Staph saprophyticus can also form adherent biofilms on medical implants, typically the indwelling urinary catheters.

腐生葡萄球菌还可以在医疗植入物上，通常是留置导尿管上，形成粘附的生物膜。

Therefore, upper UTI shares a lot of the same risk factors as lower UTI: things like female sex, sexual intercourse, indwelling catheters, diabetes mellitus, and urinary tract obstruction.

因此，上尿路感染的危险因素很多都与下尿路感染相同，比如说女性易患、性交、留置导尿管、糖尿病和尿路阻塞。