Since the circulatory system is a closed loop, cardiac output and venous return are equal.

由于循环系统是闭环，心输出量和静脉回流血量是相等的。

And again, just like with neural controls, these hormonal controls work by changing vessel resistance and cardiac output.

同样，就像神经控制一样，这些荷尔蒙控制通过改变血管阻力和心输出量来工作。

In theory, this means that any change in resistance or cardiac output would also change blood pressure.

理论上，这意味着任何阻力或心输出量的变化也会改变血压。

So, with a little algebraic rearranging, you can see that blood pressure equals blood flow, or cardiac output, times resistance.

通过一些代数的重新排列，你可以看到血压等于血流量，或者心输出量，乘以阻力。

Because of this the kidneys get about a quarter of the cardiac output which is blood getting pumped out of the left ventricle.

因此，肾血流量约占心输出量（左心室输出量）的1/4。

This is also called cardiac output, and it's determined by the blood volume pumped during one beat, and the number of beats per minute.

这也被称为心输出量，它是由一次跳动中泵出的血量决定的，每分钟跳动的次数。

Larger pericardial effusions, those over 100ml of fluid, can cause diminished heart sounds, and can even diminish cardiac output leading to shortness of breath, low blood pressure, and lightheadedness.

超过100毫升的大量心包积液可使心音减弱，甚至会降低心输出量，导致呼吸困难、低血压与头晕。

T3 increases cardiac output, stimulates bone reabsorption thinning out the bones and then activates the sympathetic nervous system, the part of the nervous system responsible for our fight-or-flight response.

T3还会引起心输出量增高，刺激骨骼再吸收，引起骨骼变薄并激活交感神经系统；交感神经系统主管着“战或逃”反应。

Cardiac output (CO) is the term used to show the amount of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle.

心输出量（CO）是用于显示每个心室每分钟泵血量的术语。

Therefore, we see that the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, which increases cardiac output.

因此，我们看到交感神经系统会增加心率，从而增加心输出量。

These hormones raise both the heart rate and the blood volume, and therefore cardiac output, while also constricting vessels in less essential regions, increasing the overall resistance, and therefore pressure.

这些激素提高心率和血容量，从而提高心输出量，同时也收缩不太重要区域的血管，增加整体阻力，从而增加压力。

We previously learned that cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle.

我们先前了解到，心输出量是每个心室每分钟泵出的血液量。

We also see that the parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate, which decreases cardiac output.

我们还看到副交感神经系统降低了心率，从而降低了心输出量。

There are three important factors that affect mean arterial pressure: cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and blood volume.

心输出量，总外周阻力和血容量。

Mean arterial pressure is influenced by three main factors, including cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and blood volume.

平均动脉压受三个主要因素影响，包括心输出量，总外周阻力和血容量。

Therefore, if something increases or decreases the heart rate or stroke volume, it will increase or decrease the cardiac output, respectively.

因此，如果某因素增加或降低了心律或每博输出量，则将分别增加或降低心输出量。

In the opposite way, the parasympathetic nervous system can decrease the heart rate, which decreases the cardiac output.

副交感神经系统以相反的方式，可以降低心率，从而降低心输出量。

Cardiac output equals the number of heartbeats per minute times the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each heartbeat.

心输出量等于每分钟心跳次数乘以每次心跳从心室泵出的血液量。

When heart rate and stroke volume increase, we see an increase in cardiac output.

当心率和每博输出量增加时，我们发现心输出量增加。

If your body needs more blood, then your heart will increase the cardiac output.

如果身体需要更多的血液，则心脏会增加心输出量。