英语词汇“heterozygous”造句的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

As a result, the recessive small b allele is lost in the third generation, and all of the rabbits are heterozygous dominant with brown coat color. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

For the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross, the following three possible combinations of genotypes result: homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

From this data, can you tell if the round pea parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Individuals who are heterozygous for CF have an advantage against typhoid. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

If we know that a man and woman are both heterozygous for a recessive genetic disorder, we would predict that one in every four of their children would be affected by the disease. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Hence, this work suggests that a single heterozygous mutation, in one of a large number of genes, is an easy way for cells to acquire a “super-mutator” power that allows cancer to progress faster. A New Idea about How Cancer Begins 2019-03-01T05:00:00Z

From this data, can you tell if the parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

For crosses between heterozygous individuals with a recessive lethal allele that causes death before birth when homozygous, only wild-type homozygotes and heterozygotes would be observed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The F1 plants are all heterozygous for seed shape and color. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

The heterozygous parent would have a 50 percent chance of passing the dominant allele for this disorder to his or her offspring, and the homozygous parent would always pass the normal allele. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Characterization of the mutations responsible for generating genetic instability revealed a high frequency of mutations in one of the two copies of a particular gene, which is termed a heterozygous mutation. One rogue agent suffices for genomic chaos 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z

When P plants with contrasting traits were cross-fertilized, all of the offspring were heterozygous for the contrasting trait, meaning their genotype had different alleles for the gene being examined. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

Figure 12.19 This figure shows all possible combinations of offspring resulting from a dihybrid cross of pea plants that are heterozygous for the tall/dwarf and inflated/constricted alleles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Unlike the blending of red and white colors in heterozygous four o’clock flowers, the black and white colors remain separate in chickens. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

For an affected female, the inheritance pattern would be identical to that of an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in which one parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous for the normal gene. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

It is also interesting to consider whether, during cancer development, heterozygous mutations conferring genetic instability might subsequently be lost as the cancer evolves. One rogue agent suffices for genomic chaos 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z

Figure 8.16 What ratio of offspring would result from a cross between a white-eyed male and a female that is heterozygous for red eye color? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

Both parents are heterozygous with the recessive trait of brown eyes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype lies somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

In incomplete dominance, the offspring express a heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between one parent’s homozygous dominant trait and the other parent’s homozygous recessive trait. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Moreover, the proportion of genes in which her chromosome pairs harbored different variants—so-called heterozygous alleles—was close to 50% across all chromosomes, suggesting the maternal and paternal chromosomes came directly from different groups. This ancient bone belonged to a child of two extinct human species 2018-08-22T04:00:00Z

When true-breeding, or homozygous, individuals that differ for a certain trait are crossed, all of the offspring will be heterozygous for that trait. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

In a genetic cross of two plants that are heterozygous for the seed shape trait, the Punnett square is shown. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The individuals, being heterozygous for these variants, lacked the disease phenotype. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z

When Mendel crossed heterozygous individuals, he repeatedly found a 3:1 dominant–recessive ratio. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Whenever an original reference sequence and an edited sequence were identified in the same cell the corresponding cell was characterised as heterozygous. Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human embryogenesis : Nature : Nature Research 2017-09-19T04:00:00Z

From this data, can you tell if the parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

You would expect 200 homozygous dominant blue flowers, 400 heterozygous blue flowers, and 200 homozygous recessive red flowers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

This distribution was expected and confirms that the heterozygous patient sperm sample contained equal numbers of wild-type and mutant spermatozoa with similar motility and fertilization efficiency. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z

Insertions or deletions that crossed gaps in the B73 pseudomolecules, or that were heterozygous in the optical genome maps, were excluded. Improved maize reference genome with single-molecule technologies : Nature : Nature Research 2017-06-11T04:00:00Z

“Wc” is code for “wild-caught,” “hots” are venomous species, and “het,” an abbreviation of “heterozygous,” indicates that a snake carries a recessive, and often desirable, trait, such as albinism or uncommon patterning. The Kingsnake of Queens: Inside the Investigation That Brought Down a New York Reptile Trafficker 2017-04-18T04:00:00Z

You would expect 100 homozygous dominant red flowers, 100 heterozygous red flowers, and 600 homozygous recessive blue flowers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

All mutations are subclonal to a specific allele of a heterozygous SNP in the vicinity. Somatic mutations reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human embryo : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z

As indicated, PGD may be a viable option for heterozygous couples at risk of producing affected offspring. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z

Additionally, all sites for which we had missing data for any of the samples or for which we had heterozygous calls were filtered. Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale genomes provide insights into malaria parasite evolution : Nature : Nature Research 2017-01-24T05:00:00Z

Plant genomes, and eukaryotic genomes in general, are typically repetitive, polyploid and heterozygous, which complicates genome assembly1. Single-molecule sequencing of the desiccation-tolerant grass Oropetium thomaeum : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-10T05:00:00Z

An example of population variation would be Mendel’s pea plants that were homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous recessive for various traits. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

However, much remains to be considered before clinical applications, including the reproducibility of the technique with other heterozygous mutations. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z

To account for this we made a null hypothesis that all called heterozygous variants were actually homozygous. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z

Homozygous mismatches are classified as sequencing errors, and heterozygous mismatches indicate sites of heterozygosity. Single-molecule sequencing of the desiccation-tolerant grass Oropetium thomaeum : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-10T05:00:00Z

What would most likely happen to the frequencies of A and a if heterozygous individuals were favored by natural selection? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

As the amount of krill declines, only the more genetically diverse, or heterozygous, fur seals that are fitter and stronger survive. Hit by Climate Change, Dwindling Antarctic Seal Population Grows More Diverse 2014-07-23T04:00:00Z

We next evaluated targeting outcomes in human zygotes produced by fertilizing healthy donor oocytes with sperm from the patient heterozygous for the MYBPC3 mutation. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z

For cases in which there is a single affected proband and no family history, investigators should consider sequencing the unaffected parents of the probands, permitting efficient discovery of de novo mutations and compound heterozygous genotypes. Guidelines for investigating causality of sequence variants in human disease 2014-04-23T17:21:03.147Z

De novo sequencing and assembly of large, repeat-containing, heterozygous genomes remains challenging. The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution 2013-05-29T17:21:22.577Z

For example, Hgb-S causes sickle-cell anemia; although this variant of hemoglobin is not as efficient at transporting O2, it does provide some protection against malaria, thus providing an advantage to heterozygous individuals. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The present study analyzes the effect of decreased de novo SL synthesis in the lung on airway reactivity after administration of myriocin, an inhibitor of SPT, and in SPT heterozygous knockout mice. [Research Articles] Impaired Sphingolipid Synthesis in the Respiratory Tract Induces Airway Hyperreactivity 2013-05-22T18:55:07.587Z

On the basis of our results, it may not even be necessary to provide exogenous oligo templates for gene correction in heterozygous human embryos. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z

Divergence and diversity parameters were estimated using ‘haploidized’ data by randomly choosing one allele from heterozygous genotypes. The genomic landscape of species divergence in Ficedula flycatchers 2012-12-05T15:23:01.900Z

The lopsided vote does not completely reflect the views of many of the panel members, who expressed considerable concern that the drug might be used in lower risk populations, in particular, patients with heterozygous FH. FDA Reviewers Recommend Approval For Lomitapide For Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia 2012-10-17T20:26:02Z

For a population composed entirely of heterozygous individuals the frequency would be 0.5. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

“Come to think of it, his first horse was probably heterozygous,” Andersson said, meaning that the horse lacked the proper DMRT3 mutation. Scientists Find Gene Can Explain Horses’ Ability to Pace 2012-09-11T00:26:17Z

In an effort to demonstrate the proof-of-principle that heterozygous gene mutations can be corrected in human gametes or early embryos, we focused on the MYBPC3 mutation that has been implicated in HCM. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z

Each sub-tree is reduced to a contig by keeping the first heterozygous SNP unchanged, and flipping or not flipping the other heterozygous SNPs on the sub-tree, based on their paths to the first heterozygous SNP. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z

Or to use the adjective forms, a pure black guinea-pig is homozygous for black pigment, an albino guinea-pig is homozygous for absence of pigment, while a cross between the two is heterozygous for pigment. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z

In each experiment the population was initially heterozygous. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Tapit, who is by the dark bay/brown Pulpit, is also heterozygous. Derby Dreams Ride In on a White Horse 2012-04-10T17:02:04Z

Other issues that need to be addressed include the applicability of this gene correction approach to other heterozygous mutations in humans. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z

Loop 1 is over all the heterozygous SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z

The four individuals represented in No. 5 are heterozygous with regard to both elements. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z

First cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous tall plant to the stigma of a true breeding dwarf plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Base errors were corrected by mapping all Illumina reads back to the assembly and rectifying apparent homozygous variants, while recording the location of heterozygous sites. Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence 2012-03-07T18:21:00.777Z

They used Drosophila melanogaster strains heterozygous for multigene deletions to screen for chromosomal regions that reduce viability in female F1 hybrids. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?A Test of the Snowball Theory for the Rate of Evolution of Hybrid Incompatibilities? 2011-09-15T18:25:17.657Z

This neighbourhood is constrained by the expected number of heterozygous SNPs and the expected fragment lengths. c, Graph generation. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z

In addition to homozygous SNP positions we also called 5.2M heterozygous positions. Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation 2011-09-14T17:21:52.063Z

Second cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous dwarf plant to the stigma of a true breeding tall plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

For example, two heterozygous splice site mutations resulted in the use of a novel splice donor site and an intron retention event. Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2011-08-17T17:21:43.793Z

For a gene to cause HI when both homozygous and hemizygous, but not when heterozygous, strongly implies that the HI gene is behaving like a loss-of-function mutation in a hybrid background. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?A Test of the Snowball Theory for the Rate of Evolution of Hybrid Incompatibilities? 2011-09-15T18:25:17.657Z

We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato 2011-07-13T17:21:42.673Z

Second cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous dwarf plant to the stigma of a true breeding tall plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The scientists also sequenced substantial sections of the heterozygous diploid variety RH, although due to its heterozygosity were not able to assemble it into a complete genome. Scientists Finally Sequence Tricky Potato Genome 2011-07-10T21:15:00.257Z

These groups would include heterozygous FH, severe hypercholesterolemia, and high-risk patients who remain far from their LDL goals. Safety is key for upcoming Isis cholesterol data 2010-08-01T16:34:00Z

An undirected graph is made, with nodes corresponding to the heterozygous SNPs and the connections corresponding to the orientation and the strength of the best hypothesis for the relationship between those SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z

If the SNP inducing a premature stop codon was heterozygous, the gene harbouring this SNP was considered a heterozygous premature stop codon gene in RH. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato 2011-07-13T17:21:42.673Z

However, if a dominant copy of the W gene is present in the homozygous or heterozygous form, the summer squash will produce white fruit regardless of the Y alleles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The heterozygous tall pea or the heterozygous rose-combed fowl cannot be distinguished from the homozygous form by mere inspection, however close. Mendelism Third Edition

But the female is heterozygous, "impure" in the sense that her femaleness depends upon the dominance of the factor for femaleness over the factor for maleness, which also is present in her. Woman and Womanhood A Search for Principles

Loop 1 is over all the heterozygous SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z

We found 80 genes with frameshift mutations, of which 31 were heterozygous and 49 were homozygous. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato 2011-07-13T17:21:42.673Z

If the round pea parent plant is heterozygous, what is the probability that a random sample of 3 progeny peas will all be round? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Breeding tests alone can decide which is the heterozygous and which the homozygous form. Mendelism Third Edition

The normal male is heterozygous for this normal factor. Hormones and Heredity

Females who are heterozygous for these diseases are said to be carriers and may not exhibit any phenotypic effects. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Such heterozygous individuals are sometimes referred to as “carriers.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Being heterozygous for both of the two factors C and I, they will produce in equal numbers the four different sorts of gametes CI, Ci, cI, ci. Mendelism Third Edition

On this last hypothesis the mutation here considered might be a heterozygous specimen, with the dextral condition dominant in the head and the sinistral in the body. Hormones and Heredity

However, consider two heterozygous parents that have a genotype of wild- type/nonfunctional mutant for a hypothetical essential gene. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Both parents are heterozygous, having the green trait on the green-blue eye gene. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The erect purples, on the other hand, being always formed by the union of a gamete Eb with a gamete eB, are always heterozygous for both of these factors. Mendelism Third Edition

On this theory, therefore, there would always be some females heterozygous for the male character. Hormones and Heredity

Even LFR libraries phased without candidate heterozygous SNPs from standard libraries, and thus using only 10–20 human cells, are able to phase 91–97% of the available SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z

For the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross, the following three possible combinations of genotypes could result: homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Because homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals are phenotypically identical, the observed traits in the F2 offspring will exhibit a ratio of three dominant to one recessive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The cross between a heterozygous dominant and a recessive also leads to equal numbers of recessives and of heterozygous dominants. Mendelism Third Edition

It is true that in heterozygous individuals characters may develop more fully in the adult stage than in the young. Hormones and Heredity

You would expect 300 homozygous dominant blue flowers, 300 heterozygous blue flowers, and 200 homozygous recessive red flowers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

An individual may be homozygous for one or more characters, and at the same time may be heterozygous for others. Mendelism Third Edition

First cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a true breeding tall plant to the stigma of a heterozygous dwarf plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Scheme to illustrate the heterozygous nature of the pure Brown Leghorn hen. Mendelism Third Edition

The Mendelians, when the mutations of Oenothera were first described, endeavoured to show that they were merely examples of the segregation of factors from a heterozygous combination. Hormones and Heredity

Being heterozygous for two factors they will produce four kinds of gametes in equal numbers, viz. Mendelism Third Edition

Though this is true for the majority of characters yet investigated, there are cases known in which the heterozygous form differs in appearance from either parent. Mendelism Third Edition

First cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous tall plant to the stigma of a heterozygous dwarf plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

In the simple case where the homozygous and heterozygous conditions are indistinguishable in appearance the number of possible forms is 2, raised to the power of the number of factors concerned. Mendelism Third Edition

This is the same difficulty which I pointed out above in connection with the Mendelian theory that the female was heterozygous and the male homozygous for sex. Hormones and Heredity

This at once suggests that the black and the splashed white are the two homozygous forms, and that the blues are heterozygous, i.e., producing equal numbers of "black" and "white splashed" gametes. Mendelism Third Edition

Such birds being heterozygous for the inhibitor factor, should be whites showing some coloured "ticks." Mendelism Third Edition

Second cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous tall plant to the stigma of a heterozygous dwarf plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The polled character is dominant to the horned, and the occasional reappearance of the horned animal is due to the fact that some of the polled herd are heterozygous in this character. Mendelism Third Edition

But in addition to this it is the male in this case which is heterozygous for sex, and n goes to the male-producing sperms, N to the female-producing. Hormones and Heredity

Heterozygous males shown dark with a white spot, heterozygous females light with a dark spot in the centre. Mendelism Third Edition

On the assumption that there exists a repulsion between the factors for erect standard and blue in a plant which is heterozygous for both, this peculiar case receives a simple explanation. Mendelism Third Edition

When diploid organisms carry the same alleles for a given trait, they are said to be homozygous for the genotype; when they carry different alleles, they are said to be heterozygous. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Though the heterozygous individuals may be indistinguishable in appearance from the pure dominant, they can be readily separated by the breeding test. Mendelism Third Edition

They are all therefore red-eyed, but heterozygous—that is, the red eye is due to one red-eye factor, not two. Hormones and Heredity

Since the female is always heterozygous for F, her gametes must be of two kinds, viz. Mendelism Third Edition

On this suggestion each sex is heterozygous for its own sex factor only, and does not contain the factor proper to the opposite sex. Mendelism Third Edition

Test crosses are done to determine whether or not an individual is homozygous or heterozygous by crossing the individual with a homozygous recessive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

For when crossed by the recessive, in this case horned animals, the pure dominant gives only polled beasts, while the heterozygous individual gives equal numbers of polled and horned ones. Mendelism Third Edition

But the heterozygous colour-blind man does not behave altogether like a sheep, for he apparently does not transmit the colour-blind condition to any of his male offspring. Mendelism Third Edition

But Cu�not and others have shown that all of the yellows are heterozygous, and when crossed with agoutis give both yellows and agoutis. Mendelism Third Edition

We will suppose that in dioica femaleness is dominant to maleness, and that the female is heterozygous for this additional factor. Mendelism Third Edition

When P1 plants with contrasting traits were cross-fertilized, all of the offspring were heterozygous for the contrasting trait, meaning that their genotype reflected that they had different alleles for the gene being examined. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

As soon, however, as their constitution has been analysed and expressed in terms of Mendelian factors, pure strains can be built up which when crossed will give nothing but offspring of the desired heterozygous form. Mendelism Third Edition

The characters of certain breeds of canaries and pigeons again appear to depend upon their heterozygous nature. Mendelism Third Edition

单词	heterozygous
例句	heterozygous As a result, the recessive small b allele is lost in the third generation, and all of the rabbits are heterozygous dominant with brown coat color. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross, the following three possible combinations of genotypes result: homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z From this data, can you tell if the round pea parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Individuals who are heterozygous for CF have an advantage against typhoid. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z If we know that a man and woman are both heterozygous for a recessive genetic disorder, we would predict that one in every four of their children would be affected by the disease. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Hence, this work suggests that a single heterozygous mutation, in one of a large number of genes, is an easy way for cells to acquire a “super-mutator” power that allows cancer to progress faster. A New Idea about How Cancer Begins 2019-03-01T05:00:00Z From this data, can you tell if the parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z For crosses between heterozygous individuals with a recessive lethal allele that causes death before birth when homozygous, only wild-type homozygotes and heterozygotes would be observed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The F1 plants are all heterozygous for seed shape and color. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The heterozygous parent would have a 50 percent chance of passing the dominant allele for this disorder to his or her offspring, and the homozygous parent would always pass the normal allele. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Characterization of the mutations responsible for generating genetic instability revealed a high frequency of mutations in one of the two copies of a particular gene, which is termed a heterozygous mutation. One rogue agent suffices for genomic chaos 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z When P plants with contrasting traits were cross-fertilized, all of the offspring were heterozygous for the contrasting trait, meaning their genotype had different alleles for the gene being examined. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Figure 12.19 This figure shows all possible combinations of offspring resulting from a dihybrid cross of pea plants that are heterozygous for the tall/dwarf and inflated/constricted alleles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Unlike the blending of red and white colors in heterozygous four o’clock flowers, the black and white colors remain separate in chickens. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z For an affected female, the inheritance pattern would be identical to that of an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in which one parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous for the normal gene. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It is also interesting to consider whether, during cancer development, heterozygous mutations conferring genetic instability might subsequently be lost as the cancer evolves. One rogue agent suffices for genomic chaos 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z Figure 8.16 What ratio of offspring would result from a cross between a white-eyed male and a female that is heterozygous for red eye color? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Both parents are heterozygous with the recessive trait of brown eyes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype lies somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In incomplete dominance, the offspring express a heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between one parent’s homozygous dominant trait and the other parent’s homozygous recessive trait. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Moreover, the proportion of genes in which her chromosome pairs harbored different variants—so-called heterozygous alleles—was close to 50% across all chromosomes, suggesting the maternal and paternal chromosomes came directly from different groups. This ancient bone belonged to a child of two extinct human species 2018-08-22T04:00:00Z When true-breeding, or homozygous, individuals that differ for a certain trait are crossed, all of the offspring will be heterozygous for that trait. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In a genetic cross of two plants that are heterozygous for the seed shape trait, the Punnett square is shown. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The individuals, being heterozygous for these variants, lacked the disease phenotype. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z When Mendel crossed heterozygous individuals, he repeatedly found a 3:1 dominant–recessive ratio. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Whenever an original reference sequence and an edited sequence were identified in the same cell the corresponding cell was characterised as heterozygous. Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human embryogenesis : Nature : Nature Research 2017-09-19T04:00:00Z From this data, can you tell if the parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z You would expect 200 homozygous dominant blue flowers, 400 heterozygous blue flowers, and 200 homozygous recessive red flowers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The individuals, being heterozygous for these variants, lacked the disease phenotype. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z This distribution was expected and confirms that the heterozygous patient sperm sample contained equal numbers of wild-type and mutant spermatozoa with similar motility and fertilization efficiency. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z Insertions or deletions that crossed gaps in the B73 pseudomolecules, or that were heterozygous in the optical genome maps, were excluded. Improved maize reference genome with single-molecule technologies : Nature : Nature Research 2017-06-11T04:00:00Z “Wc” is code for “wild-caught,” “hots” are venomous species, and “het,” an abbreviation of “heterozygous,” indicates that a snake carries a recessive, and often desirable, trait, such as albinism or uncommon patterning. The Kingsnake of Queens: Inside the Investigation That Brought Down a New York Reptile Trafficker 2017-04-18T04:00:00Z You would expect 100 homozygous dominant red flowers, 100 heterozygous red flowers, and 600 homozygous recessive blue flowers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z All mutations are subclonal to a specific allele of a heterozygous SNP in the vicinity. Somatic mutations reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human embryo : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z As indicated, PGD may be a viable option for heterozygous couples at risk of producing affected offspring. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z Additionally, all sites for which we had missing data for any of the samples or for which we had heterozygous calls were filtered. Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale genomes provide insights into malaria parasite evolution : Nature : Nature Research 2017-01-24T05:00:00Z Plant genomes, and eukaryotic genomes in general, are typically repetitive, polyploid and heterozygous, which complicates genome assembly1. Single-molecule sequencing of the desiccation-tolerant grass Oropetium thomaeum : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-10T05:00:00Z An example of population variation would be Mendel’s pea plants that were homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous recessive for various traits. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z All mutations are subclonal to a specific allele of a heterozygous SNP in the vicinity. Somatic mutations reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human embryo : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z However, much remains to be considered before clinical applications, including the reproducibility of the technique with other heterozygous mutations. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z To account for this we made a null hypothesis that all called heterozygous variants were actually homozygous. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Homozygous mismatches are classified as sequencing errors, and heterozygous mismatches indicate sites of heterozygosity. Single-molecule sequencing of the desiccation-tolerant grass Oropetium thomaeum : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-10T05:00:00Z What would most likely happen to the frequencies of A and a if heterozygous individuals were favored by natural selection? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As the amount of krill declines, only the more genetically diverse, or heterozygous, fur seals that are fitter and stronger survive. Hit by Climate Change, Dwindling Antarctic Seal Population Grows More Diverse 2014-07-23T04:00:00Z We next evaluated targeting outcomes in human zygotes produced by fertilizing healthy donor oocytes with sperm from the patient heterozygous for the MYBPC3 mutation. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z For cases in which there is a single affected proband and no family history, investigators should consider sequencing the unaffected parents of the probands, permitting efficient discovery of de novo mutations and compound heterozygous genotypes. Guidelines for investigating causality of sequence variants in human disease 2014-04-23T17:21:03.147Z De novo sequencing and assembly of large, repeat-containing, heterozygous genomes remains challenging. The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution 2013-05-29T17:21:22.577Z For example, Hgb-S causes sickle-cell anemia; although this variant of hemoglobin is not as efficient at transporting O2, it does provide some protection against malaria, thus providing an advantage to heterozygous individuals. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The present study analyzes the effect of decreased de novo SL synthesis in the lung on airway reactivity after administration of myriocin, an inhibitor of SPT, and in SPT heterozygous knockout mice. [Research Articles] Impaired Sphingolipid Synthesis in the Respiratory Tract Induces Airway Hyperreactivity 2013-05-22T18:55:07.587Z On the basis of our results, it may not even be necessary to provide exogenous oligo templates for gene correction in heterozygous human embryos. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z Divergence and diversity parameters were estimated using ‘haploidized’ data by randomly choosing one allele from heterozygous genotypes. The genomic landscape of species divergence in Ficedula flycatchers 2012-12-05T15:23:01.900Z The lopsided vote does not completely reflect the views of many of the panel members, who expressed considerable concern that the drug might be used in lower risk populations, in particular, patients with heterozygous FH. FDA Reviewers Recommend Approval For Lomitapide For Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia 2012-10-17T20:26:02Z For a population composed entirely of heterozygous individuals the frequency would be 0.5. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “Come to think of it, his first horse was probably heterozygous,” Andersson said, meaning that the horse lacked the proper DMRT3 mutation. Scientists Find Gene Can Explain Horses’ Ability to Pace 2012-09-11T00:26:17Z In an effort to demonstrate the proof-of-principle that heterozygous gene mutations can be corrected in human gametes or early embryos, we focused on the MYBPC3 mutation that has been implicated in HCM. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z Each sub-tree is reduced to a contig by keeping the first heterozygous SNP unchanged, and flipping or not flipping the other heterozygous SNPs on the sub-tree, based on their paths to the first heterozygous SNP. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z Or to use the adjective forms, a pure black guinea-pig is homozygous for black pigment, an albino guinea-pig is homozygous for absence of pigment, while a cross between the two is heterozygous for pigment. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z In each experiment the population was initially heterozygous. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Tapit, who is by the dark bay/brown Pulpit, is also heterozygous. Derby Dreams Ride In on a White Horse 2012-04-10T17:02:04Z Other issues that need to be addressed include the applicability of this gene correction approach to other heterozygous mutations in humans. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-01T04:00:00Z Loop 1 is over all the heterozygous SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z The four individuals represented in No. 5 are heterozygous with regard to both elements. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z First cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous tall plant to the stigma of a true breeding dwarf plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Base errors were corrected by mapping all Illumina reads back to the assembly and rectifying apparent homozygous variants, while recording the location of heterozygous sites. Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence 2012-03-07T18:21:00.777Z They used Drosophila melanogaster strains heterozygous for multigene deletions to screen for chromosomal regions that reduce viability in female F1 hybrids. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?A Test of the Snowball Theory for the Rate of Evolution of Hybrid Incompatibilities? 2011-09-15T18:25:17.657Z This neighbourhood is constrained by the expected number of heterozygous SNPs and the expected fragment lengths. c, Graph generation. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z In addition to homozygous SNP positions we also called 5.2M heterozygous positions. Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation 2011-09-14T17:21:52.063Z Second cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous dwarf plant to the stigma of a true breeding tall plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For example, two heterozygous splice site mutations resulted in the use of a novel splice donor site and an intron retention event. Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2011-08-17T17:21:43.793Z For a gene to cause HI when both homozygous and hemizygous, but not when heterozygous, strongly implies that the HI gene is behaving like a loss-of-function mutation in a hybrid background. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?A Test of the Snowball Theory for the Rate of Evolution of Hybrid Incompatibilities? 2011-09-15T18:25:17.657Z This neighbourhood is constrained by the expected number of heterozygous SNPs and the expected fragment lengths. c, Graph generation. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato 2011-07-13T17:21:42.673Z Second cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous dwarf plant to the stigma of a true breeding tall plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The scientists also sequenced substantial sections of the heterozygous diploid variety RH, although due to its heterozygosity were not able to assemble it into a complete genome. Scientists Finally Sequence Tricky Potato Genome 2011-07-10T21:15:00.257Z These groups would include heterozygous FH, severe hypercholesterolemia, and high-risk patients who remain far from their LDL goals. Safety is key for upcoming Isis cholesterol data 2010-08-01T16:34:00Z An undirected graph is made, with nodes corresponding to the heterozygous SNPs and the connections corresponding to the orientation and the strength of the best hypothesis for the relationship between those SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z If the SNP inducing a premature stop codon was heterozygous, the gene harbouring this SNP was considered a heterozygous premature stop codon gene in RH. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato 2011-07-13T17:21:42.673Z However, if a dominant copy of the W gene is present in the homozygous or heterozygous form, the summer squash will produce white fruit regardless of the Y alleles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The heterozygous tall pea or the heterozygous rose-combed fowl cannot be distinguished from the homozygous form by mere inspection, however close. Mendelism Third Edition But the female is heterozygous, "impure" in the sense that her femaleness depends upon the dominance of the factor for femaleness over the factor for maleness, which also is present in her. Woman and Womanhood A Search for Principles Loop 1 is over all the heterozygous SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z We found 80 genes with frameshift mutations, of which 31 were heterozygous and 49 were homozygous. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato 2011-07-13T17:21:42.673Z If the round pea parent plant is heterozygous, what is the probability that a random sample of 3 progeny peas will all be round? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Breeding tests alone can decide which is the heterozygous and which the homozygous form. Mendelism Third Edition The normal male is heterozygous for this normal factor. Hormones and Heredity An undirected graph is made, with nodes corresponding to the heterozygous SNPs and the connections corresponding to the orientation and the strength of the best hypothesis for the relationship between those SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z Females who are heterozygous for these diseases are said to be carriers and may not exhibit any phenotypic effects. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Such heterozygous individuals are sometimes referred to as “carriers.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Being heterozygous for both of the two factors C and I, they will produce in equal numbers the four different sorts of gametes CI, Ci, cI, ci. Mendelism Third Edition On this last hypothesis the mutation here considered might be a heterozygous specimen, with the dextral condition dominant in the head and the sinistral in the body. Hormones and Heredity Each sub-tree is reduced to a contig by keeping the first heterozygous SNP unchanged, and flipping or not flipping the other heterozygous SNPs on the sub-tree, based on their paths to the first heterozygous SNP. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z However, consider two heterozygous parents that have a genotype of wild- type/nonfunctional mutant for a hypothetical essential gene. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Both parents are heterozygous, having the green trait on the green-blue eye gene. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The erect purples, on the other hand, being always formed by the union of a gamete Eb with a gamete eB, are always heterozygous for both of these factors. Mendelism Third Edition On this theory, therefore, there would always be some females heterozygous for the male character. Hormones and Heredity Even LFR libraries phased without candidate heterozygous SNPs from standard libraries, and thus using only 10–20 human cells, are able to phase 91–97% of the available SNPs. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z For the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross, the following three possible combinations of genotypes could result: homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Because homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals are phenotypically identical, the observed traits in the F2 offspring will exhibit a ratio of three dominant to one recessive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The cross between a heterozygous dominant and a recessive also leads to equal numbers of recessives and of heterozygous dominants. Mendelism Third Edition It is true that in heterozygous individuals characters may develop more fully in the adult stage than in the young. Hormones and Heredity You would expect 300 homozygous dominant blue flowers, 300 heterozygous blue flowers, and 200 homozygous recessive red flowers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z An individual may be homozygous for one or more characters, and at the same time may be heterozygous for others. Mendelism Third Edition First cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a true breeding tall plant to the stigma of a heterozygous dwarf plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Scheme to illustrate the heterozygous nature of the pure Brown Leghorn hen. Mendelism Third Edition The Mendelians, when the mutations of Oenothera were first described, endeavoured to show that they were merely examples of the segregation of factors from a heterozygous combination. Hormones and Heredity Being heterozygous for two factors they will produce four kinds of gametes in equal numbers, viz. Mendelism Third Edition Though this is true for the majority of characters yet investigated, there are cases known in which the heterozygous form differs in appearance from either parent. Mendelism Third Edition First cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous tall plant to the stigma of a heterozygous dwarf plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the simple case where the homozygous and heterozygous conditions are indistinguishable in appearance the number of possible forms is 2, raised to the power of the number of factors concerned. Mendelism Third Edition This is the same difficulty which I pointed out above in connection with the Mendelian theory that the female was heterozygous and the male homozygous for sex. Hormones and Heredity This at once suggests that the black and the splashed white are the two homozygous forms, and that the blues are heterozygous, i.e., producing equal numbers of "black" and "white splashed" gametes. Mendelism Third Edition Such birds being heterozygous for the inhibitor factor, should be whites showing some coloured "ticks." Mendelism Third Edition Second cross is performed by transferring the pollen of a heterozygous tall plant to the stigma of a heterozygous dwarf plant. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The polled character is dominant to the horned, and the occasional reappearance of the horned animal is due to the fact that some of the polled herd are heterozygous in this character. Mendelism Third Edition But in addition to this it is the male in this case which is heterozygous for sex, and n goes to the male-producing sperms, N to the female-producing. Hormones and Heredity Heterozygous males shown dark with a white spot, heterozygous females light with a dark spot in the centre. Mendelism Third Edition On the assumption that there exists a repulsion between the factors for erect standard and blue in a plant which is heterozygous for both, this peculiar case receives a simple explanation. Mendelism Third Edition When diploid organisms carry the same alleles for a given trait, they are said to be homozygous for the genotype; when they carry different alleles, they are said to be heterozygous. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Though the heterozygous individuals may be indistinguishable in appearance from the pure dominant, they can be readily separated by the breeding test. Mendelism Third Edition They are all therefore red-eyed, but heterozygous—that is, the red eye is due to one red-eye factor, not two. Hormones and Heredity Since the female is always heterozygous for F, her gametes must be of two kinds, viz. Mendelism Third Edition On this suggestion each sex is heterozygous for its own sex factor only, and does not contain the factor proper to the opposite sex. Mendelism Third Edition Test crosses are done to determine whether or not an individual is homozygous or heterozygous by crossing the individual with a homozygous recessive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For when crossed by the recessive, in this case horned animals, the pure dominant gives only polled beasts, while the heterozygous individual gives equal numbers of polled and horned ones. Mendelism Third Edition But the heterozygous colour-blind man does not behave altogether like a sheep, for he apparently does not transmit the colour-blind condition to any of his male offspring. Mendelism Third Edition But Cu�not and others have shown that all of the yellows are heterozygous, and when crossed with agoutis give both yellows and agoutis. Mendelism Third Edition We will suppose that in dioica femaleness is dominant to maleness, and that the female is heterozygous for this additional factor. Mendelism Third Edition When P1 plants with contrasting traits were cross-fertilized, all of the offspring were heterozygous for the contrasting trait, meaning that their genotype reflected that they had different alleles for the gene being examined. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As soon, however, as their constitution has been analysed and expressed in terms of Mendelian factors, pure strains can be built up which when crossed will give nothing but offspring of the desired heterozygous form. Mendelism Third Edition The characters of certain breeds of canaries and pigeons again appear to depend upon their heterozygous nature. Mendelism Third Edition
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