Puncture wounds are usually anaerobic and warm, and are therefore optimal for growth of Clostridium tetani.

刺伤通常产生缺氧且温暖的伤口环境，也成为了破伤风梭菌的最佳培养基。

Spores of Clostridium tetani are most often introduced into the body through penetrating trauma, like a puncture wound.

破伤风梭菌的芽孢最常通过穿透性损伤进入人体，如刺伤。

Instead, the offending bacterium, known as Clostridium tetani, infects the body through cuts and abrasions.

相反，这种名为破伤风梭菌的有害细菌会通过割伤和擦伤感染人体。

And newborn babies are especially at risk if their mothers are unvaccinated, as Clostridium tetani can infect a newborn's umbilical stump.

如果母亲未接种疫苗， 新生儿面临的风险尤其大，因为破伤风梭菌可以感染新生儿的脐带残端。

One example is tetanus: its symptoms are not caused by the Clostridium tetani bacterium, but by a neurotoxin it produces (tetanospasmin).

一个例子是破伤风：它的症状不是由破伤风梭菌引起的， 而是由它产生的一种神经毒素（破伤风痉挛素）引起的。

When doing a Gram stain, Clostridium tetani stains purple— or gram positive— and it's a bacillus, meaning that it looks like a big cylinder or rod under the microscope.

革兰氏染色中，破伤风梭菌显紫色（革兰氏染色阳性），呈棒状：显微镜下外观像一个巨大的圆柱体或棒子。

Clostridium tetani bacteria are often found in soil, manure, and dead leaves, where they can survive for years in the form of spores, even amidst extreme heat and dryness.

破伤风梭菌常见于土壤、粪便和枯叶中，即使在极端炎热和干燥的环境中，它们也能以孢子的形式存活数年。