In 1940, two other scientists, Howard Florey (Australian) and Ernst Chain (German-born English), helped solve these problems, and managed to make and test the new drug in large quantities.

在1940年，另外两位科学家，澳大利亚人霍华德·弗洛里和德裔英国人恩斯特·钱恩帮助解决了这些问题，并设法大批量制作和测试这款新药物。