In recent years, there have been several episodes of scientific fraud, including completely made-up data, massaged or doctored figures, multiple publications of the same data, theft of complete articles, plagiarism of text, and self-plagiarism.

近年来，学术欺诈事件频发，包括完全虚构的数据、改动或篡改的图片、同一数据的多次发表、完整文章的剽窃、抄袭文本和自我抄袭。