The prudent course, which is standard procedure in the private sector, is to base interest rates on expected risk and reward.

正确的做法，即私营部门的标准程序，是基于预期风险和回报制定利率。

The main reason for the investment shortfall is that it takes too long to get projects approved and their expected risk and returns are still too opaque.

投资缺口的主要原因是项目审批时间过长，其预期风险和回报率的透明度仍然太差。