New Granada, the Yucatan, Paraguay, and the Brazils, were, before discovered by the Europeans, inhabited by savage nations, who had neither arts nor agriculture.

新格拉纳达、尤卡坦、巴拉圭和巴西， 在被欧洲人发现之前， 居住着既没有艺术也没有农业的野蛮民族。

In 1813, for example, MacGregor volunteered in the New Granada army, only to be assigned to a remote border town and miss Bolivar's Admirable Campaign and founding of the Second Venezuelan Republic.

例如，1813年，麦格雷格尔志愿加入新格拉纳达军队，结果却被分配到一个偏远的边境城镇参加玻利瓦尔的“可敬运动”，并建立了委内瑞拉第二共和国。

After a few months he moved on to the port of Cartagena in New Granada, which remained independent from Spain but had broken up into a number of competing governments.

几个月后，他前往新格拉纳达的卡塔赫纳港，该港仍然独立于西班牙， 但已分裂为多个相互竞争的政府。