Share your thoughts on carnitine supplements below.

在下面的评论区中分享你对肉毒碱补充剂的看法。

Some vegetarian volunteers, given carnitine pills but spared the steak, showed similar results.

有些素食志愿者在服用左旋肉碱药片却未食用牛排后，表现出了类似的结果。

It seems that whatever amount of carnitine your body can produce already is sufficient in maximizing its benefits.

看来，无论你的身体能产生多少肉毒碱，都足够它最大限度地发挥自己的功效。

That suggests the vegan's particular gut flora—adapted to his usual meat-free diet—did not contain species that can digest carnitine.

这表明素食者特殊的肠道菌群――适应了他的无肉饮食――不含有可消化左旋肉碱的种类。

For everyone else though, granted you eat enough protein, carnitine supplementation gets a certified “SKIP” in my book.

在我看来，对于其他人来说，如果你摄入了足够的蛋白质，就绝对不需要肉毒碱补充剂了。

Research on power output shows very little improvement with carnitine supplementation.

对功率输出的研究表明，补充肉毒碱对功率输出的改善很小。

The mismatch in question revolves around a molecule called carnitine.

疑问的焦点集中于一种称为左旋肉碱的分子。

That does not absolve cholesterol of blame—on the contrary, carnitine boosts cholesterol's pernicious effect.

这并未免除了胆固醇的罪责，恰恰相反，左旋肉碱大大助长了胆固醇的害处。

You would think that it will be smart to supplement carnitine to maximize concentration, thus maximize its benefits.

你可能会认为最大限地摄取肉毒碱是明智的做法，这样就能最大限度地发挥它的功效。

The one factor which you assume would certainly improve based on carnitine's role in mitochondrial fatty acid transport is fat loss.

基于肉碱在线粒体脂肪酸运输中的作用，你认为肯定会改善的一个因素是脂肪减少。

This diet resulted in high levels of both carnitine and TMAO in the volunteers' blood.

该食谱使得志愿者血液中的左旋肉碱和TMAO都处在高水平。

He found there was indeed an association between heart disease and carnitine, but only when TMAO levels were also high.

他发现，心脏疾病与左旋肉碱确有关联，但只有高TMAO水平时才会发生。

So the other thing about TMAO to know is that certain types of gut bacteria metabolize choline and carnitine into TMAO whereas others don't.

另外需要了解的是，某些肠道菌群可将胆碱和左旋肉碱代谢成氧化三甲胺，另一些肠道菌群则不能。

To find out whether all this matters, Dr Hazen looked at the association between heart disease and levels of carnitine and TMAO in more than 2,500 people.

为了确认所有这一切正是问题的关键，Hazen博士调查了2500多人，以寻找心脏疾病与左旋肉碱和TMAO水平之间的关联。

Although our body can produce its own carnitine, dietary carnitine consumption has shown to increase carnitine concentration in the body.

虽然我们的身体可以自己产生肉毒碱，但摄入的肉毒碱证实了会增加体内肉毒碱的浓度。

Experiments in mice confirmed the broader hypothesis: TMAO production relies on microbes that digest carnitine, and prolonged consumption of that chemical by susceptible mice leads to atherosclerosis.

产生TMAO需要能消化左旋肉碱的细菌参与，易患病的老鼠如果长期食用左旋肉碱会导致动脉粥样硬化。

Carnitine supplements can still be beneficial, but only in populations that might suffer from carnitine deficiencies, particularly those on a vegan or vegetarian diet, those on an extreme calorie deficit, or the elderly.

肉毒碱补充剂仍然是有益的，但只适用于可能患有肉毒碱缺乏症的人群，特别是那些素食者，那些极度缺乏热量的人，或老年人。

Regardless of the details, though, this study suggests that people looking for the link between heart disease and the eating of meat have been ignoring two culprits, carnitine and bacteria.

虽然细节存疑，该研究也表明，人们长久以来一直在寻找心脏疾病与肉食之间的关联，却忽略了两个祸首：左旋肉碱与细菌。

But when the same people were given antibiotics to kill their gut microbes, a subsequent steak meal produced little TMAO, even though their carnitine levels went even higher than before. Production of TMAO, then, seems to need bacteria.

但当同一组志愿者服用抗生素杀死肠道微生物后，之后的牛排大餐仅仅产生了少量的TMAO，即使左旋肉碱水平比之前更高了。这说明生产TMAO需要细菌参与。