For that, I would argue that actually the hallmark that I study, epigenetic modifications is probably the most predictive as of right now.

我认为就目前而言，实际上我研究表观遗传修饰的标志可能是最可预测的。

Researchers have also been investigating whether genetic adaptations to a specific environment could appear very quickly through epigenetic modification: changes not to genes themselves, but to whether and when certain genes are expressed.

不是因为基因本身变化，而是根据一些基因是否或何时会被表达。

These changes can happen during a lifetime, and may even be passed to offspring — but so far researchers are conflicted over whether epigenetic modifications can really persist over many generations and lead to lasting changes in populations.

遗传适应的变化是终生的，甚至可能传给后代。但到目前为止，研究者仍在争论表观遗传修饰造成的变化是否可以传给多代后代，对族群造成长久的影响。