| 单词 | oligodendrocyte |
| 例句 | For example, they discovered that Tourette syndrome is associated with oligodendrocytes, while obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with astrocytes. Researchers construct first 'multiome' atlas of cell development in the human cerebral cortex from before birth to adulthood 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z A cell called an oligodendrocyte grows alongside the axon. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The latest findings add oligodendrocytes and their essential myelin function to the mix. This Is How an Alzheimer’s Gene Ravages the Brain 2022-11-18T05:00:00Z Astrocytes regulate the chemical environment of the nerve cell, and oligodendrocytes insulate the axon so the electrical nerve impulse is transferred more efficiently. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Also found in CNS tissue is the oligodendrocyte, sometimes called just “oligo,” which is the glial cell type that insulates axons in the CNS. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This genomic remodeling took place in cells called oligodendrocytes, which wrap connections with insulating sheaths of protein. How Human Brains Are Different: It Has a Lot to Do with the Connections 2020-07-07T04:00:00Z Projections from the oligodendrocyte wrap around the axon, forming a myelin sheath. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z But defects in how oligodendrocytes processed cholesterol seemed “particularly severe”, Tsai says. This Is How an Alzheimer’s Gene Ravages the Brain 2022-11-18T05:00:00Z Also shown are two types of glial cells: astrocytes regulate the chemical environment of the nerve cell, and oligodendrocytes insulate the axon so the electrical nerve impulse is transferred more efficiently. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z One oligodendrocyte will provide the myelin for multiple axon segments, either for the same axon or for separate axons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “These oligodendrocytes need to reinvent themselves to facilitate this larger brain,” he says. How Human Brains Are Different: It Has a Lot to Do with the Connections 2020-07-07T04:00:00Z Many oligodendrocytes grip an axon and wrap layers of myelin around it in segments, like the stacked hands of baseball players gripping a bat to determine which team bats first. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z They observed genome-wide differences between the young and old animals in the gene-expression patterns of endothelial cells and of cells called microglia and oligodendrocytes. Infiltration of old brains by T cells causes dysfunction of neural stem cells 2019-07-02T04:00:00Z One axon can be myelinated by several oligodendrocytes, and one oligodendrocyte can provide myelin for multiple neurons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Schwann cells are different than oligodendrocytes, in that a Schwann cell wraps around a portion of only one axon segment and no others. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A recent paper in Nature Methods illustrates this point by using brain spheroids to study an important cell-type in your brain called oligodendrocytes and a rare disease associated with their dysfunction. Growing Brains in Lab 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z If oligodendrocytes sense and respond to the information traffic flowing through neural circuits, then myelin formation and the way it adjusts impulse-transmission speed could be controlled by feedback from the axon. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z There are three primary types of glial cells, or glia — microglia, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes — but before Dr. Barres began to look at glia, their functions were poorly understood. Ben Barres, transgender brain researcher and advocate of diversity in science, dies at 63 2017-12-30T05:00:00Z In the CNS, the infection may also trigger an immune response in which a type of immune cell known as CD8 tries to kill the virus but also damages oligodendrocytes and neurons. Aetiology: Neighbourhood watch : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-29T05:00:00Z For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z By adding a few steps to the standard brain spheroid method, the authors made spheroids that contain both neurons and oligodendrocytes that ensheath the neurons’ axons, just like in the brain. Growing Brains in Lab 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z The oligodendrocyte begins to synthesize myelin at that spot and wrap it around the axon. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z The importance of glial cells in the degeneration and death of motor neurons emerged from studies in which the synthesis of mutant SOD1 was silenced in microglia, astrocytes or oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Electrical activity in the motor cortex of the brain of awake mice led to proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes and consequently increased myelination and alterations in motor response. [Research Article] Neuronal Activity Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Adaptive Myelination in the Mammalian Brain 2014-05-01T18:26:14.316Z Other cells in the nervous tissue, the neuroglia, include the astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison found that during sleep, activity ramps up in genes that are involved in producing oligodendrocytes—brain cells responsible for coating neurons with myelin. How Sleep Protects the Brain over Time 2014-01-28T13:00:00Z We found that the “tentacles” of the octopuslike oligodendrocytes probe bare sections of axons in search of neurotransmitters being released from axons firing. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Even so, these latest astrocyte findings spark new questions: What parts do lesser-known types of glia – oligodendrocytes, microglia and so on – have to play in our brains’ ongoing drama? A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z Four weeks later, an increase in newly generated oligodendrocytes and increased myelin sheath thickness were found within the stimulated premotor circuit. [Research Article] Neuronal Activity Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Adaptive Myelination in the Mammalian Brain 2014-05-01T18:26:14.316Z A single Schwann cell insulates a segment of a peripheral nerve, whereas in the CNS, an oligodendrocyte may provide insulation for a few separate axon segments. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Examples of these multipotent stem cells include neural stem cells, which develop only into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Stem cells: Repeat to fade 2012-12-06T12:21:18.613Z When a single tentacle touches an axon that is firing, it forms a “spot weld” contact, which enables communication between the axon and the oligodendrocyte. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z And nowhere is this clearer than in the case of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which seem hardly to resemble their adult forms at all. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z "You wouldn't expect lumber to assemble itself into a house," he notes, yet neurons in a newborn baby's brain perform a similar feat with the help of myelin-producing cells called oligodendrocytes. Stem Cells Safe for Rare Brain Disorder 2012-10-10T21:15:00Z In the CNS, oligodendrocytes provide the myelin for axons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In both groups of mice, HuCNS-SCs engrafted and underwent preferential differentiation into oligodendrocytes. [Research Articles] Human Neural Stem Cells Induce Functional Myelination in Mice with Severe Dysmyelination 2012-10-10T18:55:05.847Z When the myelin is detached from the axon, the outer layer withdraws into an oligodendrocyte, thinning the sheath. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z In this time-lapse photo series, an oligodendrocyte precursor cell moves into position near a site of neural injury. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z Animal studies strongly support the idea that the stem cells are producing myelin-making oligodendrocytes in the boys, but it's possible that the myelination didn't result from the transplant but from a bout of normal growth. Stem Cells Safe for Rare Brain Disorder 2012-10-10T21:15:00Z Glial cells play a largely supportive role, protecting and nourishing neurons, but a type of glial cell known as an oligodendrocyte is also responsible for producing myelin. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z To track how isolation might affect the development of the myelin-producing glial cells, called oligodendrocytes, the researchers bred mice in which those cells would glow: They added green fluorescent protein to the creatures' oligodendrocytes. Early Isolation Impairs Brain Connections 2012-09-13T22:17:00Z Additional layers of myelin are not added to axons as one would wrap tape around a wire, because this would tie the legs of the oligodendrocytes in knots. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z You could think of mature oligodendrocytes as your brain’s electrical contractors: These glial cells sheath your neurons’ connective cables in the insulator protein myelin, which keeps synaptic signaling fast and efficient. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z Neurosurgeons inject human neural stem cells into bundles of nerve axons, hoping the cells will become myelinating oligodendrocytes. Stem Cells Safe for Rare Brain Disorder 2012-10-10T21:15:00Z Two weeks later, the researchers inspected the oligodendrocytes in the mPFCs of the mice. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z NRG1 plays a role in fostering an oligodendrocyte's full development of long, complex branches that reach out to neurons and wrap neuronal axons in thick, protective myelin sheaths. Early Isolation Impairs Brain Connections 2012-09-13T22:17:00Z Gray matter is largely made up of the unmyelinated parts of neurons—neurons that are not sheathed by glial cells—whereas white matter is comprised of axons wrapped in insulating oligodendrocytes. Know Your Neurons: What is the Ratio of Glia to Neurons in the Brain? 2012-06-13T15:45:02.603Z In their adult form, oligodendrocytes remain sedentary along nerve cables in your brain – but in their progenitor form, they exhibit a startling variety of behaviors. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z When they transplanted the freshly made oligodendrocytes into rats after a spinal cord injury, new myelin formed around the injured nerves and the rats regained some movement. Stem Cells: Flexible friends 2012-02-29T18:21:27.080Z Shortly after, another study from Boston Children’s Hospital showed that if specific ErbB receptors in mice are blocked, oligodendrocytes are stunted, myelin is thinner and impulses travel more slowly down axons. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z Together, Corfas says, the experiments show that oligodendrocytes require social interaction to develop properly, and that failure to receive that stimulation results in defective brain function. Early Isolation Impairs Brain Connections 2012-09-13T22:17:00Z As the contest wore on, the answers grew more exotic: Golgi tendon organ, periodic limb movements of sleep, oligodendrocytes. SchoolBook: Now These Are Some Brainy Students 2012-02-06T13:07:21Z Bergles was intrigued by the persistent cycling of these progenitors, so he and his team determined to study the behavior of individual oligodendrocyte progenitors in living brains. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z Cells called oligodendrocytes are responsible for making myelin and protecting nerves from infection. Stem Cells: Flexible friends 2012-02-29T18:21:27.080Z This interferes with a signalling mechanism involved in oligodendrocyte development and myelination. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z Instead a different cell called an oligodendrocyte forms the myelin insulation. Preliminary Human Experiments to Test Safety of Paralysis Treatment Using Nerve Cells 2011-10-19T17:15:02.380Z The patient received an injection of 50 microliters, or about two drops, of the special oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into his spine. 2nd Chicago patient in stem cell trial 2011-05-11T01:15:00Z So when a progenitor dies or matures into an oligodendrocyte, another one’s instantly formed on the spot. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z Surgeons injected the first patient with about 2 million "oligodendrocyte progenitor cells," created from embryonic stem cells, in hopes that the cells will form a restorative coating around the damaged spinal cord. A first: Embryonic stem cells used on spinal injury 2010-10-12T17:39:00Z Observations such as these led a team at Boston Children’s Hospital, led by neurobiologist Gabriel Corfas, to investigate the effects of social isolation on mice bioengineered to develop fluorescent oligodendrocytes – the cells that produce myelin. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z The treatment - known as GRNOPC1 - contains cells called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Stems cells used to treat spinal-cord patient 2010-10-11T20:39:00Z Surgeons injected the first patient with about 2 million "oligodendrocyte progenitor cells," created from embryonic stem cells, in the hopes that the cells will form a restorative coating around the damaged spinal cord. First patient treated in stem cell study 2010-10-11T16:31:00Z “This is very unusual,” Bergles says, “because with neurons, with astroglia or even with adult oligodendrocytes, those types of cells would be in the same positions from one week to the next; they’re very static.” A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z Surgeons will inject the first patient with about 2 million "oligodendrocyte progenitor cells," created from embryonic stem cells, in the hopes the cells will form a restorative coating around the damaged spinal cord. First tests for stem cell therapy are near 2010-08-29T19:21:00Z R Douglas Fields and colleagues published a paper last year showing that a neurotransmitter called glutamate, released along axons in response to electrical activity, increases myelination by stimulating production of myelin proteins in oligodendrocytes. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z Those progenitor cells turn into oligodendrocytes, a type of cell that produces myelin, a coating that allows impulses to move along nerves. Stems cells used to treat spinal-cord patient 2010-10-11T20:39:00Z Geron turns embryonic stem cells into precursors of neural support cells called oligodendrocytes, which would be injected into the spinal cord at the site of the injury. F.D.A. Clears Way for Embryonic Stem Cell Trial Using Patients 2010-07-30T15:21:00Z This “conquer and divide” system, Bergles realized, is the mechanism that enables oligodendrocyte precursors to maintain their constant numbers over time. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z As an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell divides, each new progenitor explores its environment with filopodia, orienting itself around its neighbors. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z “If there aren’t any oligodendrocytes to provide essential support to neurons, the neurons will wither and die.” A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z If GRNOPC1 works, the progenitor cells will produce new oligodendrocytes in the injured area of the patient's spine, potentially allowing for new movement. Stems cells used to treat spinal-cord patient 2010-10-11T20:39:00Z Meanwhile, other types of glia – oligodendrocyte progenitors included – are still awaiting their moment in the spotlight. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z In fact, he was one of the first scientists to observe synaptic connections between neurons and oligodendrocyte precursors, way back in his postdoctoral research days. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z |
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