These growth factors act on the collateral vessel wall and bring about two changes.

这些生长因子作用于侧支血管壁，产生两个变化。

First, they cause vasodilation, which allows more blood to flow through the collateral vessel.

首先，它们导致血管扩张，使通过侧支血管的血流更多。

A coronary angiography can be done to look for coronary artery obstruction and collateral vessel formation.

冠脉造影可以看到冠状动脉阻塞和侧支血管形成。

So, the pressure gradient across the collateral vessel vanishes, resulting in diminished collateral circulation.

于是，侧支血管两侧的压力梯度消失了，导致侧支循环减少。

Over time, this results in maximal vasodilation beyond the obstruction, and it helps the collateral vessel redivert blood to the ischemic myocardium.

随着时间的推移，这会使阻塞远端的血管最大程度地扩张，并帮助侧支循环将血流引向缺血的心肌。

For example, let's say two coronary arteries, A and B, are linked by a collateral vessel, and coronary artery B has developed a block.

例如，假设有两根冠状动脉A和B，由一根侧支血管相互连接，然后冠脉B发生堵塞。

Sickled red blood cells can also get stuck in the cerebral vasculature, causing strokes and Moya-moya disease - which is named for " puff-of-smoke" -like collateral vessels that bypass blocked arteries.

镰状红细胞也会嵌顿在脑脉管系统中，造成中风与脑底异常血管网症（Moya-moya病/烟雾病）；该病以代偿阻塞动脉而形成的“烟雾状”侧枝循环命名。

And coronary arteries are linked to one another through teeny tiny blood vessels called collateral vessels, which are normally in an inactive state, meaning blood doesn't flow through them.

冠状动脉通过极细小的血管（侧支血管）相互连接，通常它们处于闲置状态，即没有血流通过。

Now, the sudden gush of blood through the collateral vessel stretches its walls and deforms the endothelial cells, which stimulates the production of growth factors like the vascular endothelial growth factor, or VEGF, from the vessel wall.

现在，一股血流突然涌入侧支血管，牵拉血管壁使内皮细胞变形，刺激血管壁产生生长因子，如血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。