| 单词 | gene expression |
| 例句 | A 2010 study found that “Fructose feeding has now been shown to alter gene expression patterns… alter satiety factors in the brain, increase inflammation… and induce leptin resistance.” Sugar is killing us, and it doesn’t take much 2014-02-25T13:50:00Z It also altered gene expression in the animals’ brains, returning it to a more healthy state, he added. Motor neurone disease researchers find link to microbes in gut 2019-07-22T04:00:00Z Helicobacter pylori, for example, can induce cancer by secreting a protein called Tipα that can penetrate cells, alter their gene expression and drive gastric cancer. How microbes in food can impact your body’s defenses against cancer 2023-02-28T05:00:00Z But also neural evidence, neurochemical evidence, cardiovascular evidence, and even evidence of effects on gene expression. The myths of happiness 2013-03-31T21:00:00Z Modern studies are only just beginning to unravel issues about gene expression and epigenetics, the study of how the environment modifies the ways genes are expressed. David Shenk's bright idea: Genius isn't in the genes 2010-05-01T23:08:00Z For all his headline-grabbing talk of "murderous minds", "broken brains" and "natural born killers" he ends with "the biosocial jigsaw puzzle", where "the social environment beats up the brain and reshapes gene expression". The Anatomy of Violence by Adrian Raine – review 2013-06-13T11:00:01Z But most of the scientific understanding is still evolving as to just how experience interacts with and changes gene expression. Beyond Nature vs. Nurture, What Makes Us Ourselves? 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z These results are similar to many others affirming that life experience can affect gene expression, and that close loving care early in life can have a profound impact later on. 10 reasons we love love 2014-03-15T22:00:00Z Mr. Baer lists a degree in nutrigenomics, the study of the effect of different nutrients on gene expression, from Cambridge University. ArtsBeat: Injured 'Spider-Man' Actor Undergoes DNA Testing 2011-03-22T20:48:22Z They can release toxins that damage DNA, change gene expression and increase the proliferation of tumor cells. How microbes in food can impact your body’s defenses against cancer 2023-02-28T05:00:00Z Gene sequencing provides an organism’s genome sequence, but gene expression profiling reveals where and when in the body certain genes are active. Schizophrenia may be the price of our humanity 2015-06-28T04:00:00Z People are going around saying that any environmental influence that can change your gene expression pattern we can call epigenetic. Edith Heard: 'We can't undo what our parents have given us in terms of our genes' 2013-06-22T23:05:02Z "These nutrients presumably protect against cardiovascular disease by various mechanisms, including altering gene expression, regulating blood pressure, and lowering inflammation in the body," she says. These are the best foods for your heart, experts say 2022-02-01T05:00:00Z The team then used epigenetic factor gene expression levels to train and test an AI model to predict patient outcomes. AI model can help predict survival outcomes for patients with cancer 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z The group performed this feat using single-cell CRISPR-Cas9 screening, a gene editing technology that analyzes gene expression profiling of individual cells after selectively removing transcription factors in a comprehensive screen. Scientists identify T-cell differentiation nodes to improve cancer-killing 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z Raleigh and Chen and their multidisciplinary team suspected that gene expression could more accurately point out the patients who would be helped by radiotherapy. Can gene expression predict if a brain tumor is likely to grow back? 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z The researchers examined the effects of emissions on gene expression, i.e., what kind of alterations emissions cause, and what kind of mechanisms they activate. Ultrafine particles from traffic disturb human olfactory cell function 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z The researchers measured gene expression and the concentrations of small-molecular compounds, or metabolites, in the fetal intestine, brain and placenta. Maternal microbiota can affect fetal development 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z If there are errors in these "switches" or abnormalities on how they contact the genes, changes in gene expression occur, which can eventually lead to cancer. DNA organization influences the growth of deadly brain tumors in response to neuronal signals 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z Transcription factors are proteins that directly regulate gene expression. Scientists identify T-cell differentiation nodes to improve cancer-killing 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z Europe and Hong Kong, Raleigh's team came up with a set of 34 genes whose gene expression patterns had the potential to predict whether a tumor would return. Can gene expression predict if a brain tumor is likely to grow back? 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z But the plants grown outdoors, swinging their heads with the sun, showed a completely different pattern of gene expression. How sunflowers see the sun 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z The researchers demonstrated that there were considerable differences in gene expression in the intestine, brain and placenta of the foetuses of germ-free and normal mouse dams. Maternal microbiota can affect fetal development 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z These two proteins bind to and control the DNA switches that regulate gene expression. DNA organization influences the growth of deadly brain tumors in response to neuronal signals 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z By examining an individual T cell's gene expression pattern, the researchers could compare them to see which knocked-out transcription factors most affected T-cell differentiation and anticancer activity. Scientists identify T-cell differentiation nodes to improve cancer-killing 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z The researchers also found that two-fifths of patients with Grade 2 and 3 tumors did not have a recurrence, and this, too, could be predicted by the tumor's gene expression. Can gene expression predict if a brain tumor is likely to grow back? 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z That behavior was accompanied by a burst of gene expression on the shaded side of the plant that did not recur on subsequent days. How sunflowers see the sun 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z Now, a new Stanford study that used genetic and molecular tools to map out the body regions of starfish -- by creating a 3D atlas of their gene expression -- helps answer this longstanding mystery. Where is a sea star's head? Maybe just about everywhere 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z "This allows us to both control gene expression in living cells and observe their behavior." Controlling organoids with light 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z "We found that the loss of B4GALT3 caused significant fluctuations in gene expression in the immune system, a discovery which has significantly changed the direction of our next phase of research," adds coauthor Chie Naruse. Cancer's sweet Achilles heel 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z It evaluated phenotypic effects by deleterious off-target sites based on the evidence provided by gene expression changes. Researchers develop DANGER analysis tool for the safer design of gene editing 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z On the other hand, gene expression in the mantis brains did not change, and in fact could not be distinguished from that found in uninfected mantises. Stolen genes allow parasitic control of behavior 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z "We used RNA tomography to determine which genes were expressed in each slice and then 'reassembled' the slices using computer models. This gave us a 3D map of gene expression." Where is a sea star's head? Maybe just about everywhere 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z The combination of these molecules produces typical patterns of gene expression during development. Controlling organoids with light 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z For female samples, however, the amount of force applied did not influence the level of anabolic gene expression. Females less likely to heal from ACL injuries than males 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z To more systematically understand the cellular changes triggered by radiation in the Lung Chip, and identify potential drug targets, the researchers analyzed the complete gene expression programs of epithelial and endothelial cells over time. Human Lung Chip leveraged to faithfully model radiation-induced lung injury 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z The researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression in neurons from mice with spinal cord injuries. New biomarker predicts whether neurons will regenerate 2023-10-16T04:00:00Z Pinpointing the switches that activate or block gene expression in brain cells could be useful for diagnosing brain disorders and developing tailored treatments, says Ecker. This Is The Largest Map of The Human Brain Ever Made 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z "Our method allows us to very accurately reproduce, in the petri dish, processes that are connected to gene expression in tissue," says Legnini. Controlling organoids with light 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z The data revealed specific changes in the structure of chromatin that precede gene expression. Researchers construct first 'multiome' atlas of cell development in the human cerebral cortex from before birth to adulthood 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z "So, we could develop personalized genomes for the parents, and then map back the workers' gene expression to each parent and find out which parent's copy of that gene is being expressed." Honey bees may inherit altruistic behavior from their mothers 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z Using a computer algorithm to analyze their sequencing data, the researchers identified a unique pattern of gene expression that can predict whether or not an individual neuron will ultimately regenerate after an injury. New biomarker predicts whether neurons will regenerate 2023-10-16T04:00:00Z The name of the paper is "Pre-pregnancy gene expression signatures are associated with subsequent improvement/worsening of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy." Who will have 'miracle' improvement of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy? 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z The groups' findings, which were published in the journal Nature, mark a major step forward in our understanding of how gene expression is balanced on the sex chromosomes. How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z Spectra, the researchers note, can cut through technical "noise" to identify functionally relevant gene expression programs, including those that are novel or highly specific to a particular biological context. New open-source method to improve decoding of single-cell data 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z "Finally, we used RNA sequencing to look at genome-wide gene expression in the workers, but importantly, we also sequenced the genomes of the parents of those crosses," Bresnahan said. Honey bees may inherit altruistic behavior from their mothers 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z Aging causes inflammation and hypoxia in the eye that leads to changes in gene expression associated with the cellular effects and symptoms of wet AMD. New strategy for eye condition could replace injections with eyedrops 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z For this test, they sought a genetic perturbation that would result in a desired shift in average gene expression. A more effective experimental design for engineering a cell into a new state 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z Keller Valsecci added: "This is an important clue as to how the mechanisms that balance gene expression on sex chromosomes may have evolved in the first place." How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z Using more than 2 million cells from more than 400 postmortem brain samples, the researchers analyzed how gene expression is disrupted as Alzheimer's progresses. Decoding the complexity of Alzheimer's disease 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z Reported in Cell, the study interrogates the preferential spatial niches, dynamics, gene expression patterns and functional states of neutrophils in BrMs and gliomas. Study shows how brain tumors make certain immune cells turn traitor 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z Komarova and colleagues found that the EB3 inhibitor they developed reversed these epigenetic changes, restoring gene expression to a normal, healthy state. New strategy for eye condition could replace injections with eyedrops 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z "The protective effects of DHA might, in this context, be restricted to effects on gene expression related to the pro-inflammatory response as opposed to the metabolic deficits that the saturated fat also induced," Butler said. Saturated fat may interfere with creating memories in aged brain 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Placental tissue samples will be shipped to physiologist Amanda Sferruzzi-Perri at the University of Cambridge, who will study whether differences in the organ’s vasculature or gene expression correlate with poor outcomes. How much heat is dangerous during pregnancy? 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Using this approach, the researchers were able to track changes in gene expression and epigenomic accessibility that occur in genes that have previously been linked with Alzheimer's. Decoding the complexity of Alzheimer's disease 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z In recent years, these variants have been appreciated for playing crucial roles in controlling gene expression across tissues and cell types. Researchers connect Alzheimer's-associated genetic variants with brain cell function 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z As a result, the chromosomes open up in a way that gives the cells' gene expression machinery access to genes that define memory T cells, triggering their transformation. Disrupting a core metabolic process in T cells may improve their therapeutic efficacy 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z Results showed the palmitic acid prompted gene expression changes linked to an increase in inflammation in both microglia and neurons, though microglia had a wider range of affected inflammatory genes. Saturated fat may interfere with creating memories in aged brain 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z This led to the identification of tissue-specific gene expression signatures that resemble those from living extant marsupial and placental mammals. RNA for the first time recovered from an extinct species 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z In a new paper, published in Scientific Data, researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have collected gene expression data in response to mechanical stiffness in tumors. New insight into crosstalk between cancer cells and their environment 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z Using this epigenomic editing technology, the researchers can "perturb" candidate regions to see whether any tested genomic regions can impact downstream gene expression. Researchers connect Alzheimer's-associated genetic variants with brain cell function 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z Rather, the metabolic process switches on gene expression programs that lock the immune cells into a terminal effector state -- one in which they retain functional capability but their lifespans and proliferative capacity are curtailed. Disrupting a core metabolic process in T cells may improve their therapeutic efficacy 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z Her study also revealed a pattern of gene expression in the rats’ THC-exposed neurons that overlapped significantly with gene expression profiles seen in people with schizophrenia. As cannabis laws relax, neuroscientist warns of its dangers for developing brain 2023-08-31T04:00:00Z Using the paired atlases, researchers revealed how changes in gene expression associated with depression were linked to structural and functional changes in a region of the frontal cortex. Scientists Tried to Re-create an Entire Human Brain in a Computer. What Happened? 2023-08-24T04:00:00Z It is linked with better general perceived health as well, and a new study released last month reports that green space reduces “epigenetic aging,” an evaluation of biological age based on gene expression. Can Virtual Reality Mimic Nature’s Power to Make Us Healthier? 2023-07-14T04:00:00Z Since all three aforementioned genes are known to be risk genes for AD, the study successfully links an AD non-coding variant to functions in microglia beyond control of gene expression. Researchers connect Alzheimer's-associated genetic variants with brain cell function 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z The regulation occurs through signaling between cells and tissues and responses in the form of differential gene expression. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z High doses altered the shape of neuronal support cells called astrocytes and caused changes in gene expression that suggest disruptions to signaling by the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. As cannabis laws relax, neuroscientist warns of its dangers for developing brain 2023-08-31T04:00:00Z Whereas Pairwise is snipping out the gene sequences that produce an enzyme that interferes with flavor, Sound Agriculture is programming gene expression. Tweaking Vegetables’ Genes Could Make Them Tastier—And You’ll Get to Try Them Soon 2023-05-10T04:00:00Z As trees grow, they can accumulate changes in gene expression that can be passed along to their offspring. This Might Be the World’s Oldest Tree. And It Could Die of Thirst 2023-05-03T04:00:00Z They include changes in behavior, loss of body weight and condition, reduced feeding rates, decreased ability to produce offspring, chemical imbalances in organisms’ bodies and changes in gene expression, to name a few. ‘Plasticosis’ in Seabirds Could Herald New Era of Animal Disease 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z Also, metabolic differences seen in different cell types based on differential gene expression are a likely factor in which cells a virus may use to replicate. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z "We are seeing a signature of gene expression changes that are indicating that people who have chronic kidney disease may benefit from this." Beyond a diet fad: Fasting alters your genetic expression, experts say 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z Medical researchers had long known that external factors such as diet, exercise and smoking could influence gene expression, but they had less clarity on how it was happening at a molecular level. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z Widespread changes in cells’ DNA methylation patterns and gene expression followed, consistent with Sinclair’s theory. Two research teams reverse signs of aging in mice 2023-01-12T05:00:00Z “What other aspects of biology can we better understand by keeping in mind that it’s not just all about gene expression and proteins and DNA—but these charged ions?” Electric Countdown Tells Sleeping Spores When to Wake Up 2022-12-29T05:00:00Z RNA is studied to understand gene expression patterns in cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z "This study is giving us clues, for example, in the kidney. We are seeing a signature of gene expression changes that are indicating that people who have chronic kidney disease may benefit from this." Beyond a diet fad: Fasting alters your genetic expression, experts say 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z For Dr. Allis, it was a perfect specimen for its mix of high levels of histones and gene expression activity. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z The data showed differences in gene expression in those with acute and chronic Lyme disease. Scientists identify biomarkers that could help diagnose Lyme disease 2022-11-28T05:00:00Z “It’s definitely an interesting paper with some strong, compelling observations,” said Dr. Michel Sadelain, an immunologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, where he heads the center’s gene transfer and gene expression laboratory. A Devious Cellular Trick Cancers Can Use to Escape Your Immune System 2022-09-29T04:00:00Z Studying changes in gene expression could provide information about the gene transcription profile in the presence of the drug, which can be used as an early indicator of the potential for toxic effects. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z "What we found were good changes in gene expression in these individuals which now gives us some idea what to expect when people with obesity do time restricted eating." Beyond a diet fad: Fasting alters your genetic expression, experts say 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z It built on earlier experiments by Michael Grunstein, a professor at the University of California at Los Angeles, that explored how the histone tail-receptors activated or silenced gene expression in yeast cells. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z Researchers further pared down the list by comparing the gene expression of those with Lyme disease with that observed in patients with other infectious diseases. Scientists identify biomarkers that could help diagnose Lyme disease 2022-11-28T05:00:00Z The studies showed that the animals’ heart rates, fat burning, gene expression and body weights change substantially, depending on when they exercise — even if the exercise itself is the same. Is it better to work out in the morning or at night? 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z Even though all cells in a multicellular organism have the same set of genes, the set of proteins produced in different tissues is different and dependent on gene expression. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The team was able to restore GnRH production in the cells using microRNAs—strands of RNA that act as switches for gene expression—and reverse the rodents’ smell and memory deficits. Restoring a key hormone could help people with Down syndrome 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z The link between histones and gene expression “wasn’t given so much as a grain of salt” for decades, Dr. Allis said in 2001. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z Many pathways influence the cell by initiating gene expression, and the methods utilized are quite numerous. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z He’s particularly curious about what creates these patterns of gene expression. Single-cell studies offer new view of how HIV infections persist—and might be cured 2022-08-03T04:00:00Z Therefore, in prokaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is almost entirely at the transcriptional level. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Some of it is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Dr. Allis’s breakthrough came in 1996 by showing the links between histones and gene expression. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane, directly influencing gene expression upon receptor binding. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 3.35 Transcription Factors Regulate Gene Expression While each body cell contains the organism’s entire genome, different cells regulate gene expression with the use of various transcription factors. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The process of differentiation is regulated by location-specific chemical signals from the cell’s embryonic environment that sets in play a cascade of events that regulates gene expression. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They can regulate gene expression and evolve just like traditional cells. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In a recent study, my colleagues and I experimented with genome-wide gene expression, a tool that can identify links between protein expression and specific conditions across the entire human genome. How Parents’ Trauma Leaves Biological Traces in Children 2022-06-25T04:00:00Z One possibility is that the mitochondria, being remnants of ancient prokaryotes, have an equally ancient RNA- based method for regulating gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These differences in gene expression ultimately dictate a cell’s unique morphological and physiological characteristics. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “Mental” stress also affects gene expression, as many recent epigenetic studies have shown. Review | Psychiatry’s brutal history and unanswered questions 2022-06-03T04:00:00Z Environmental conditions can affect gene expression and influence genetically determined traits. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The discovery gave rise to epigenetics, the study of what influences gene expression and how. How Parents’ Trauma Leaves Biological Traces in Children 2022-06-25T04:00:00Z C. A chemical message is received by the cell regulating the timing of events controlled by gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Gene therapies that target gene expression are also seen as future possibilities. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z An expert in environmental toxicology studying the impacts of microplastics on gene expression at Oregon State University, Brander was among nine experts that wrote the letter to the journal Science. UN environment group passes a resolution on plastic pollution. Scientists fear it's too late 2022-05-05T04:00:00Z In places where chromatin is tightly packed, gene expression is blocked. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Epigeneticists explore the switches that turn gene expression on and off. How Parents’ Trauma Leaves Biological Traces in Children 2022-06-25T04:00:00Z In all cases, regulation of gene expression determines the type and amount of protein produced in the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z He cautioned that, as with many studies of loneliness, his did not prove that loneliness caused these differences in gene expression; it might simply have been more prevalent in people who had them. How Loneliness Is Damaging Our Health 2022-04-20T04:00:00Z Another arm of the project, called the Precision Cohort, will delve in unprecedented detail into biochemical changes and shifts in gene expression over time in 1,000 dogs. The Dog Aging Project digs deeper than ever to help our best friends live better longer — and the findings could help us, too 2022-04-22T04:00:00Z In regions where chromatin is opened up, gene expression is enhanced. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z By occupying these sites like roadblocks on a highway, methyl groups can alter transcription, a basic step in gene expression where a piece of RNA is made from a DNA template. How Parents’ Trauma Leaves Biological Traces in Children 2022-06-25T04:00:00Z The process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein is called gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The versatile gene expression system can be produced rapidly in an in vitro GMP environment. These Vaccines May Be Ready to Take On New COVID Variants 2022-02-25T05:00:00Z Advances in molecular biology and imaging have allowed scientists to explore many more possible biomarkers from the structure of the brain to molecules that regulate gene expression. In-utero alcohol exposure: new tools for a difficult diagnosis 2022-02-17T05:00:00Z Instead, they influence patterns of gene expression over long periods of time. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z With this approach, we again observed distinct patterns of gene expression linked with maternal and paternal trauma exposure and PTSD. How Parents’ Trauma Leaves Biological Traces in Children 2022-06-25T04:00:00Z The regulation of gene expression conserves energy and space. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This difference in gene expression seems to explain, at least partly, the more visible variation between how young and old people respond to strength training. Perspective | Why muscles change — and get weaker — with age, even when you work out 2022-02-12T05:00:00Z The company also hopes to use the gene expression maps to predict other complications such as gestational diabetes and premature birth, says McElrath, a paid adviser for Mirvie. Simple test could predict dangerous blood pressure in pregnant women 2022-01-05T05:00:00Z Transcription factors control gene expression by binding DNA sequences in the regulatory regions of genes. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In August, Chinese researchers used AlphaFold2 to map the structures for nearly 200 proteins that bind to DNA, which could be involved in everything from DNA repair to gene expression. Science’s 2021 Breakthrough of the Year: AI brings protein structures to all 2021-12-15T05:00:00Z Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take place in the nucleus, and during protein translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z What does trauma like this do to our gene expression, and to what extent can it carry on, epigenetically, from generation to generation? Long Overlooked, Benjamin Banneker Is Recognized for Work on Cicadas and against Slavery 2021-11-09T05:00:00Z To unlock the disease’s secrets, they’ll have to carefully take each brain apart, count its cells, track its gene expression and document its proteins. How does COVID-19 change the brain? This scientist is finding out 2021-11-05T04:00:00Z Epigenetic markers influence patterns of gene expression over time by controlling chromatin density. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z “There’s a massive influence of activity on gene expression,” says Roska. An Inventory of All the Brain Cells That Let You Run, Jump and Roll 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z Gene regulation results in differential gene expression, leading to cell specialization. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z UCL neuroscientist Kenneth Harris is among those imaging genetically labeled cells in living mice to relate gene expression to electrical firing patterns. A ‘Rosetta Stone’ for neuroscience: new atlas helps define brain cell types 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z It works because each pathogen activates a different set of genes, varying their RNA or protein production, and the test can spot these telltale “gene expression” signatures in a small blood sample. Virus or Bacterium? Rapid Test Pinpoints Infection’s Cause 2021-08-31T04:00:00Z By regulating gene expression, bacteria can respond to changes in their environment. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Next, they used RNA interference—a technique that reduces gene expression—to knock them down in hundreds of developing P. opilio embryos. How scientists turned daddy longlegs into ‘daddy shortlegs’ 2021-08-03T04:00:00Z Eukaryotic gene expression begins with control of access to the DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z No-one knows for sure, but a clue may reside in the staggering intricacy of gene expression that multicellular life had to master. It’s time to consign the “selfish gene” to the history books 2021-05-30T04:00:00Z And whereas people from different populations and with certain preexisting conditions might show varying patterns of gene expression, Storch hopes future work will account for such differences to ensure reliable results for all. Virus or Bacterium? Rapid Test Pinpoints Infection’s Cause 2021-08-31T04:00:00Z The general principles of gene expression in prokaryotes also apply to eukaryotes, but the regulation of many eukaryotic genes is much more complex. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The study, published on 24 May in Nature Medicine, is the first successful clinical application of a technique called optogenetics, which uses flashes of light to control gene expression and neuron firing. Injection of Light-Sensitive Proteins Restores Blind Man’s Vision 2021-05-25T04:00:00Z Gene regulation results in differential gene expression, leading to cell specialization. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To explore the clinical relevance of the findings, Yang’s team searched databases of gene expression in tumor samples from people with melanoma, colon, lung, pancreatic, and cervical cancer. An old antidepressant helps the immune system fight tumors in mice 2021-05-14T04:00:00Z Controlling genes in this way was a dramatic step forward, Fussenegger says: “It was a direct link between light and gene expression.” Using Light to Control Cells Holds Promise across the Body 2021-05-12T04:00:00Z By binding DNA sequences in the regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes, transcription factors control gene expression. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In mice, scientists can document physiological aging in urine and blood samples; in Drosophila and C. elegans, they can insert molecular tags into cells that show gene expression in real time. What can ants, bees, and other social insects teach us about aging? 2021-03-25T04:00:00Z The activity of transcription factors can regulate differential gene expression in cells, resulting in the development of different cell products and functions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These changes result from what are called epigenetic mechanisms, which alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence itself. New Technologies Could Protect Against Arsenic Toxicity in Water 2021-03-11T05:00:00Z The researchers enhanced this silencing effect by hitching Cas9 to a repressor, another protein that inhibits gene expression. Gene-silencing injection reverses pain in mice 2021-03-10T05:00:00Z A transcription factor can activate scores of genes at once, thereby dramatically affecting patterns of gene expression. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Then they compared this gene expression with a database of RNA from cells of human brains of different ages. Brain cell clusters, grown in lab for more than a year, mirror changes in a newborn’s brain 2021-02-22T05:00:00Z Changes at every level of eukaryotic gene expression can be detected in some form of cancer at some point in time. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Thus, reduced gene expression may contribute to elevated blood glucose levels. New Technologies Could Protect Against Arsenic Toxicity in Water 2021-03-11T05:00:00Z But she expects that changes in the epigenome—the chemical compounds that stud DNA and regulate gene expression—might naturally reverse the effects of the gene-silencing proteins over time. Gene-silencing injection reverses pain in mice 2021-03-10T05:00:00Z Eukaryotic gene expression can also be regulated by many other factors. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z They noticed that when an organoid reached 250 to 300 days old—roughly 9 months—its gene expression shifted to more closely resemble that of cells from human brains soon after birth. Brain cell clusters, grown in lab for more than a year, mirror changes in a newborn’s brain 2021-02-22T05:00:00Z In order to understand how changes to gene expression can cause cancer, it is critical to understand how each stage of gene regulation works in normal cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Yang’s team examined an area of the cortex and saw dramatic gene expression changes in neurons in a specific region called cortical layer 2/3. COVID Can Cause Forgetfulness, Psychosis, Mania or a Stutter 2021-01-21T05:00:00Z When researchers added fructose to Escherichia coli cells, gene expression increased in bits of ring-shaped DNA called plasmids. Scientists ‘program’ living bacteria to store data 2021-01-11T05:00:00Z Complex changes in gene expression allow the single cell of a new organism to develop into a functioning multicelluar organism. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z When the researchers looked at methylation patterns—the DNA location of chemical tags called methyl groups that regulate gene expression—they found that changes caused by the injury resembled those in aging mouse cells. Researchers restore lost sight in mice, offering clues to reversing aging 2020-12-02T05:00:00Z Prokaryotes possess a nucleus whereas eukaryotes do not, but eukaryotes show greater compartmentalization that allows for greater regulation of gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z And gene-editing techniques might also be tapped to suppress gene expression or even correct mutations. Is gene therapy ready to treat some forms of autism? 2020-10-14T04:00:00Z Prolonged calorie deprivation in a pregnant mouse, for example, prompts changes in gene expression in her offspring that predispose them to diabetes. Inequality before Birth Contributes to Health Inequality in Adults 2020-10-08T04:00:00Z Epigenetic chemical marks can be attached to DNA and histone proteins in a way that affects gene expression by altering chromatin structure. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In their cells, the researchers saw patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression resembling those of younger animals. Researchers restore lost sight in mice, offering clues to reversing aging 2020-12-02T05:00:00Z Which statement is correct regarding the distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The authors also observed marked differences in gene expression, including for genes linked to axon formation, in brain cells from the two types of embryo. Maternal microbes support fetal brain wiring 2020-09-22T04:00:00Z Researchers deliver the genes encoding these transcription factors to cells in culture, and then watch for signs of pluripotency, including changes in cell shape and gene expression. A menagerie of stem-cell models 2020-09-21T04:00:00Z Graur, for his part, remains skeptical that gene activity in corpses adequately reflects what’s going on in the living, despite the team’s data on the preservation of gene expression. ‘Invaluable’ database helps solve mystery of how genes are regulated 2020-09-10T04:00:00Z In the three sets of experiments, Sinclair says, the cells seemed to respond to the reprogramming factors by fine-tuning their gene expression to match a youthful state. Researchers restore lost sight in mice, offering clues to reversing aging 2020-12-02T05:00:00Z Prokaryotes regulate gene expression at the level of translation whereas eukaryotes regulate at the level of transcription to manipulate protein levels. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Then they “trained” the model on thousands of tumors, adding in respective gene expression data and duration of survival after diagnosis. New tumor gene test can help predict survival for advanced ovarian cancers: study 2020-08-19T04:00:00Z These cells, through cytoskeletal reorganization and changes in gene expression, coordinate stem-cell renewal and differentiation with adaptation to the mechanical force being experienced. Stretch exercises for stem cells expand the skin 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z National Institutes of Health is planning a developmental GTEx that will enroll people under age 20 to create an atlas of gene expression from birth to adulthood. ‘Invaluable’ database helps solve mystery of how genes are regulated 2020-09-10T04:00:00Z Most surprisingly — and controversially —the disease fix came about from just a few days of transient gene expression in the fetal gut. In utero intervention to stem the damage of cystic fibrosis 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z Explain how these drugs could affect gene expression to help kill tumor cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Researchers analyzed the level of ACE2 gene expression in 305 people between the ages of 4 and 60 and found that it increased steadily with age. Will children spread COVID-19 if they go back to school? 2020-07-16T04:00:00Z These plants had defects in the NTL8 or NTL14 genes, which encode proteins that bind to DNA and control gene expression. Growth-mediated sensing of long-term cold in plants 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z They were able to link variations in DNA to gene expression levels using statistical analyses to find correlated patterns of change. ‘Invaluable’ database helps solve mystery of how genes are regulated 2020-09-10T04:00:00Z Krausgruber et al. also characterized the cells’ chromatin — the complex of DNA and protein in the nucleus — to pinpoint genomic regions that were poised to start gene expression. An antiviral response beyond immune cells 2020-06-30T04:00:00Z Because microorganisms can go through several generations in a matter of hours, their gene expression profiles adapt to the new laboratory environment very quickly. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Aitken et al. report that presumptive exchange events tended to occur in regions of the genome that were associated with lower-than-average gene expression and later replication, compared with other regions, during the cell cycle. Strands of evidence about cancer evolution 2020-06-23T04:00:00Z The immense advances that are being made in mapping gene expression in humans at the resolution of single cells might reveal further targets for use in the design of senolytic CAR T cells. T cells engineered to target senescence 2020-06-16T04:00:00Z Stranger uncovered another key result: Almost every tissue including, for example, skin and heart, showed differences in gene expression between males and females. ‘Invaluable’ database helps solve mystery of how genes are regulated 2020-09-10T04:00:00Z Once overlooked as genetic junk, miRNA is now attracting attention as an important player in regulating gene expression. Unravelling the mysteries of microRNA in breast milk 2020-06-16T04:00:00Z Even though all cells of a multicellular organism have the same set of genes, the set of proteins produced in different tissues is different and dependent on gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Taken together, these observations suggest that there are several subpopulations of thermoregulatory neurons clustered together in the median preoptic nucleus, each distinguished by a unique pattern of gene expression. Flipping the switch on the body’s thermoregulatory system 2020-06-10T04:00:00Z However, patterns of gene expression in cells at different points along the gastruloid are somewhat disorganized, he says. Balls of cells mimic an unseen stage of human embryo development 2020-06-11T04:00:00Z He suggests that during the first, sluggish growth cycle, some microbes alter their epigenome — the molecular markers on DNA that control gene expression — to adapt to lab conditions. The search for microbial dark matter 2020-06-07T04:00:00Z If a certain experiment requires a heat shock to trigger gene expression, it can be done by whoever is in the lab. Frozen cells and empty cages: researchers struggle to revive stalled experiments after the lockdown 2020-06-04T04:00:00Z Directed evolution is an inquiry strategy that is usually used to investigate gene expression or the function of proteins that are expressed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The move to sequencing whole genomes is especially exciting, because analysis of non-coding sequences provides information about both structural variation and variation in DNA sequences that regulate gene expression — described in the companion papers. Thousands of human sequences provide deep insight into single genomes 2020-05-26T04:00:00Z This rejuvenation improved spatial memory, reversed age-related changes in neuronal gene expression, and increased the birth of new neurons, as well as the density of their dendrites. Five Types of Research, Underexplored until Recently, Could Produce Alzheimer’s Treatments 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z Enough stress over long periods leads to measurable changes in brain chemistry and gene expression—and not necessarily for the better. Whatever Helps You Feel Less Afraid, Tired and Lonely, Do That 2020-04-09T04:00:00Z This process involves a ‘segmentation clock’ that drives rhythmic oscillations of gene expression, including that of the gene Hes7. The clock that controls spine development modelled in a dish 2020-03-31T04:00:00Z However, altered gene orientation can result in functional changes because regulators of gene expression could be moved out of position with respect to their targets, causing aberrant levels of gene products. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This analysis revealed some evidence for natural selection against structural variants in non-coding sequences that control gene expression. Thousands of human sequences provide deep insight into single genomes 2020-05-26T04:00:00Z Grail looked at both sequence data and patterns of a DNA chemical modification called methylation, which is known to strongly affect gene expression. Could liquid biopsies help deliver better treatment? 2020-03-24T04:00:00Z But that is now changing thanks to the advent of metagenomic techniques, which allow scientists to track gene expression in whole communities simultaneously. These microbial communities have learned to live at Earth's most extreme reaches 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z Surprisingly, despite these mutations and differences in overall gene expression, the authors observed normal oscillations in the PSM. The clock that controls spine development modelled in a dish 2020-03-31T04:00:00Z Transcription factors can either activate or inhibit gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The routine analysis of structural variants, integrated with analysis of SNVs and gene expression, will be crucial for interpreting individual genomes. Thousands of human sequences provide deep insight into single genomes 2020-05-26T04:00:00Z But with the help of VIRGO, scientists saw, for the first time, that not all L. crispatus strains are the same—there was enormous diversity in gene expression among them. Decoding the Vaginal Microbiome 2020-02-28T05:00:00Z Lu and colleagues report that epigenetic therapy modulated the gene expression of myeloid cells in the bone marrow of mice. Tweaking the DNA of myeloid cells curbs cancer spread 2020-02-25T05:00:00Z For example, proteins that repress gene expression are involved in maintaining some aspects of cell identity in mature neurons20. A decade of questions about the fluidity of cell identity 2020-02-23T05:00:00Z Southern blots are used to detect the presence of certain DNA sequences in a given genome, and northern blots are used to detect gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To answer this, we turned to a data set of human gene expression, and found that genes that are associated with alcohol consumption are likely to be highly expressed in the human brain. Don’t worry, moderate drinking probably isn’t shrinking your brain 2020-02-17T05:00:00Z This is an essential process that prevents a gross imbalance in gene expression between males and females. How to silence an X chromosome 2020-02-04T05:00:00Z Altering gene expression in one part of the body could affect other parts in unforeseen ways. Step aside CRISPR, RNA editing is taking off 2020-02-03T05:00:00Z “Some of those changes might reflect the abnormal gene expression of the cells and not actually reflect a true disease feature. So that’s a problem for scientists to address.” “Mini Brains” Are Not like the Real Thing 2020-01-30T05:00:00Z In response to interferons, uninfected cells alter their gene expression, which increases the cells’ resistance to infection. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They then compared these patterns of gene expression to those of cells from cerebral organoids created using several previously published methods. Lab-grown ‘minibrains’ differ from the real thing in cell subtypes, gene expression 2020-01-29T05:00:00Z Harvesting and analysing RNA rather than DNA, for example, allows investigators to capture changes in gene expression that can reveal dysfunction in ostensibly normal gut species. The hunt for a healthy microbiome 2020-01-28T05:00:00Z However, the authors’ workflow is certain to be refined as advanced techniques are developed for directly profiling the spatial gene expression of tissues11,12. Techniques converge to map the developing human heart at single-cell level 2020-01-26T05:00:00Z By sequencing RNA in individual cells and examining gene expression, Clevers’s team determined that both real venom glands and organoids contain different cell types that specialize in producing certain toxins. Tiny organs grown from snake glands produce real venom 2020-01-23T05:00:00Z One effect of interferon-induced gene expression is a sharply reduced cellular protein synthesis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z How do they control fundamental processes such as gene expression, DNA replication and DNA repair? Technologies to watch in 2020 2020-01-20T05:00:00Z The institute developed a library of more than 1.5 million gene expression profiles from thousands of potential drug molecules, called the Connectivity Map, to guide the search. Old Drug, New Tricks: Existing Medicines Show Promise in Fighting Cancer 2020-01-20T05:00:00Z Those 200 years or older also saw decreases in gene expression associated with cell division, differentiation, and expansion. How the Ginkgo biloba achieves near-immortality 2020-01-13T05:00:00Z Other sequence-associated data are aligned and stacked above and below that line in ‘tracks’, for instance to illustrate the relationship between gene expression, DNA modification and protein-binding sites. A picture is worth a thousand base pairs 2019-12-01T05:00:00Z Similarly, the dramatically altered gene expression of tumor cells leads to expression of extremely deformed or absent MHC I molecules that also signal “unhealthy” or “abnormal.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The technology allows precise spatio-temporal control over gene expression, which is critically disrupted in many diseases. Technologies to watch in 2020 2020-01-20T05:00:00Z It will examine blood collected before and at several time points after hepatitis B vaccination, and look at changes in the number of immune cells in the blood, cytokine concentrations and gene expression. Tailoring vaccines for older people and the very young 2019-11-26T05:00:00Z They found no difference in gene expression for trees of different ages, suggesting that the trees do not lose their ability to defend against outside stressors. How the Ginkgo biloba achieves near-immortality 2020-01-13T05:00:00Z It will look for markers of inflammation; gene expression patterns; the balance of bacteria in the lungs, mouth, and throat; and other signs of lung health and disease. How safe is vaping? New human studies assess chronic harm to heart and lungs 2019-11-26T05:00:00Z Many intracellular receptors are transcription factors that interact with DNA in the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Similarly, the team found alterations in gene expression and protein production in exposed cells, some of which are associated with changes in cancer, inflammation and injuries or with abnormal function in organs. Health Concerns Mount as More Old Sewer Pipes Are Lined with Plastic 2019-11-26T05:00:00Z Apparently identical cells in the same tissue can show a wide range of dynamic states of gene expression. Science must move with the times 2019-11-04T05:00:00Z The authors went on to investigate where lysine lactylation occurred in the M1 genome, as well as how the modification altered gene expression. Histone lactylation links metabolism and gene regulation 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z The authors report that mice lacking a complex microbiota exhibit altered fear-associated behaviour, changes in gene expression in cells in the brain, and alterations in the firing patterns and rewiring ability of neurons. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z Discuss which would have a more significant effect on gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Epigenetics — changes in gene expression — may be the other 75 percent. The under-recognized power of preconception nutrition 2019-10-21T04:00:00Z “It required very high dose levels to achieve reduced gene expression,” says Maraganore. Pharma’s roller-coaster relationship with RNA therapies 2019-10-15T04:00:00Z Such an approach should block circadian-related changes in gene expression in cancer cells without perturbing the clock in the rest of the organism. Alterations to the circadian clock make brain tumours vulnerable 2019-10-13T04:00:00Z In support of this idea, the researchers show that changes in the microbiota lead to altered gene expression in microglia and neurons, and to changes in dendritic-spine maintenance. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z Deviations from the simple scheme of the central dogma are discovered as researchers explore gene expression with new technology. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Together with the nuclear-transfer studies, these pivotal experiments established that factors produced in egg cells and differentiated cells are able to direct cell fate by regulating gene expression. Cell identity reprogrammed 2019-10-13T04:00:00Z He notes that the company has since turned to a GalNAc-based strategy that enables more efficient and durable reductions in gene expression, with no safety concerns emerging from studies in animals and people. Pharma’s roller-coaster relationship with RNA therapies 2019-10-15T04:00:00Z One such knob is a chemical modification called methylation, which silences gene expression. Ancient DNA puts a face on the mysterious Denisovans, extinct cousins of Neanderthals 2019-09-19T04:00:00Z The researchers spotted this ability while searching through data on gene expression in tumours. Cancer cells have ‘unsettling’ ability to hijack the brain’s nerves 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z Consequently, eukaryotic cells can regulate gene expression at multiple levels, beginning with control of access to DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z First, the Lyon team developed a profile of how a cell’s gene expression is affected by a flu virus — “a fingerprint of infection”, as Terrier calls it. The push for better flu therapies 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z Over the next several years, researchers began to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie RNAi and the design principles for generating siRNAs that inhibit gene expression effectively. Pharma’s roller-coaster relationship with RNA therapies 2019-10-15T04:00:00Z Together, the results of the two papers increase our understanding not only of how PRC2 affects gene expression and cell function in different settings, but also of mammalian physiology and human disease. Inhibitory protein puts a lid on an epigenetic marker 2019-08-25T04:00:00Z By comparing gene-expression profiles of human and mouse neurons, they reveal a striking conservation of molecularly defined cell types during evolution, but also highlight many key species-specific differences in gene expression within conserved cell types. A recipe book for cell types in the human brain 2019-08-20T04:00:00Z Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells can regulate gene expression at many different levels. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Like mesoderm internalization2, this occurs through a process that is directly regulated by gene expression. Genetics and mechanics combine to guide the embryonic gut 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z They bind to receptor proteins of different families to activate various downstream cell-signalling cascades that regulate the levels of cytoplasmic factors — molecules that control gene expression and, thus, cell function2,3. What makes flatworms go to pieces 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z All of these approaches aim to block YAP- and TAZ-mediated gene expression. Cancer-cell death ironed out 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, showed the greatest divergence in gene expression between humans and mice, suggesting that the role of microglia in neuroimmune disorders might differ considerably between species. A recipe book for cell types in the human brain 2019-08-20T04:00:00Z Two different genes may have the same promoter but different distal control elements, enabling differential gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The researchers have also noted changes in cell proliferation and migration, the formation of neural connections and downstream gene expression, as well as in RNA splicing. Neanderthal clues to brain evolution in humans 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z The authors used a technique called single-cell RNA sequencing to examine gene expression in individual cells in this niche in young and old mice. Infiltration of old brains by T cells causes dysfunction of neural stem cells 2019-07-02T04:00:00Z However, if the anticancer strategy being used aimed to trigger ferroptosis in mesothelioma cells, then YAP- and TAZ-mediated gene expression would be required. Cancer-cell death ironed out 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z Figure 1 | An analysis of mutation status and gene expression in single cells. How mutations express themselves in blood-cell production 2019-07-02T04:00:00Z This could also lead to the increased transcription and aberrant gene expression that is seen in cancer cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z At a conference here last month, researchers discussed evidence that RNA epigenetics is also critical for gene expression and disease, and they described a new chemical modification linked to leukemia. Hidden layer of gene control influences everything from cancer to memory 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z By comparing gene expression between obese mice on a high-fat diet and control animals on a standard one, the researchers identified a subset of neurons that changed most dramatically with the obesity-inducing diet. Sweet, fatty foods could remodel the brain to drive overeating 2019-06-27T04:00:00Z The best-known examples of this are cases in which metabolites provide substrates for enzymes that regulate gene expression by modifying chemical groups attached to DNA or to the histone proteins that bind to DNA. Metabolic signal curbs cancer-cell migration 2019-06-25T04:00:00Z The authors also measured the levels of gene expression in each cell. How mutations express themselves in blood-cell production 2019-07-02T04:00:00Z Many scientists are designing drugs on the basis of the gene expression patterns within individual tumors. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For example, m6A boosts gene expression needed for embryonic stem cells to properly differentiate into different cell types. Hidden layer of gene control influences everything from cancer to memory 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z In April, Yale University stem cell biologist Alejandro De Los Angeles reported that the technique prompted similar gene expression changes in human IPS cells. Embryo experiments take ‘baby steps’ toward growing human organs in livestock 2019-06-26T04:00:00Z However, UDP-Glc instead affects gene expression by physically preventing the interaction between a protein and mRNA. Metabolic signal curbs cancer-cell migration 2019-06-25T04:00:00Z His gene expression mostly returned to its normal state, but not entirely. What the Space Age taught us: Earth is the best of all possible worlds 2019-06-18T04:00:00Z Undoubtedly, more targeted therapies will be developed as scientists learn more about how gene expression changes can cause cancer. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They focused on a system that incorporates proteins called σ factors, which regulate the initiation of gene expression in bacteria. A universal control system for synthetic gene networks 2019-06-18T04:00:00Z The algorithm they created predicts the likelihood that a mutation disrupts a genomic region that controls gene expression. "Noncoding" Mutations May Play Unexpected Key Role in Autism 2019-06-02T04:00:00Z These distinctive patterns of gene expression suggested that the two cell populations might perform non-overlapping functions in vivo. Two types of fibroblast drive arthritis 2019-05-28T04:00:00Z Improvements in the methods for detecting cellular mRNA are helping to provide more-detailed pictures of gene expression in the cells of a particular tissue. Pinpointing a spatial address for RNA profiles in tissues 2019-05-02T04:00:00Z In each cell type, the type and amount of protein is regulated by controlling gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This would suggest a more-complex regulatory mechanism for the system than just differential gene expression of the components. Reconfiguration of a bacterial transport system generates a reverse gear 2019-04-28T04:00:00Z The team also assessed the effects of high-impact mutations on gene expression in cultured cells. "Noncoding" Mutations May Play Unexpected Key Role in Autism 2019-06-02T04:00:00Z Twenty years ago, National Institutes of Health-funded research led to the discovery of RNA interference as a natural pathway to control gene expression in worms and then in other animal cells. Opinion | Federal research is important, but companies turn it into actual treatments 2019-04-11T04:00:00Z The study found that more than 90 percent of Scott Kelly’s gene expression changes reverted to normal when he returned to the surface. NASA Kelly twins study shows harsh effects of space flight and a brutal return to Earth 2019-04-11T04:00:00Z Prokaryotes regulate gene expression with the help of repressors and activators whereas eukaryotes regulate expression by degrading mRNA transcripts, thereby controlling protein levels. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “Space is hard, landing is harder, and you could just see it in his body,” says Mason, who led the gene expression investigation. Scott Kelly’s year in space highlights risks to DNA and brains 2019-04-11T04:00:00Z After Kelly returned to Earth, most of the physiological, gene expression and other changes returned to normal within about six months. Tests on Astronaut and Twin Brother Highlight Spaceflight's Human Impact 2019-04-11T04:00:00Z Again, most gene expression returned to normal back home, but some of the immune-related genes were hyperactive six months later. NASA twins study explores space, the final genetic frontier 2019-04-11T04:00:00Z The full results, published Thursday in the journal Science, showed that Scott Kelly experienced numerous physiological and chromosomal changes during his long sojourn in orbit, including changes in gene expression. NASA Kelly twins study shows harsh effects of space flight and a brutal return to Earth 2019-04-11T04:00:00Z Protein modifications can alter gene expression in many ways. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This is due to their phenotypic plasticity - the capacity of an individual organism to alter its physiology or gene expression in response to changing environmental conditions. Tassie devils 'adapting to coexist with cancer' 2019-03-29T04:00:00Z One approach was to compare total gene expression in cells that were either resistant or susceptible to infection by an artificial virus bearing the bat flu haemagglutinin at its surface. Receptor for bat influenza virus uncovers potential risk to humans 2019-02-19T05:00:00Z The new research shows changes at the cellular level, including changes in gene expression. NASA twin astronauts study finds no flashing red lights for long spaceflight 2019-02-15T05:00:00Z Analysis of gene expression in the intestinal epithelium might also reveal additional pathways that are regulated by IELs. Gut immune cells have a role in food metabolism 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z How can understanding the gene expression pattern in a cancer cell tell you something about that specific form of cancer? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It is increasingly obvious that the genome’s 3D structure plays an important part in regulating gene expression. Technologies to watch in 2019 2019-01-22T05:00:00Z The scientists also looked inside individual neurons from healthy mice and found that, when they added irisin to the cells, gene expression changed in ways that would be expected to lessen damage from beta amyloid. How Exercise May Help Keep Our Memory Sharp 2019-01-16T05:00:00Z These observations raised the possibility that trans interactions influence gene expression. Chromosomes come together to help mice distinguish odours 2019-01-08T05:00:00Z Among the discoveries are elements buried in the genome’s ‘dark matter’ — regions of DNA that do not code for proteins — that seem to regulate gene expression. Daily briefing: Chemist sent mercenaries to save her PhD student from ISIS 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z Understanding gene expression patterns in cancer cells will identify the faulty genes, which is helpful in providing the relevant drug treatment. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They survive the long and convoluted developmental pathways between genes and behavior, pathways that meander through gene expression, proteins and the brain. In the Nature–Nurture War, Nature Wins 2018-12-14T05:00:00Z Dr. Gerstein and his team then integrated those implicated genetic locations with other biological data: Patterns of gene expression from single cells taken from people with a disorder. Mapping the Brain’s Genetic Landscape 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z This type of chromatin is associated with repressed gene expression, and probably helps to prevent the expression of more than one olfactory-receptor gene in each OSN. Chromosomes come together to help mice distinguish odours 2019-01-08T05:00:00Z Among the discoveries are elements buried in the genome’s ‘dark matter’ that seem to regulate gene expression. Huge brain study uncovers ‘buried’ genetic networks linked to mental illness 2018-12-12T05:00:00Z Understanding gene expression will help diagnose tumor cells for antigen therapy. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Unique patterns of gene expression in a module might reveal a nuanced genetic feature of a disease. Genomic data from from 2000 human brains could reveal roots of schizophrenia, autism, and other neurological disorders 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z “The same is true for analyzing gene expression in their brains.” Mapping the Brain’s Genetic Landscape 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z The development and improvement of techniques for analysing gene expression and chromatin conformation in single cells might, in the near future, reveal new examples of 3D genomic structures and functional trans-regulatory interactions. Chromosomes come together to help mice distinguish odours 2019-01-08T05:00:00Z They found that the greatest variation in gene expression occurs during fetal development and adolescence, which are known to be crucial periods for brain development. Huge brain study uncovers ‘buried’ genetic networks linked to mental illness 2018-12-12T05:00:00Z RNA analysis is performed to study gene expression patterns in cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The Neanderthal DNA variants alter gene expression in brain regions involved in planning, coordination and learning of movements. How Neanderthal DNA might have shaped some human brains 2018-12-12T05:00:00Z Others are applying clearing and expansion to DNA and RNA, allowing them to survey gene expression as well as proteins. Transparent tissues bring cells into focus for microscopy 2018-12-03T05:00:00Z These histone modifications are associated with the suppression of gene expression. How cells hush a viral invader 2018-11-27T05:00:00Z Although such molecules show no protein-coding potential, some of them are still capable of regulating gene expression and might contribute to schizophrenia risk in their own right. Huge brain study uncovers ‘buried’ genetic networks linked to mental illness 2018-12-12T05:00:00Z Internal receptors can directly influence gene expression without having to pass the signal on to other receptors or messengers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Biernaskie and his colleagues are now comparing changes in gene expression during wound healing in two anatomical areas of reindeer — skin on their backs, which doesn’t regenerate, and antler velvet, which does. Unlocking the secrets of scar-free skin healing 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z According to analysis and RNA sequencing, the bioreactors altered the gene expression in cells at the amputation site– upregulating genes involved in oxidative stress, serotonergic signaling, and white blood cell activity. Bioreactor device helps regrow legs on frogs 2018-11-17T05:00:00Z Zhu et al. investigated how human cells silence gene expression of viral DNA that is not integrated into the host-cell genome. How cells hush a viral invader 2018-11-27T05:00:00Z This led them to several lncRNAs that they suspect might help to regulate gene expression. Huge brain study uncovers ‘buried’ genetic networks linked to mental illness 2018-12-12T05:00:00Z In prokaryotes, gene expression is regulated primarily at the level of transcription, when DNA is copied into RNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Twenty years later, scientists used a fluorescent protein from jellyfish to track gene expression in nematode worms, and to tag selected molecules in fruit flies2,3. Which biological systems should be engineered? 2018-11-05T05:00:00Z “It’s a more reasonably priced way to try to provide more direct analysis of the effect of variation on gene expression,” says Plon. The clinical code-breakers 2018-10-07T04:00:00Z This type of histone modification usually helps to silence gene expression. How cells hush a viral invader 2018-11-27T05:00:00Z Even so, he emphasizes that this is just the beginning of a long journey to understand how variation in such regions affects gene expression, and how this, in turn, contributes to disease risk. Huge brain study uncovers ‘buried’ genetic networks linked to mental illness 2018-12-12T05:00:00Z However, eukaryotes have evolved regulatory mechanisms in gene expression at multiple levels. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Still to be accomplished are: long-lived gene expression, basic protein trafficking and energy production reminiscent of live cells. Which biological systems should be engineered? 2018-11-05T05:00:00Z The next steps were to prove that the method could faithfully create a record of gene expression and to determine what could be discerned about the cellular environment during the recording period. CRISPR tool puts RNA on the record 2018-10-02T04:00:00Z None of the other diets, including those rich in sugar, led to significant weight gain or changed gene expression in the same way. Which Kinds of Foods Make Us Fat? 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z We must develop standardized analyses of gene expression, including on a cell-by-cell basis, and rigorous assays to establish the precise products of cell differentiation in various tissues. Clear up this stem-cell mess 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z Although genetic differences between species and between individuals within a species are often responsible for phenotypic differences, another mechanism that can create phenotypic differences is differences in gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But even more interestingly, the mutations were in genes that encode histones — the spool-like proteins around which DNA is wound, which regulate gene expression and lie at the centre of the burgeoning field of epigenetics. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z One project looks at how gene expression and the production of metabolites change as the disease progresses through two phases of assault. Searching for Chocolate's Roots, and Enemies, in Colombia's Wilderness 2018-09-15T04:00:00Z This ambitious quest sought to completely analyze the gene expression patterns and DNA sequence of several human cancers and make the data publicly available for scientists to study. Why Is Glioblastoma, the Cancer That Killed John McCain, So Deadly? 2018-08-27T04:00:00Z To precisely classify these cells, the scientists then analyzed their gene expression. Mysterious new brain cell found in people 2018-08-27T04:00:00Z Even among humans, identical twins can possess different birthmarks, wrinkles, or other features that arise during development sometimes due to differential gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Whereas the lysine is modified chemically — by the addition or removal of a methyl group — to regulate gene expression, the methionine is not. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z These data allowed scientists to investigate alterations in DNA regions that regulate gene expression, and in untranslated parts of gene sequences. Sequence of events in prostate cancer 2018-08-23T04:00:00Z Researchers are seeking ways to deliberately alter gene expression in hopes of finding preventives or treatments for diseases like diabetes with a strong genetic component. What Twins Can Teach Us About Nature vs. Nurture 2018-08-20T04:00:00Z Supposedly identical cell lines were actually far from identical — there were differences in their genomes, gene expression, morphology and, importantly, drug sensitivity. Reading between the lines 2018-08-14T04:00:00Z The control of gene expression is extremely complex. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This effect leads to widespread changes in histone structure and, therefore, to more extensive changes in DNA organization and gene expression. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z In biology, gene expression is probably the ultimate example of a complex system, with more than 20,000 genes orchestrating the functions of human tissues. Technique to measure the expression dynamics of each gene in a single cell 2018-08-07T04:00:00Z The genomics revolution was spurred by the development of techniques to measure messenger RNA levels for every gene3,4 and thus to profile gene expression across the genome. Profile of an unknown airway cell 2018-07-31T04:00:00Z Shao et al. show that this stability reflects the fact that there are only modest changes to the intrachromosomal interactions that usually take place, which can modulate gene expression. Yeast chromosome numbers minimized using genome editing 2018-07-31T04:00:00Z Therefore, in prokaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is mostly at the transcriptional level. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As such, the combination of early gene expression coupled with later environmental cues might jointly determine the cells’ final identity and connectivity. Developing neurons are innately inclined to learn on the job 2018-07-22T04:00:00Z Biologists face an operational problem when trying to understand the dynamic changes in gene expression that occur as cells age, differentiate or become diseased. Technique to measure the expression dynamics of each gene in a single cell 2018-08-07T04:00:00Z As such, they were limited to producing a profile of average gene expression among all the cells in a population analysed. Profile of an unknown airway cell 2018-07-31T04:00:00Z Most of the observed increases in gene expression can be explained by there being fewer genes located near telomeres, which promote transcriptional silencing4. Yeast chromosome numbers minimized using genome editing 2018-07-31T04:00:00Z The regulation of gene expression is discussed in detail in subsequent modules. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Yao and colleagues analysed gene expression in cancer cells to identify genes whose expression decreased as a result of PI3K inhibition. Leukaemia follows a blood-vessel track to enter the nervous system 2018-07-17T04:00:00Z This prohibits analysis over time and so provides only a snapshot of gene expression. Technique to measure the expression dynamics of each gene in a single cell 2018-08-07T04:00:00Z Changes in gene expression towards more arterial-like profiles occurred only gradually along most of the spectrum. Coronary artery development, one cell at a time 2018-07-03T04:00:00Z An intracellular effector domain is cleaved from Notch following ligand binding, and moves to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. Self-organizing multicellular structures designed using synthetic biology 2018-07-01T04:00:00Z A variety of intercellular and intracellular signal transmissions mediate gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They examined gene expression in seven types of solid tumors—including breast, stomach, and liver cancers—and traced the ancestry of the active genes they found. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z Figure 1 | Measuring dynamic changes in gene expression across complex tissues. a, As messenger RNA matures, sections of the immature transcript are removed — a process called splicing. Technique to measure the expression dynamics of each gene in a single cell 2018-08-07T04:00:00Z Over the past several years, epigenetics — the study of heritable changes in gene expression — has contributed to groundbreaking insights into how male’s pre-conconception health impacts the baby. New research suggests fit fathers make for healthier babies 2018-06-17T04:00:00Z The researchers next built a circuit to generate differential gene expression in a population of cells that was initially identical — a process that mimics cell differentiation. Self-organizing multicellular structures designed using synthetic biology 2018-07-01T04:00:00Z Consequently, the level of control of gene expression can also differ quite dramatically between genes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The epigenome is a record of molecular imprints of potent experiences, including cannabis exposure, that lead to persistent changes in gene expression and behavior, even across generations. Legalizing marijuana is fine. But don’t ignore the science on its dangers. 2018-05-25T04:00:00Z This is because most of the mRNA molecules in each cell are lost in the attempt to sequence them, leaving researchers with only a patchy picture of gene expression. Technique to measure the expression dynamics of each gene in a single cell 2018-08-07T04:00:00Z These data support the long-held assumption that the human immune system deteriorates with age because of cell-to-cell variations in gene expression. Single-cell approaches to immune profiling 2018-05-21T04:00:00Z “My personal opinion is that exercise is probably much more important” than mental stimulation for altering brains and gene expression and potentially even the aptitudes of one’s offspring, Dr. Fischer says. Do Fathers Who Exercise Have Smarter Babies? 2018-05-09T04:00:00Z As with the epigenetic and transcriptional stages of processing, this post-transcriptional step can also be regulated to control gene expression in the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They experience less maternal stress, which has been shown to negatively impact the fetus’s epigenetics, or gene expression. Children of the Opioid Epidemic 2018-05-09T04:00:00Z The researchers then analysed RNA sequences and gene expression for each of those regions, generating a map that the team named the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas. A map for fatal brain tumour may aid cures 2018-05-10T04:00:00Z To monitor gene expression level along the T. urartu chromosomes in the three organs, we applied a window shift size of 5 Mb in a customized perl script. Genome sequence of the progenitor of wheat A subgenome Triticum urartu 2018-05-08T04:00:00Z The primary goal: to sequence DNA and RNA from their white blood cells and search for possible changes in gene expression. Two mountaineers are trying to recreate NASA’s twin study—on Mount Everest 2018-05-04T04:00:00Z One way to control gene expression, therefore, is to alter the longevity of the protein. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Now, researchers from that project are trying to replicate that work planet-side to see whether the differences in gene expression were due to extreme stress or were specific to being in space. The twins climbing Mount Everest for science, and the fractal nature of human bone 2018-05-03T04:00:00Z Supplementary Table 1 contains a summary sheet followed by 8 sheets with gene expression data and GO analysis related to Figure 3. Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells 2018-05-01T04:00:00Z How the fruit manages to affect the cells’ gene expression after exercise is still not known, he said. Bananas are a good workout fuel, study finds — if you don’t mind the gas 2018-04-29T04:00:00Z Sebat’s team was especially interested in the parts of noncoding DNA that regulate gene expression. Autistic children may inherit DNA mutations from their fathers 2018-04-19T04:00:00Z A variety of intercellular and intracellular signal transmissions mediate gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z How the fruit manages to affect the cells’ gene expression after exercise is still not known, however, he says. Bananas vs. Sports Drinks? Bananas Win in Study 2018-04-04T04:00:00Z Supplementary Table 2 contains a summary sheet followed by 3 sheets with gene expression data and GO analysis related to Figure 4. Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells 2018-05-01T04:00:00Z Non-adaptive plasticity potentiates rapid adaptive evolution of gene expression in nature. Ghalambor et al. reply 2018-03-27T04:00:00Z Non-adaptive plasticity potentiates rapid adaptive evolution of gene expression in nature. Is plasticity caused by single genes? 2018-03-27T04:00:00Z A variety of intercellular and intracellular signal transmissions mediate gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Still, he acknowledged that manipulating gene expression is useful for trying to piece together details of structures that are hard to visualize. Insects Flew Before Anything Else Did. So How Did They Get Their Wings? 2018-03-26T04:00:00Z His speculations concerned the regulation of gene expression, the channels through which proteins crossed membranes and the pores that are the gateway into the cell’s nucleus. Günter Blobel (1936–2018) 2018-03-22T04:00:00Z “What researchers did observe are changes in gene expression, which is how your body reacts to your environment. This likely is within the range for humans under stress, such as mountain climbing or scuba diving.” Despite what you may have heard, astronauts Mark and Scott Kelly are still twins 2018-03-16T04:00:00Z Scientists studying Scott found that much of his gene expression changed while in space, and about 93 percent of his expression levels went back to normal when he got home. No, space did not permanently alter 7 percent of Scott Kelly’s DNA 2018-03-15T04:00:00Z Researchers have been investigating how to control the transcriptional activation of gene expression in cancer. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Here we report a multi-tissue gene expression resource that represents the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of modern inbred maize, and includes transcriptomes in an average of 255 lines in seven tissues. Dysregulation of expression correlates with rare-allele burden and fitness loss in maize 2018-03-13T04:00:00Z It initiates changes in gene expression that cause microglia — immune cells in the brain — to change shape1. How flashing lights and pink noise might banish Alzheimer’s, improve memory and more 2018-02-27T05:00:00Z For example, CNN initially wrote that spending a year in space “transforms your genes” before updating Thursday to say it “transforms your gene expression.” Despite what you may have heard, astronauts Mark and Scott Kelly are still twins 2018-03-16T04:00:00Z And changes to gene expression are not that surprising. No, space did not permanently alter 7 percent of Scott Kelly’s DNA 2018-03-15T04:00:00Z Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus whereas prokaryotes do not, and eukaryotes show greater compartmentalization that allows for greater regulation of gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z We mapped expression quantitative trait loci and characterized the contribution of rare genetic variants to extremes in gene expression. Dysregulation of expression correlates with rare-allele burden and fitness loss in maize 2018-03-13T04:00:00Z “Changes in gene expression may also carry the signatures of the cause of death,” he says. Changes in gene activity may one day reveal the time of death for crime victims 2018-02-13T05:00:00Z More specifically, it describes how gene expression is regulated and what genes are expressed in an organism. The Olympic Motto, Cellular Memories and the Epigenetic Effects of Doping 2018-02-12T05:00:00Z The new work shows that the overlap among risk variants is related to the commonality in their gene expression patterns. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z Noncoding regions of DNA may be involved in regulating gene expression, and other sequences once considered “junk” may play an important role in genome evolution. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z By analysing this gene expression resource and exploiting the extreme diversity and rapid linkage disequilibrium decay of maize6, we characterize the effect of rare alleles and evolutionary history on the regulation of expression. Dysregulation of expression correlates with rare-allele burden and fitness loss in maize 2018-03-13T04:00:00Z For another control, they also looked at cortical gene expression in 197 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which should help exclude general disease processes shared by non–central nervous system conditions. Major mental illnesses unexpectedly share brain gene activity, raising hope for better diagnostics and therapies 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues. Asparagine bioavailability governs metastasis in a model of breast cancer 2018-02-06T05:00:00Z The researchers found that the gene expression signatures in the autism brains overlap with those of both the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder brains. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z Studying changes in gene expression could provide information about the transcription profile in the presence of the drug, which can be used as an early indicator of the potential for toxic effects. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A burden of rare variants associated with extremes of gene expression in human peripheral blood. Dysregulation of expression correlates with rare-allele burden and fitness loss in maize 2018-03-13T04:00:00Z Differential gene expression between sensory neocortical areas: potential roles for Ten_m3 and Bcl6 in patterning visual and somatosensory pathways. Teneurin-3 controls topographic circuit assembly in the hippocampus 2018-02-06T05:00:00Z In a genetic background sensitized by reduced baseline expression of the target gene, even single enhancer deletions caused limb abnormalities, suggesting that functional redundancy is conferred by additive effects of enhancers on gene expression levels. Enhancer redundancy provides phenotypic robustness in mammalian development 2018-01-30T05:00:00Z In 2016, a different team also found that autism shares a gene expression signature with schizophrenia. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z Exaptation occurs when gene expression provides a function that is independent of the selection pressures that have acted on the gene. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Josephs, E. B., Lee, Y. W., Stinchcombe, J. R. & Wright, S. I. Association mapping reveals the role of purifying selection in the maintenance of genomic variation in gene expression. Dysregulation of expression correlates with rare-allele burden and fitness loss in maize 2018-03-13T04:00:00Z Combined single-cell functional and gene expression analysis resolves heterogeneity within stem cell populations. From haematopoietic stem cells to complex differentiation landscapes 2018-01-23T05:00:00Z But Chitwood’s study showed that gene expression in the unicellular seaweed varies in ways that echo gene expression in similar structures in multicellular plants—suggesting that the dividing cell needn’t always dictate morphology. The Lost Art of Looking at Plants 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z The analysis revealed that autism, schizophrenia and bipolar brains show low levels of gene expression in three modules characteristic of neurons. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z Serotonin receptors are located on the cell membranes of neurons and activate second messenger cascades that regulate gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The relationship among gene expression, the evolution of gene dosage, and the rate of protein evolution. Dysregulation of expression correlates with rare-allele burden and fitness loss in maize 2018-03-13T04:00:00Z But Chitwood’s study showed that gene expression in the unicellular seaweed varies in ways that echo gene expression in similar structures in multicellular plants — suggesting that the dividing cell needn’t always dictate morphology. The lost art of looking at plants 2018-01-22T05:00:00Z But he says this painstaking research to quantify differences in neurochemistry among primates is important, especially as researchers study differences in gene expression in the brain. Dopamine may have given humans our social edge over other apes 2018-01-22T05:00:00Z Geschwind and his team are exploring how the gene expression patterns relate to neuronal activity. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z This, in turn, determines the amount of corresponding protein that is synthesized by altering gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Now, a study of gene expression in early pregnancy, when the embryo implants in the uterus, suggests that placental mammals evolved the ability to turn an inflammatory attack on the embryo into an advantage. Armadillo, Hedgehog and Rabbit Genes Reveal How Pregnancy Evolved 2018-01-10T05:00:00Z Here we show that mouse TRM precursor cells represent a unique CD8+ T cell subset that is distinct from the precursors of circulating memory cell populations at the levels of gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Runx3 programs CD8+ T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues and tumours 2017-12-05T05:00:00Z However, in line with another recent study by Raghanti and another team on gene expression, humans had dramatically more dopamine in their striatum than apes. Dopamine may have given humans our social edge over other apes 2018-01-22T05:00:00Z They next analysed gene expression in cells deficient in lncRNA-ACOD1 and identified changes in the expression of many metabolic genes, suggesting that this lncRNA indirectly affects virus replication by modulating host metabolism. Viruses hijack a long non-coding RNA When the population density of the bacteria reaches a certain level, specific gene expression is initiated, and the bacteria produce bioluminescent proteins that emit light. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Their fat tissue also showed a slight increase in the gene expression of a substance that helps to reduce inflammation. How Exercise Can Make for Healthier Fat 2017-12-06T05:00:00Z Table including residuals of single worm gene expression after correcting for germline and soma developmental stage. Maternal age generates phenotypic variation in Caenorhabditis elegans 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z Both activate receptors in the cell nucleus that regulate gene expression. Drug development: Sprint finish Stem cell gene expression programs influence clinical outcome in human leukemia. BCAT1 restricts αKG levels in AML stem cells leading to IDHmut-like DNA hypermethylation 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Bacteria produce chemical signals that detect population density and regulate gene expression, a phenomenon called quorum sensing. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Comparison of gene expression patterns between mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver tissues from patients. Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Integration profile of retroviral vector in gene therapy treated patients is cell-specific according to gene expression and chromatin conformation of target cell. Regeneration of the entire human epidermis using transgenic stem cells 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Bacterial quorum sensing is a strategy for regulating gene expression that orchestrates collective group behaviour. Progress in and promise of bacterial quorum sensing research 2017-11-14T05:00:00Z Refinement of tools for targeted gene expression in Drosophila. Ultra-selective looming detection from radial motion opponency 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Signal transmission within and between plant cells mediates gene expression. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For example, cultured cells exhibit rhythmic oscillations in gene expression where there is no input from the master clock. Daytime wounds heal more quickly than those suffered at night 2017-11-08T05:00:00Z Selective and regulated gene expression in murine Purkinje cells by in utero electroporation. Kctd13 deletion reduces synaptic transmission via increased RhoA 2017-10-31T04:00:00Z Whitehead, A. & Crawford, D. L. Variation within and among species in gene expression: raw material for evolution. Genetic variation in glia–neuron signalling modulates ageing rate 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Others are looking for epigenetic alterations associated with the disease — changes in the number or types of chemical tag, such as methyl groups, that attach to specific sites in DNA and influence gene expression. Diagnostics: A flow of information 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Pavlov, M. Y. & Ehrenberg, M. Optimal control of gene expression for fast proteome adaptation to environmental change. A global resource allocation strategy governs growth transition kinetics of Escherichia coli 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z Combinatorial effects of multiple enhancer variants in linkage disequilibrium dictate levels of gene expression to confer susceptibility to common traits. Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci 2017-10-22T04:00:00Z Cohesin-based chromatin interactions enable regulated gene expression within preexisting architectural compartments. Two independent modes of chromatin organization revealed by cohesin removal 2017-09-26T04:00:00Z In this case, the study authors say, differences in gene expression over the course of a day may cause a person’s heart to heal more quickly in the afternoon than in the morning. Why Heart Surgery May be Better in the Afternoon 2017-10-27T04:00:00Z Just this year, researchers led by Andres Cardenas at Harvard University found mercury in the red blood cells of cord blood impacts the PON1 gene expression in little boys but not girls through childhood. Why Does Autism Impact Boys More Often Than Girls? 2017-10-23T04:00:00Z Subsequently, we built the linear model between gene expression levels and overall editing levels, taking into consideration the expression level of ADAR1 as an additional variable. Dynamic landscape and regulation of RNA editing in mammals : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z The authors showed that cis-eQTLs tend to alter gene expression in most tissues examined. Human genomics: Cracking the regulatory code : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z We also tested the relationship between outlier gene expression and functional annotations. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z They did so for more than 1,000 PDX samples representing 24 cancer types, often extrapolating gene copy number from data on gene expression. Cancer-genome study challenges mouse 'avatars' 2017-10-08T04:00:00Z PON1 gene expression is required to produce the enzyme we all need to break down organophosphate pesticide residues found in our food supply. Why Does Autism Impact Boys More Often Than Girls? 2017-10-23T04:00:00Z After all, hundreds if not thousands of factors influence gene expression. New Clues to How Neanderthal Genes Affect Your Health 2017-10-05T04:00:00Z A collection of papers catalogues the associations between genetic variation and gene expression in healthy tissues – the largest analysis of this kind so far. Human genomics: Cracking the regulatory code : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z Overall, we demonstrate that rare variants contribute to large gene expression changes across tissues and provide an integrative method for interpretation of rare variants in individual genomes. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z This revealed that while cells from OCT4-targeted embryos were progressing towards the transcriptional state of the blastocyst, they were more dispersed and heterogeneous in their gene expression. Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human embryogenesis : Nature : Nature Research 2017-09-19T04:00:00Z Minor spoilers for Star Trek: Discovery below In the show, Burnham claims that the code is confusing due to it dealing with quantum astrophysics, biochemistry, and gene expression. Starfleet still runs Microsoft Windows on Star Trek: Discovery 2017-10-03T04:00:00Z More than 1 million 'catalogues' of gene expression, known as transcriptome profiles, in humans are now freely available for investigation. Diagnosis: Frontiers in blood testing : Nature : Nature Research 2017-09-26T04:00:00Z Most of the variants that affect gene expression are located within a few kilobases of the affected gene, and are dubbed cis-eQTLs. Human genomics: Cracking the regulatory code : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z Tissues are hierarchically clustered by gene expression. c, Estimated replication rate of multi-tissue outliers in a constant held-out set of tissues for different sets of discovery tissues. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z In the future, it would be informative to determine whether OCT4 mutation leads to changes in gene expression before the blastocyst stage, which may explain the failure of blastocyst development. Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human embryogenesis : Nature : Nature Research 2017-09-19T04:00:00Z Niakan's team found that human embryos stopped growing earlier than mouse embryos lacking the protein and showed different patterns of gene expression. CRISPR used to peer into human embryos' first days 2017-09-19T04:00:00Z Many of the methylation patterns correspond with known patterns of gene expression in specific types of neurons. Method that Maps DNA Tags Reveals New Types of Neurons 2017-09-18T04:00:00Z Their findings underscore the importance of rare variation in determining gene expression. Human genomics: Cracking the regulatory code : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z In summary, by combining data across multiple tissues, we curated a set of gene expression outliers that replicated at higher rates and showed stronger enrichment of rare variants than those from any single tissue. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z However, the mechanisms that pattern the human embryo are unclear, because of a lack of methods to efficiently perturb gene expression of early lineage specifiers in this species. Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human embryogenesis : Nature : Nature Research 2017-09-19T04:00:00Z Hi-C details the DNA loops and structural domains that influence gene expression, and can even help to piece together complex genomes. Plot a course through the genome 2017-09-04T04:00:00Z The researchers found that these stem cells release molecules called microRNAs, which help to regulate gene expression, into the cerebrospinal fluid. Brain's Stem Cells Slow Ageing in Mice 2017-07-26T04:00:00Z Second, although the GTEx analyses represent the most comprehensive tissue set catalogued so far, all tissues consist of many cell types, which probably contributes to the observed variation in gene expression. Human genomics: Cracking the regulatory code : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z We refer to these individuals as gene expression outliers. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z The abnormal gene expression impairs the formation of synapses so severely as to cause “structural havoc” in the brain’s wiring, Goldman and his colleagues wrote. Mice Show Signs of Mental Disorder After Injections of Cells from Schizophrenia Patient 2017-07-21T04:00:00Z But the candidates that control gene expression only emerged in the genetic studies. Using Big Data to Hack Autism 2017-07-06T04:00:00Z Third, bioinformaticians will need to develop scalable and robust algorithms to cope with greater numbers of cells, conflicting or overlapping programs of gene expression and fleeting developmental stages. Immunology, one cell at a time 2017-07-02T04:00:00Z The consequences of genetic variation on gene expression are gradually becoming clearer. Human genomics: Cracking the regulatory code : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z Next, we sought to prioritize rare variants in each individual genome by their predicted impact on gene expression. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z Bulk analyses typically investigate how gene expression differs between two or more treatment conditions. Single-cell sequencing made simple 2017-07-02T04:00:00Z “Either the enzyme is acting at near optimal efficiency or something fishy is going on here,” tweeted Matthew Taliaferro, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT who studies gene expression and genetic disease. CRISPR controversy raises questions about gene-editing technique 2017-06-03T04:00:00Z And in 1995 it reported creating petunias with more stable gene expression—and a vivid orange color—fit for commercial breeding. How the transgenic petunia carnage of 2017 began 2017-05-24T04:00:00Z This technique allows the researchers to generate a comprehensive catalogue of associations between genetic variation and gene expression across many tissues in many individuals. Human genomics: Cracking the regulatory code : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z Tissues are hierarchically clustered by gene expression. c, Estimated replication rate of multi-tissue outliers in a constant held-out set of tissues for different sets of discovery tissues. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z To analyse differences in gene expression, says Aaron Lun, a computational biologist at Cancer Research UK in Cambridge, bulk RNA-seq is “pretty much a solved problem”. Single-cell sequencing made simple 2017-07-02T04:00:00Z To do so, she and her colleagues examined how gene expression in brain tissue varied between men and women. Cells that trim brain connections are linked to autism 2017-05-10T04:00:00Z The boost in brain function was linked to an apparent restoration of gene expression in the brain to more youthful levels. Daily dose of cannabis extract could reverse brain's decline in old age, study suggests 2017-05-08T04:00:00Z Testing for genetic effects on gene expression at a higher resolution in individual cells using single-cell processing technologies will help to distil the signal. Human genomics: Cracking the regulatory code : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z To assess the information gained by incorporating gene expression data in the prediction of functional rare variants, we applied a simplified supervised approach to a limited dataset. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z Although it has become increasingly clear that genome looping regulates gene expression, possibly contributing to cell development and diseases such as cancer, the predictions of the models go beyond what anyone has ever seen experimentally. DNA's secret weapon against knots and tangles In subsequent analyses, she and other researchers grouped the brain samples by age and found that the biggest difference in microglial gene expression between males and females occurs in the months before birth. Cells that trim brain connections are linked to autism 2017-05-10T04:00:00Z To quantify gene expression levels, the number of reads mapped to the exons of each RefSeq gene was calculated. A distinct role for Lgr5+ stem cells in primary and metastatic colon cancer : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z It is unclear what mechanisms preserve information despite cellular turnover, which might reflect variations in immediate early gene expression that help time-stamp individual memories26, 27, 28, 29. Neural ensemble dynamics underlying a long-term associative memory : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z Modification of methyl groups attached to DNA alters gene expression, and mutations that deregulate this methylation are common in some leukaemias. Cancer therapy: The leukaemia epigenome targeted : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z The researchers exposed resting T cells to fluorescently tagged HIV in the lab, and searched for differences in gene expression between cells infected by the marked virus, and those that weren’t. Hidden HIV reservoirs exposed by telltale protein 2017-03-14T04:00:00Z But the team found no clear pattern of autism gene expression that separated men from women. Cells that trim brain connections are linked to autism 2017-05-10T04:00:00Z If genes are the notes on a keyboard, those molecules act as volume controls — regulators of gene expression. Years of Ethics Charges, but Star Cancer Researcher Gets a Pass 2017-03-08T05:00:00Z These data are piling up in community databases and offer information on gene expression and regulation. Don’t let useful data go to waste 2017-02-27T05:00:00Z These analyses have uncovered many recurrent mutations in epigenetic regulator proteins, which modulate gene expression by altering the 3D structure of chromosomes. Cancer therapy: The leukaemia epigenome targeted : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z Here, the mark seemed to be involved in silencing gene expression. An epigenetics gold rush: new controls for gene expression 2017-02-21T05:00:00Z Based on their profound impact on gene expression, or how instructions within a gene are manifested, addressing these factors will likely remain fundamental in preventing these illnesses. Personalized medicine may do more to treat rather than prevent chronic diseases 2017-02-21T05:00:00Z "I am arguably the world's expert on how the synthetic history and protein complements of mRNPs contribute to gene expression." This mysterious $2 billion biotech is revealing the secrets behind its new drugs and vaccines 2017-02-01T05:00:00Z DNA methylation — the reversible addition of a chemical marker to DNA that can affect gene expression — decreased in Scott during flight and increased in Mark over the same period, Feinberg says. Astronaut twin study hints at stress of space travel 2017-01-25T05:00:00Z This DNA hypermethylation leads to changes in gene expression that promote the proliferation of long-lived TET2-mutant haematopoietic stem cells, and disrupt their differentiation into various types of blood cell, thereby promoting AML. Cancer therapy: The leukaemia epigenome targeted : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z Fritz Rottman, an organic chemist at Michigan State University in East Lansing, was trying to understand the role of RNA in regulating gene expression when he stumbled across a methyl group on adenine. An epigenetics gold rush: new controls for gene expression 2017-02-21T05:00:00Z In many bacteria, such as C. botulinum and E. coli, Rho is a global regulator of gene expression, meaning that it can control the activity of many genes. Prion-like protein spotted in bacteria for the first time 2017-01-11T05:00:00Z This might allow researchers to track a cell's gene expression or exposure to environmental chemicals over time. Five big mysteries about CRISPR’s origins 2017-01-11T05:00:00Z Measurements taken before, during and after Scott Kelly’s mission reveal changes in gene expression, DNA methylation and other biological markers that are likely to be attributable to his time in orbit. Astronaut twin study hints at stress of space travel 2017-01-25T05:00:00Z The resulting means of triplicate NO values, representing initial concentrations of a target and reference gene, were used to analyse gene expression. Genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash trees : Nature : Nature Research 2016-12-25T05:00:00Z For another, called GRIN1, childhood stress can lessen its gene expression and impair learning. How Gene Editing Could Ruin Human Evolution 2017-01-09T05:00:00Z The authors link the rejuvenation to epigenetic remodelling — changes in the chemical marks on DNA that do not alter its sequence but influence gene expression. Ageing: Genes that make mice youthful : Nature : Nature Research 2016-12-20T05:00:00Z Sontheimer adds that it creates an enticing parallel with the discovery of RNA interference, a system that silences gene expression in plants, animals and other non-prokaryotic organisms. Five big mysteries about CRISPR’s origins 2017-01-11T05:00:00Z It seems that environmental factors or epigenetics — changes to gene expression that do not alter the genetic code — may explain the different outcomes, even for people with the same genetic make-up. Aetiology: Neighbourhood watch : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-29T05:00:00Z Likewise, the gene expression estimates for the British Screening Panel exhibited wider ranges and were more favourable in terms of their expected effect on damage scores. Genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash trees : Nature : Nature Research 2016-12-25T05:00:00Z Gut microbes and the fatty acids they produce can regulate gene expression by influencing the 3D shape of their hosts' DNA. Epigenetics: Gut microbes shape DNA : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-29T05:00:00Z After 3 months, the researchers drew blood samples from the monkeys, purified five different types of immune cells, and measured gene expression across their entire genomes. Climbing the social ladder can strengthen your immune system, monkey study suggests 2016-11-24T05:00:00Z RNA interference was also primarily thought of as a defence mechanism early on, and it was only later that researchers noticed its role in regulating host gene expression. Five big mysteries about CRISPR’s origins 2017-01-11T05:00:00Z Owing to the peculiar architecture of neurons, it is a challenge for these cells to alter local gene expression at the synapse in response to neuronal input or changes in the synaptic environment. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z They found that illuminating the plant shoot altered gene expression in the roots, even when they prevented light from shining through the soil. Plant biology: Plants transmit light down stems : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z They found that gut microbes mediate chemical changes to histone proteins, which in turn regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and altering its 3D conformation. Epigenetics: Gut microbes shape DNA : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-29T05:00:00Z The researchers then measured how gene expression changed in response to the infection. Neanderthal DNA affects ethnic differences in immune response 2016-10-19T04:00:00Z Superimposed on these global trends are local gene family expansions and the alteration of gene expression patterns. Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-18T04:00:00Z Genetic variation in and of itself doesn't dictate gene expression. The 4 Traits That Put Kids at Risk for Addiction 2016-09-29T04:00:00Z Life stressors, the researchers wrote, “may embed epigenetically and alter gene expression almost permanently.” How Childhood Traumas Affect Aging 2016-10-03T04:00:00Z His lab, which studies how changes in gene expression influence motor neuron disease and other neural conditions, includes scientists from Spain, Italy, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. London super-lab opens under cloud of Brexit 2016-08-31T04:00:00Z This is a medication that is currently in development that works by interfering with gene expression, the study authors said. 3 Drugs Identified to Potentially Fight Zika Virus 2016-08-29T04:00:00Z |
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