To make the brain organoids, Stanford University scientists changed human skin cells into stem cells.

为了制造大脑类器官，斯坦福大学的科学家将人类皮肤细胞转变为干细胞。

The organoids happily churned out the chemical components of enamel.

类器官愉快地分泌出了牙釉质的化学成分。

These organoids are very small structures similar to human organs.

这些类器官是与人体器官相似的非常小的结构。

Scientists transplanted those organoids into baby rats that were two to three days old.

科学家将这些类器官移植到两到三天大的幼鼠体内。

But the organoids mimic human brains only so far.

但类器官目前模仿人类大脑的程度有限。

The research builds upon the team's earlier work creating brain " organoids."

这项研究建立在该团队早期创造大脑“类器官”的工作基础上。

Neurons from the organoids formed working connections with the brain.

类器官中的神经元与大脑形成了工作连接。

So to do this, we took brain organoids and put them in a special incubator.

为此， 我们将大脑类器官放入一个特殊的培养箱中。

They are wiring their organoids into rats brains and not only that.

他们正在将他们的类器官连接到老鼠的大脑中，不仅如此。

The most exciting kind are called organoids.

最令人兴奋的一种被称为类器官。

Those cells then grew in number to form organoids that resemble the cerebral cortex, the human brain's outermost layer.

之后这些细胞数量不断增加，从而形成类似于大脑皮层的类器官，大脑皮层是人类大脑的最外层。

These clumps of neural tissue are known as brain organoids.

这些神经组织团块被称为脑类器官。

Without it, the organoids can never form a functional network.

没有它，类器官永远无法形成功能网络。

When we put two brain organoids together, we discovered something really fascinating.

当我们将两个大脑类器官放在一起时，我们发现了一些非常有趣的东西。

They infected 6 of these organoids with Zika and left 6 uninfected.

他们用寨卡病毒感染了这些类器官中的 6 个，剩下 6 个未被感染。

To do this, we've created three organoids.

为此， 我们创建了三个类器官。

In 2018, he and a team of researchers found that transplanted human brain organoids could be integrated into the brains of adult mice.

2018年，他和一组研究人员发现，移植的人类大脑类器官可以融合到成年老鼠的大脑中。

Plus, the brain organoids infected with dengue still grew almost normally.

此外，感染登革热的大脑类器官仍几乎正常生长。

Enter brain organoids, which function like human brains but aren’t part of an organism.

进入脑类器官， 它们的功能类似于人脑，但不是生物体的一部分。

Assembloids are essentially blocks of tissue that we build in a dish from multiple organoids put together.

组装体本质上是组织块，我们将多个类器官放在一起在一个盘子中构建。