The crushed stones in the track ballast offer a larger surface area than a flat plane.

轨道道砟中的碎石比平面提供了更大的表面积。

Not only that, but the stars don't all orbit in a flat plane, like our planets do.

不仅如此，恒星并不都像我们的行星那样在一个平面上运行。

The same energy swept up the crater walls and caused the flat plane layers of rock behind me to actually be uplifted.

撞击的能量同时也形成了这坑壁造成了我周围升起的这些岩层。

Gravity waves are called this because gravity is the restoring force here that is essentially working to flatten the waves back down into a flat plane.

重力波之所以被称为重力波，是因为重力是这里的恢复力，它的作用本质上是将波浪重新压成一个平面。

So, " over" is listed above " above" because they're on a flat plane, on the flat whiteboard, one is higher than the other.

因此，“over” 列在“above” 上方，因为它们在一个平面上，在平坦的白板上， 一个比另一个高。

Now the Renaissance painters hit upon the use of perspective to create apparently three-dimensional worlds on what the viewer knew had to be a flat plane.

文艺复兴时期的画家们偶然发现了透视法的妙用，在观者已知的平面上创造出看似三维的世界。

That the cube turns into a determinant of zero would mean that all of space is squished onto something with zero volume, meaning either a flat plane, a line, or in the most extreme case, until a single point.

立方体变成零行列式意味着所有的空间都被挤压到一个体积为零的物体上 这意味着要么是一个平面 要么是一条线 或者在最极端的情况下 直到一个点。

The reason it's harder to pluck on instruments that have a curvature versus on a guitar where you actually have a flat plane, it's a little harder to pick and actually pluck with the same rapidity that you can on a guitar.

为什么相比于平坦的吉他而言，在有曲率的乐器上弹奏更难，这是因为你要想以在吉他上演奏的速度在大提琴上弹拨会更难。