With RNA viruses, many of them stay in the cytoplasm where the viral RNA is used by the host's ribosomes to create viral RNA polymerase proteins.

对于RNA病毒，它们中的许多都待在细胞质中，病毒RNA在这里由宿主的核糖体合成病毒RNA聚合酶。

" Only when we put this viral trap protein it works, " said Daniell.

“只有当我们放入这种病毒陷阱蛋白时， 它才会起作用， ” 丹尼尔说。

Once inside the cell, the ribosome translates the mRNA's instructions and begins assembling the viral protein.

一旦进入细胞，核糖体就会翻译 mRNA 的指令并开始组装病毒蛋白。

The body is producing antibodies to fight that viral protein, that will then stick around to defend against future COVID-19 infections.

身体正在产生抗体来对抗这种病毒蛋白，然后这种抗体会留下来抵御未来的 COVID-19 感染。

So researchers think that, more than 190 million years ago, some retrovirus attacked one of our mammal ancestors, and inserted bits of its genetic material into its host's DNA that made that viral protein.

因此，研究人员认为， 在 1.9 亿多年前，一些逆转录病毒攻击了我们的哺乳动物祖先之一，并将其​​遗传物质的一部分插入宿主的 DNA 中， 从而产生该病毒蛋白。