Vaping has been associated with a higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

吸电子烟的人可能更易患上哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病。

Chronic bronchitis is actually lumped under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (or COPD), along with emphysema.

慢性支气管炎与肺气肿同属于慢性阻塞型肺疾病（COPD、慢阻肺）。

Lung transplants are done mostly for chronic lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, or COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

肺移植主要用于治疗慢性肺部疾病，如肺纤维化、囊性纤维化或慢性阻塞性肺疾病。

So alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can lead to both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.

因此α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症可导致肺气肿和慢支，而肺气肿和慢支是慢阻肺（COPD）中的2种类型。

Hathaway moved in with his mother, Kandy, who was gravely ill with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and on oxygen 24 hours a day.

海瑟薇搬到母亲坎迪那里居住，坎迪患有严重的慢性阻塞性肺病，每天要24小时吸氧。

This narrows the airways making it difficult to breathe, and this is why asthma is considered to be a type of obstructive pulmonary disease.

呼吸道变窄，难以呼吸，这就是为什么哮喘被认为是一种阻塞性肺病。

The changes in the lungs that cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease result in shortness of breath, as well as wheezing, mucus production, and a chronic cough.

肺部病变导致COPD，出现气短、哮鸣音、痰多、慢性咳嗽。

In terms of treatment, augmentation therapy is where you replace alpha-1 antitrypsin in the blood, although this doesn't cure the disease, so other therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease like supplemental oxygen are often needed as well.

治疗方面，增强疗法就是替换血中α-1抗胰蛋白酶，然而治标不治本，因此通常也需要其他像是补氧等针对COPD的治疗方案。