Of the 2,511 genome-wide association studies completed at the time, just 19 percent included minorities.

在当时完成的2511项全基因组关联研究中，只有19%的研究对象是少数民族。

To find SNPs, researchers conduct association studies in which they compare whole genomes of many people.

为了发现SNP，研究人员进行了相关研究，比较了许多人的整个基因组。

These sorts of association studies cannot prove causality.

这类关联研究无法证明因果关系。

They've been genome-wide association studies that have tried to figure out how much of the contribution to alcoholism comes from our genes.

他们一直在进行全基因组关联研究，试图找出有多少酒精中毒是由我们的基因造成的。

After the Human Genome Project was done and the cost of sequencing genomes came down, these genome-wide association studies picked up the pace.

人类基因组计划完成后，测序基因组的成本降低了，这些全基因组关联研究加快了步伐。