This cartelization generated some efficiencies as smaller, less efficient refineries were closed down, but its principal effect was to reduce competition among refineries and increase their market power against the railroads.

这种卡特尔化导致了一些效率的提升，因为规模较小、效率较低的炼油厂被关闭，但其主要影响是减少了炼油厂之间的竞争，并增加了它们对铁路的市场影响力。

I have endeavoured, in the fourth book, to explain as fully and distinctly as I can those different theories, and the principal effects which they have produced in different ages and nations.

在第四本书中， 我已竭力尽可能全面而清晰地解释这些不同的理论， 以及它们在不同时代和国家产生的主要影响。

In the mean time, one of the principal effects of those discoveries has been, to raise the mercantile system to a degree of splendour and glory which it could never otherwise have attained to.

与此同时，这些发现的主要影响之一是，将商业体系提升到一种它永远无法达到的辉煌和荣耀的程度。