Of those who encounter EBV after childhood, around half contract mononucleosis.

在童年后感染 EBV 的人中，约有一半会患上单核细胞增多症。

Almost all MS patients show signs of EBV infection, but so do around 95% of healthy adults.

几乎所有 MS 患者都表现出 EBV 感染的迹象，但大约 95% 的健康成年人也表现出 EBV 感染的迹象。

This opened up new treatment options for MS and trials of antivirals and vaccinations against EBV are now under way.

这为 MS 开辟了新的治疗选择，抗病毒药物和针对 EBV 的疫苗接种试验目前正在进行中。

In some people, antibodies created to destroy EBV inadvertently attacked the nervous system too.

在有些人身上，为摧毁 EBV 而产生的抗体也会无意中攻击神经系统。

Antiviral therapies could reduce the amount of EBV circulating in patients' immune systems.

抗病毒疗法可以减少患者免疫系统中循环的 EBV 数量。

Meanwhile, vaccines against EBV are also in development.

同时，针对 EBV 的疫苗也正在研发中。

Both are designed to train the body to attack an EBV protein known as gp350, which enables the virus to invade immune cells.

二者均旨在训练人体攻击一种名为 gp350 的 EBV 蛋白，这种蛋白可使病毒侵入免疫细胞。

Even if these vaccines can protect against EBV it will be many years before researchers know their impact on MS—people develop the disease years after infection with EBV.

即使这些疫苗能够预防 EBV，研究人员也需要很多年才能了解它们对 MS 的影响——人们在感染 EBV 数年后才会患上这种疾病。

A paper published in Nature in 2022 showed that a protein produced by EBV shares a similar structure with a protein in human cells crucial for the production of myelin.

2022 年发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇论文表明，EBV 产生的一种蛋白质与人类细胞中对髓鞘生成至关重要的蛋白质具有相似的结构。

A small study of the antiviral drug Famciclovir, published in January, found that the drug had no effect on the levels of EBV in the saliva of MS patients.

今年 1 月发表的一项针对抗病毒药物泛昔洛韦的小型研究发现，该药物对 MS 患者唾液中的 EBV 水平没有影响。

During the study, 955 of the soldiers were diagnosed with MS. The scientists then went back and tested the blood samples taken before the soldiers' diagnoses, for signs of EBV infection.

研究期间，955 名士兵被诊断患有 MS。 随后，科学家回过头来对这些士兵确诊前采集的血液样本进行检测，以寻找 EBV 感染的迹象。

In 2022 scientists identified the reason why the immune system attacked myelin in people with MS: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the cause of mononucleosis or glandular fever (also known as the " kissing disease" ).

2022 年， 科学家发现了免疫系统攻击 MS 患者髓鞘的原因：爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒 (EBV)，它是单核细胞增多症或腺热（也称为“接吻病” ）的病因。