Staph saprophyticus can also form adherent biofilms on medical implants, typically the indwelling urinary catheters.

腐生葡萄球菌还可以在医疗植入物上，通常是留置导尿管上，形成粘附的生物膜。

An absence of biofilms means fouling will never get going in the first place.

没有生物膜意味着从一开始就不会产生污垢。

It can also colonize indwelling medical devices, where it forms biofilms.

它还可以在留置的的医疗器械上定植，并形成生物膜。

Additionally, indwelling medical devices should be removed and replaced when there is suspicion of biofilms.

此外，当怀疑有生物膜形成时，应拆除并更换留置的医疗设备器械。

But in reality, microbes gather by the millions to form vast communities known as biofilms.

但实际上，微生物以数百万计地聚集，形成一种叫做生物膜的巨大组织。

To see how biofilms come about, let's watch one as it develops on a submerged river rock.

为了了解生物膜如何产生，我们以一个生长在河石上的生物膜为例。

But out in the world, including our bodies, bacteria often exist packed together in dense communities called biofilms.

但在包括我们体内的现实世界，细菌通常拥挤地生存在被称为“生物膜”的聚集体中。

They moved more slowly, and were more likely to form biofilms, slimy microbial communities that are hardier than individuals.

它们移动速度较慢，更容易形成菌膜，是比个体更坚韧的粘稠微生物群体。

The mutations thus also make it harder for the bacteria to stick together into the biofilms associated with illness.

这种变异继而也令细菌难以集体粘在与疾病相关的生物膜上。

The glue and the microbes form these biofilms that hold soil particles together.

胶水和微生物形成了这些将土壤颗粒结合在一起的生物膜。

Tiffany Prest, Arcadia's manager, notes that a few naturally occurring helpful biofilms are already known.

阿卡迪亚的经理蒂芙尼·普雷斯特指出，一些自然产生的有用生物膜是已知的。

But microbodies and biofilms are made up of complex chemicals.

但是微体和生物膜是由复杂的化学物质组成的。

Microbes and their biofilms also play a big role in soil carbon sequestration.

微生物及其生物膜在土壤固碳中也起着重要作用。

But because biofilms often contain many different microbes that aren't closely related to each other, interactions can also be competitive.

但是，生物膜常常包含不同种类的微生物，它们之间关联并不紧密，有时会互相竞争。

And thanks to their ability to grow, biofilms should be much easier to maintain than manufactured coatings.

由于生物膜具有生长能力，因此比制造的涂层更容易维护。

Not to mention, biofilms are normal and flavor enhancing parts of many of the foods we enjoy, including cheese, salami, and kombucha.

更不用说，我们享用的许多美食，也需要生物膜的参与，包括奶酪、意大利香肠、以及红茶菌。

But mucus contains mucins, antimicrobial peptides, antibodies, and even bacteria-hungry viruses called bacteriophages that all work together to prevent biofilms from forming.

但黏液中包含黏蛋白，抗菌肽，抗体，还有能吞噬细菌的病毒，叫做噬菌体。这些成分协同作用防止生物膜的生成。

That gives plenty of time for biofilms to accumulate on the hull, which can cut a glider's speed by up to 90%.

这使得生物膜有足够的时间在船体上积聚，从而使滑翔机的速度降低高达 90%。

Besides killing individual bacteria, some of the sugars also broke down biofilms, a slimy protective network of bacteria that are stuck together with some organic goop.

除了杀死单个细菌外，一些糖还分解了生物膜，这是一种粘稠的细菌保护网络，与一些有机粘稠物粘在一起。

The oral microbiota is found in saliva, the surface of gum tissue and teeth, and in biofilms which are basically layers of goop-like material made of exopolysaccharides or EPS within which bacteria survive in a quiescent or slow-growing state.

口腔微生物群存在于唾液、牙龈组织和牙齿表面及生物膜中；生物膜是种主要由胞外多糖（EPS）组成的黏液状物质；细菌在其中处于静止或者缓慢增长状态。