| 单词 | skeletal muscle |
| 例句 | Ebola Zaire attacks every organ and tissue in the human body except skeletal muscle and bone. The Hot Zone 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z And rhabdomyolysis, by the way, is the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, which can lead to nasty complications like kidney damage. The year in synthetic drugs 2012-12-26T17:48:00Z Once carbohydrate stores in the body are exhausted, glucose starts being produced in limited amounts from other sources, including protein from skeletal muscle and byproducts of fat breakdown. Ketone drinks: Do they really improve sports performance? 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z Warmth and cold receptors are located in the dermis, skeletal muscles, liver and an area of the brain known as the hypothalamus. Ever wondered about your sense of touch? 2016-06-24T04:00:00Z She added, "It plays an important part in forming and maintaining soft and skeletal muscle tissue, bone and mucus membranes." Eating pumpkin may help you look younger and lose weight, experts say 2021-10-15T04:00:00Z While skeletal muscle only generates a certain amount of force when required, the heart is meant to beat continuously. New evidence explains how warming-up enhances muscle performance 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z According to Well and Good, climbing stairs daily can help lower the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, lower blood pressure, and improve balance and skeletal muscles. Study: Climbing 5 flights of stairs a day may reduce heart disease risk 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z Females also tend to have a greater number of estrogen receptors on their skeletal muscles compared with males. The Theory That Men Evolved to Hunt and Women Evolved to Gather Is Wrong 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z Researchers use the mouse as a model organism to study the structure and function of skeletal muscle, neuromuscular diseases and aging processes in muscle. Win-win in muscle research: Faster results and fewer laboratory animals thanks to new method 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z Unlike in skeletal muscles, in the cell membrane of the heart muscle are finger-like discs that conduct the undulation required for pumping. Same genes behind heart muscle disorders in humans and Dobermanns 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z The discovery that some muscle proteins act as a temperature sensor may lead to a new hyperthermia strategy, in which skeletal muscle performance is improved by warming up the muscle. New evidence explains how warming-up enhances muscle performance 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z This resulted in the reconstruction of skin and skeletal muscle transcriptomes from an extinct species for the first time. RNA for the first time recovered from an extinct species 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z Cells are triggered to turn into skeletal muscle, fat and connective tissues. Questions answered on meat grown from animal cells: Is it really meat and how is it made? 2023-06-22T04:00:00Z The hypothalamus is the control center for both normal body temperature homeostasis and febrile response.The skeletal muscle, sweat glands, and blood vessels are are all effectors. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Figure 16.17 The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Next, using muscle proteins and advanced microscopy, the research team wanted to determine how temperature affects skeletal muscle: do skeletal muscles have similar temperature sensitivity, or are they different from the muscles of the heart? New evidence explains how warming-up enhances muscle performance 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z German researchers last spring reported that “by stimulating the skeletal muscle in a certain way, we can make use of this cross talk and improve health.” For longevity, muscle strength may be as important as aerobic exercise 2023-01-29T05:00:00Z This configuration is typical of skeletal muscles, bones, and joints in humans and other vertebrates. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The movements of the eye are no exception, but they have special advantages not shared by skeletal muscles and joints, and so are considerably different. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Notice that skeletal muscle cells are long and cylindrical, they have multiple nuclei, and the small, dark nuclei are pushed to the periphery of the cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z "Basically, the skeletal muscle that moves our body around is more sensitive to heating than the heart." New evidence explains how warming-up enhances muscle performance 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z Figure 24.18 Smooth muscle cells do not have striations, while skeletal muscle cells do. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Most skeletal muscles exert much larger forces within the body than the limbs apply to the outside world. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Veins have low blood pressure compared to arteries and need the help of skeletal muscles to bring blood back to the heart. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Skeletal muscle tissue forms skeletal muscles, which attach to bones and sometimes the skin and control locomotion and any other movement that can be consciously controlled. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Most of his patients were children, including one of his first, a 9-year-old boy named Steven, whose skeletal muscles were rapidly wasting away. Leon E. Rosenberg, Geneticist Who Wrote of His Depression, Dies at 89 2022-08-05T04:00:00Z Glycogen is a polymeric form of glucose and is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Of course, during vigorous exercise, the energy consumption of the skeletal muscles and heart increase markedly. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The somatic has voluntary control of skin, bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Because it can be controlled intentionally, skeletal muscle is also called voluntary muscle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Dr. Wagers’s lab found that GDF11 rejuvenated skeletal muscle tissue, too. Can a ‘Magic’ Protein Slow the Aging Process? 2022-07-19T04:00:00Z In the presence of excess blood glucose, fatty acids are synthesized and stored in skeletal muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z What are the benefits of having most skeletal muscles attached so close to joints? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated at each cell by nervous impulses that releases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, creating action potentials along the cell membrane. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The cells of skeletal muscle are long and tapered and have multiple nuclei on the periphery of each cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This part of the palate, known as the soft palate, is composed mainly of skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Under what circumstance would glycogen storage in skeletal muscle prove beneficial for a rabbit? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z He cited “issues related to body size, airway size, hand size, foot size, perhaps bone density and so forth, but I think the main thing is just the interactions of exercise training and skeletal muscle.” Lia Thomas: Losing out to a transgender athlete is ‘no different’ than losing to a female 2022-05-31T04:00:00Z All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are stimulated by the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Figure 16.18 A skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by a plasma membrane called the sarcolemma, with a cytoplasm called the sarcoplasm. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Beneath its mucous membrane covering, each half of the tongue is composed of the same number and type of intrinsic and extrinsic skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The cerebellum helps coordinate skeletal muscle activity, and the medulla oblongata and pons in the brainstem are centers for vital functions, such as breathing and heart rate. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In rare cases, statins are known to cause a severe muscle condition called rhabdomyolysis, in which skeletal muscle tissue is destroyed, leading to serious complications. Do Statins Really Cause Muscle Aches? 2021-05-10T04:00:00Z For most skeletal muscles, contraction occurs as a result of conscious effort originating in the brain. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The striated appearance of skeletal muscle tissue is a result of repeating bands of the proteins actin and myosin that occur along the length of myofibrils. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Block-like structures called somites form on either side of the tube, eventually differentiating into the axial skeleton, skeletal muscle, and dermis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Sensory neurons transmit sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscle, and sensory organs to the CNS. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When the mice were examined 6 months later, between 20% and 60% of their bone, skeletal muscle, liver, heart, and aorta carried the DNA fix. ‘Incredible’ gene-editing result in mice inspires plans to treat premature-aging syndrome in children 2021-01-06T05:00:00Z The muscular system includes skeletal muscles, as well as tendons that connect skeletal muscles to bones. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Cardiomyocytes are distinctive muscle cells that are striated like skeletal muscle but pump rhythmically and involuntarily like smooth muscle; adjacent cells are connected by intercalated disks found only in cardiac muscle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z These are skeletal muscles, so-named because most of them move the skeleton. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When a threshold signal is detected, nerves of the somatic nervous system that innervate skeletal muscle are stimulated. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The relationship is anchored through the diaphragm, the only organ in the body that is skeletal muscle designed for voluntary movement. Vision and Breathing May Be the Secrets to Surviving 2020 2020-11-16T05:00:00Z Figure 1 illustrates the histology of skeletal muscle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z While the nervous system can influence the excitability of cardiac and smooth muscle to some degree, skeletal muscle completely depends on signaling from the nervous system to work properly. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Glucagon raises blood glucose levels, eliciting what is called a hyperglycemic effect, by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in skeletal muscle cells and liver cells in a process called glycogenolysis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Using this ink alone, the researchers measured skin hydration and the electrical activity of heart and skeletal muscles. New Pen-and-Ink Method Draws Health Sensors Directly on Skin 2020-08-18T04:00:00Z Cardiac muscles are shorter than smooth or skeletal muscle cells, and each cell has one nucleus. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Arteries have thinner wall layers and valves and move blood by the action of skeletal muscle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The best-known feature of skeletal muscle is its ability to contract and cause movement. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They also accelerate the breakdown of glucose in skeletal muscles and stored fats in adipose tissue. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Every four hours while I’m awake, I use pyridostigmine, a drug approved for myasthenia gravis — an autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in skeletal muscles. Pains, chills, fatigue, vomiting and vertigo plague me. Small fiber neuropathy causes it all. 2020-06-26T04:00:00Z The hypothalamus will stimulate skeletal muscles to shiver and constricting blood vessels. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z When viewed under a microscope, skeletal muscle tissue has a striped or striated appearance. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Each skeletal muscle is an organ that consists of various integrated tissues. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are approximately 650 skeletal muscles in the human body, each of which is composed of muscle fibers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “The skeletal muscles from the leg were working more forcefully in animals that received the treatments in the heart,” says Marbán. Inside the stem-cell pharmaceutical factory 2020-06-16T04:00:00Z Cardiac muscles are shorter than smooth or skeletal muscle cells, and each cell has one nucleus. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They also accelerate the breakdown of glucose in skeletal muscles and stored fats in adipose tissue, and redirect blood flow toward skeletal muscles and away from skin and viscera. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Except for the hypertrophy that follows an increase in the number of sarcomeres and myofibrils in a skeletal muscle, the cellular changes observed during endurance training do not usually occur with resistance training. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 29.33 The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle, visualized here using light microscopy. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In this disorder, patients have episodes of sudden weakness in the skeletal muscles of the body. The Boy Slumped to the Floor. Could These Be Seizures? 2020-06-03T04:00:00Z There are three general types of muscle contractions, matching the types of muscles: skeletal muscle contractions, heart muscle contractions, and smooth muscle contractions. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z “We were able to correct the mutation in skeletal muscle,” he says5. Got mutation? ‘Base editors’ fix genomes one nucleotide at a time 2019-11-17T05:00:00Z Although smooth muscle contraction relies on the presence of Ca++ ions, smooth muscle fibers have a much smaller diameter than skeletal muscle cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is striated, but unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cannot be consciously controlled and is called involuntary muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In terms of the broader roles of this modification, lactate is generated by cells both in physiological contexts — such as in skeletal muscle during exercise — and in the context of diseases such as cancer. Histone lactylation links metabolism and gene regulation 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z A study in mice shows that injecting mRNA into skeletal muscle leads to production of the protein encoded by the RNA1. RNA therapies explained 2019-10-15T04:00:00Z Cells from skeletal muscle are used to seed a sheet of tissue designed to help heal damaged heart muscle. The potent effects of Japan’s stem-cell policies 2019-09-24T04:00:00Z Contraction in each cardiac muscle fiber is triggered by Ca++ ions in a similar manner as skeletal muscle, but here the Ca++ ions come from SR and through voltage-gated calcium channels in the sarcolemma. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 29.34 A skeletal muscle cell is surrounded by a plasma membrane called the sarcolemma with a cytoplasm called the sarcoplasm. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Among the sex-linked traits she cites as advantages for male athletes are more skeletal muscle, less fat and larger hearts with higher cardiac output. Mary Gregory, transgender powerlifter, stripped of world records 2019-05-15T04:00:00Z Our skeletal muscles make myoglobin, a single globin protein ancestral to hemoglobin, which helps muscle hang on to a reserve of oxygen to use during exercise. Icefish Study Adds Another Color to the Story of Blood 2019-05-06T04:00:00Z Dysfunction in other organs, including the lungs, kidneys and skeletal muscles, is also likely to contribute to the symptoms of the disease. A mouse model for the most common form of heart failure 2019-04-09T04:00:00Z The nucleus of each contributing myoblast remains intact in the mature skeletal muscle cell, resulting in a mature, multinucleate cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The Z discs mark the border of units called sarcomeres, which are the functional units of skeletal muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Could beet juice enhance the heart’s ability to deliver oxygen-carrying blood, and help keep the skeletal muscle strong, in such patients? Beet juice gains traction as an evidence-based aid for athletes 2019-03-22T04:00:00Z This kind of death is caused by a condition called capture myopathy, which occurs when overworked skeletal muscles — the ones that power the fight-or-flight response — start to break down and release a protein called myoglobin. Capturing wild animals for study can stress them to death. Is it worth it? 2019-03-13T04:00:00Z The treatments only target skeletal muscle and not the smooth muscle of the organs. High-tech treatments reshape patient options for body contouring | Provided by Glow Medispa 2019-02-13T05:00:00Z Satellite cells help to repair skeletal muscle cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron, which conducts signals from the brain or spinal cord to the muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As we grow older, our skeletal muscles tend to wither and weaken, a phenomenon known as sarcopenia. A Rare Disease Won’t Keep This Mountain Man Off the Trails 2018-12-15T05:00:00Z Subcutaneous fat Skin’s deepest layer is sandwiched between the dermis and skeletal muscles. Superpowered skin 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z They are joined by hundreds of skeletal muscles, which can be commanded to run marathons, to perform music, to write, to speak. How to Control a Machine with Your Brain 2018-11-19T05:00:00Z What would happen to skeletal muscle if the epimysium were destroyed? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Involuntary muscles can be controlled by an individual’s will, such as skeletal muscles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z I, like many people past 50, have a condition called sarcopenia — a decline in skeletal muscle with age. Preventing Muscle Loss Among the Elderly 2018-09-03T04:00:00Z So the team enlisted a helper: a harmless adeno-associated virus that preferentially infects skeletal muscle and heart tissue. Gene editing of dogs offers hope for treating human muscular dystrophy 2018-08-30T04:00:00Z Compared with wild-type newborns, the mutants showed lower bone density, lower levels of subcutaneous fat and immature intestines and skeletal muscle. Role for the longevity protein SIRT6 in primate development 2018-08-21T04:00:00Z What are the five primary functions of skeletal muscle? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Because veins have to work against gravity to get blood back to the heart, contraction of skeletal muscle assists with the flow of blood back to the heart. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Strengthening all your skeletal muscles, not just the neglected ones, just may keep you from landing in the emergency room or nursing home after a fall. Preventing Muscle Loss Among the Elderly 2018-09-03T04:00:00Z SARMs were designed to selectively target skeletal muscle and spare other tissues, in an attempt to reduce some of these unwanted side effects. A Better Body in a Pill? Experts Urge Caution on SARMs 2018-04-12T04:00:00Z The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z How would muscle contractions be affected if skeletal muscle fibers did not have T-tubules? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Blood primarily moves in the veins by the rhythmic movement of smooth muscle in the vessel wall and by the action of the skeletal muscle as the body moves. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Our study in an animal model found that influenza infection leads to an increase in the expression of muscle-degrading genes and a decrease in expression of muscle-building genes in skeletal muscles in the legs. How the flu hijacks your body to make you feel so wretched 2018-02-16T05:00:00Z Muscular dystrophy actually refers to a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles. Morgan Hoffmann returns to the PGA Tour happy and grateful after revealing his MS battle - Golf Digest 2018-01-09T05:00:00Z Our survey of the editing landscape in mammals revealed unusually low editing in skeletal muscle. Dynamic landscape and regulation of RNA editing in mammals : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z What causes the striated appearance of skeletal muscle tissue? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Because skeletal muscle contraction aids in venous blood flow, it is important to get up and move frequently after long periods of sitting so that blood will not pool in the extremities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Evidence from one recent study even suggests that skeletal muscles may be involved—at least in mice. You don’t need a brain to sleep. Just ask jellyfish 2017-09-21T04:00:00Z A muscle cell might be a skeletal muscle cell, the kind you use to walk or lift a cup. A Speedier Way to Catalog Human Cells (All 37 Trillion of Them) 2017-08-17T04:00:00Z The different brain regions clustered together, as did heart and skeletal muscle. Dynamic landscape and regulation of RNA editing in mammals : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z The educated class of subsequent societies studied Latin and Greek, and therefore the early pioneers of anatomy continued to apply Latin and Greek terminology or roots when they named the skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z During exercise, blood is diverted to the skeletal muscles through vasodilation while blood to the digestive system would be lessened through vasoconstriction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A few developed life-threatening rhabdomyolysis, a rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, often caused by overexertion. How the Death of a Muslim Recruit Revealed a Culture of Brutality in the Marines 2017-07-06T04:00:00Z "We really wanted to get a handle on the basic properties of chimpanzee skeletal muscle - and find out whether they were different from those of human muscle," he explained. Chimps' strength secrets explained - BBC News 2017-06-26T04:00:00Z Injuries to skeletal muscles are common in competitive sport, particularly football, where they account for 30% of all injuries. Measuring muscle gap 'helps players back on their feet' - BBC News 2017-06-22T04:00:00Z Anatomists name the skeletal muscles according to a number of criteria, each of which describes the muscle in some way. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The pumping of the heart is a function of cardiomyocytes, distinctive muscle cells that are striated like skeletal muscle but pump rhythmically and involuntarily like smooth muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Saiga antelope, however are on a par with humans, with their skeletal muscle containing 31,500 calories. Prehistoric cannibalism not just driven by hunger, study reveals 2017-04-06T04:00:00Z Along with cardiac muscle and smooth muscle, skeletal muscle is one of the three main muscle types, and is mostly found attached to bones via the bundles of collagen known as tendons. Chimps' strength secrets explained - BBC News 2017-06-26T04:00:00Z Values are relative to undifferentiated human skeletal muscle progenitor cells. LACTB is a tumour suppressor that modulates lipid metabolism and cell state : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z The skeletal muscle’s anatomical location or its relationship to a particular bone often determines its name. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Phosphofructokinase deficiency occurs when a person lacks an enzyme needed to perform glycolysis in skeletal muscles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Only this time he would take the field after playing only two games since last November, when he had surgery to repair a fracture to a skeletal muscle in his thigh. Crippled by injuries, U.S. looks to past for help in the present 2017-03-20T04:00:00Z Computer simulations suggest that these differences increase the maximum dynamic force and power-producing capacity of chimp skeletal muscle by a factor of 1.35 compared with a human muscle of a similar size. Chimps' strength secrets explained - BBC News 2017-06-26T04:00:00Z Values are relative to undifferentiated human skeletal muscle progenitor cells. LACTB is a tumour suppressor that modulates lipid metabolism and cell state : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z There are three flat skeletal muscles in the antero-lateral wall of the abdomen. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Like skeletal muscle, it has cross striations in its cells, but cardiac muscle has a single, centrally located nucleus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Kate, from Jacksonville Beach, Florida, was there to continue treatment for cancer - rhabdomyosarcoma, an aggressive form that attacks skeletal muscle tissue primarily. Ohio State’s Urban Meyer, Florida girl share special bond 2016-11-25T05:00:00Z Similar to most neurodegenerative diseases, it starts focally and spreads: symptoms that start as subtle cramping or weakness in the limbs or bulbar muscles progress to the paralysis of almost all skeletal muscles. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z The study authors took skeletal muscle biopsies from both legs before and after and found that the cells in the muscles expressed over 3,000 genes in different ways after a person exercised. Why Getting Back in Shape is So Hard 2016-09-22T04:00:00Z Following integration of that information with other cognitive processes and sensory information, the brain sends a command back down to the spinal cord to initiate a motor response by controlling a skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Excess ATP is combined with excess glucose and stored as glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The accelerated approval was based on findings that the drug helped increase skeletal muscle in some patients, the FDA said. FDA OKs 1st Drug to Treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 2016-09-19T04:00:00Z Getting this architecture right was critical to making cardiac cells do the work of skeletal muscles, says Andrew McCulloch, a bioengineer at the University of California, San Diego, who was not involved with the work. Robotic stingray powered by light-activated muscle cells 2016-07-07T04:00:00Z "It involves changes at the cellular level. You are literally building heart muscle, skeletal muscle, bone, aerobic enzymes, mitochondria and other tissues, cells and chemicals. Your training program needs to respect that." 6 Things You Need to Know Before Running Your First Marathon 2016-04-29T04:00:00Z The fibers that cause contraction of skeletal muscles are the axons of these neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z IGFs stimulate the uptake of amino acids from the blood, allowing the formation of new proteins, particularly in skeletal muscle cells, cartilage cells, and other target cells, as shown in Figure 28.13. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Flakka users who experience excited delirium often suffer a breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue and kidney failure. Flakka’s Devastating Impact on South Florida and What Families Can Do About It 2016-02-25T05:00:00Z Bioengineers from the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine in North Carolina crafted the ear along with a jawbone, skull bone and skeletal muscle using what they call an “integrated tissue and organ printing system.” It’s Possible to Grow a 3-D Printed Ear on a Mouse’s Back 2016-02-22T05:00:00Z These cells develop inside bioreactor tanks into skeletal muscle that can be harvested in between nine and 21 days, Mr. Valeti said. Sizzling Steaks May Soon Be Lab-Grown 2016-02-01T05:00:00Z Motor axons connect to skeletal muscles of the head or neck. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 28.13 Growth hormone directly accelerates the rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and bones. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It enables a person to control computer devices by reading the electricity produced by their skeletal muscles and then sending these signals wirelessly via Bluetooth to the device. The tech giving people power to rise above disability - BBC News 2016-01-28T05:00:00Z His skeletal muscles were atrophying and ALS was one of the bigger things they were kicking around. For Ryan Coogler, making 'Creed' was deeply personal 2016-01-05T05:00:00Z Researchers analyzed biopsied skeletal muscle from four untrained, healthy males, following ten minutes of high intensity exercise. ‘Exercise in a bottle,’ scientists working on pill that mimics effects of working out 2015-10-03T04:00:00Z Motor fibers are axons of motor neurons in motor nuclei of the brain stem and target skeletal muscles of the head and neck. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver and skeletal muscles to break down glycogen and by stimulating glucose release by liver cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Major body organs, including the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, kidneys and heart are where most energy is consumed. Air-conditioning: Why might women feel temperature differently to men? - BBC News 2015-08-04T04:00:00Z Some evidence suggest that for sports that require high levels of strength or power, like weightlifting, age-related limitations may reside in our skeletal muscles, those muscles that move our bones and joints. How Aging Affects Athletic Performance 2015-07-11T04:00:00Z People with diabetes regulate their blood sugar levels by injecting insulin, which allows the sugar in the blood to be absorbed into skeletal muscles and fat tissues. 'Smart' insulin beats the regular kind in diabetic mice 2015-02-09T05:00:00Z What two changes does adrenaline bring about to help the skeletal muscle response? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, earthworms move by waves of muscular contractions of the skeletal muscle of the body wall hydrostatic skeleton, called peristalsis, which alternately shorten and lengthen the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Although skeletal muscle is a well-known factor that controls strength, researchers at Ohio University's Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute investigated how the brain affects strength development. The Mind May Be a Muscle Booster 2015-01-12T05:00:00Z Not only do these cells decline with age, but so do the cells that support the repair and growth of skeletal muscles in response to exercise decline. How Aging Affects Athletic Performance 2015-07-11T04:00:00Z In striated muscle, in the heart as well as skeletal muscles, alpha-actinin holds the layers at regularly spaced intervals over huge distances. Protein 'key to heart muscle defect' 2014-11-29T05:00:00Z Coordination of the skeletal muscles for convergence and coordination of the smooth muscles of the ciliary body for accommodation are referred to as the accommodation–convergence reflex. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Skeletal muscle tissue forms skeletal muscles, which attach to bones or skin and control locomotion and any movement that can be consciously controlled. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Every two hours they looked at samples from the kidney, liver, lung, adrenal gland, aorta, brainstem, cerebellum, brown fat, white fat, heart, hypothalamus, lung and skeletal muscle. Body has 'rush hour' transformation 2014-10-27T04:00:00Z The scientists looked at adrenal glands, aorta, brain stem, brown fat, cerebellum, heart, hypothalamus, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscles, and white fat. New Research Shows Your Body Clock May Influence How Many Drugs Work 2014-10-27T04:00:00Z Rudnicki’s lab focuses on the role that stem cells play in skeletal muscle regeneration and repair after injury. Canadian Stem Cell Experts Gather For Till-McCulloch 2014 2014-10-27T04:00:00Z These strength tests are common for the skeletal muscles controlled by spinal nerves and are a significant component of the motor exam. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Because it can be controlled by thought, skeletal muscle is also called voluntary muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “They affect organs that require a lot of energy, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. They are devastating diseases and there is no cure, so our findings about their transmission are very important.” Study: Older Mothers May Pass More Diseases on to Their Kids 2014-10-15T04:00:00Z “From a metabolic perspective, there appears to be a hereditary component to skeletal muscle metabolic enzymes, which facilitate energy production” for both high-intensity and endurance activities, he said. Franklin College twins enjoy athletic rivalries 2014-09-23T04:00:00Z "The conditions can therefore involve the heart, the brain or sometimes the skeletal muscle," he says. The girl with three biological parents 2014-08-31T04:00:00Z Although all other body cells do require insulin if they are to take glucose from the bloodstream, skeletal muscle cells and adipose cells are the primary targets of insulin. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Skeletal muscles are long and cylindrical in appearance; when viewed under a microscope, skeletal muscle tissue has a striped or striated appearance. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Stiff person syndrome is rare neurological disease that causes stiffness of the skeletal muscles and painful muscle spasms. 2 Cases Suggest Stem Cell Transplant Might Ease 'Stiff Person' Syndrome 2014-08-26T04:00:00Z The protective effects were seen in both the diaphragm, the primary muscle used for breathing, as well as skeletal muscle. 5 Reasons to Drink Coffee Before Your Workout 2014-06-30T04:00:00Z The new study found that various electric fish rely on the same genes and biological pathways to build their electric organs from skeletal muscle despite the different appearance and body location of their organs. Warning, high voltage: scientists solve mysteries of electric fish 2014-06-26T04:00:00Z Figure 3.20 Multinucleate Muscle Cell Unlike cardiac muscle cells and smooth muscle cells, which have a single nucleus, a skeletal muscle cell contains many nuclei, and is referred to as “multinucleated.” Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the sarcolemma. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It is secreted from skeletal muscle cells, where it is made, and circulates in the blood, acting on muscle cells throughout the body. California Chrome's Genes May Be Key to Race for Triple Crown 2014-06-07T04:00:00Z Instead, he says, physiologists study questions of basic science, “like the molecular signaling proteins that regulate skeletal muscle adaptation.” Fitness Crazed 2014-05-24T04:00:00Z These data indicate that GDF11 systemically regulates muscle aging and may be therapeutically useful for reversing age-related skeletal muscle and stem cell dysfunction. [Report] Restoring Systemic GDF11 Levels Reverses Age-Related Dysfunction in Mouse Skeletal Muscle 2014-05-08T18:26:58.206Z Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The striated appearance of skeletal muscle tissue is a result of repeating bands of the proteins actin and myosin that are present along the length of myofibrils. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z After linking the GDF11 protein to the rejuvenation of skeletal muscle and the heart, Wagers and her colleagues studied whether the protein was also responsible for the changes in the brain. Studies hint young blood may turn back the clock 2014-05-05T05:31:53Z After linking the GDF11 protein to the rejuvenation of skeletal muscle and the heart, Dr. Wagers and her colleagues studied whether the protein was also responsible for the changes in the brain. Young Blood May Hold Key to Reversing Aging 2014-05-04T17:01:00Z Porcine urinary bladder ECM scaffold implantation was associated with perivascular stem cell mobilization and accumulation within the site of injury, and de novo formation of skeletal muscle cells. [Research Articles] An Acellular Biologic Scaffold Promotes Skeletal Muscle Formation in Mice and Humans with Volumetric Muscle Loss 2014-04-30T18:55:14.141Z Small, constant adjustments of the skeletal muscles are needed to hold a body upright or balanced in any position. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Many sarcomeres are present in a myofibril, resulting in the striation pattern characteristic of skeletal muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Irisin, a hormone produced by skeletal muscle in response to exercise, can induce the formation of more beige fat. Cell physiology: The changing colour of fat 2014-04-16T17:21:54.590Z Motor neurons, which relay neural commands to drive skeletal muscle movements, encompass types ranging from “slow” to “fast,” whose biophysical properties govern the timing, gradation, and amplitude of muscle force. [Report] Dlk1 Promotes a Fast Motor Neuron Biophysical Signature Required for Peak Force Execution 2014-03-13T18:26:17.648Z The ECM-mediated constructive remodeling was associated with stimulus-responsive skeletal muscle in rodents and functional improvement in three of the five human patients. [Research Articles] An Acellular Biologic Scaffold Promotes Skeletal Muscle Formation in Mice and Humans with Volumetric Muscle Loss 2014-04-30T18:55:14.141Z This heat is very noticeable during exercise, when sustained muscle movement causes body temperature to rise, and in cases of extreme cold, when shivering produces random skeletal muscle contractions to generate heat. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Involuntary muscles can be controlled by an individual’s will, as is the case with skeletal muscles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The mice showed Marfan symptoms, including emphysema, weak skeletal muscles and a thickening of the mitral valve in the heart. Genetic Connections: Learning to Defuse the Aorta 2013-12-02T20:51:10Z A low BMI may mask poor nutritional status and fail to detect crucial differences in fat and skeletal muscle content. Turning the tables on obesity and BMI: When more can be better. 2013-08-29T16:15:02.407Z For some reason, the low-oxygen conditions seem to cause skeletal muscle to break down. Exercising Caution: Intensive Athletic Activity Could Be Fatal to Those with Sickle-Cell Trait 2013-08-13T11:15:04.257Z These tissues include the skeletal muscle fibers, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Involuntary muscles cannot be consciously controlled, as is the case with skeletal muscles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The hamburger was grown in Post's lab using bovine skeletal muscle stem cells, collected from a piece of fresh beef. Test-Tube Burger: Lab-Cultured Meat Passes Taste Test (Sort of) 2013-08-05T18:45:00.540Z As I do, the engineering interface on Lake’s computer screen registers a burst of raw data—peaks and dips of scrolling electrical activity produced by my engaged skeletal muscles. Forearm Gestures Remotely Control Computers and Drones 2013-07-06T11:45:00.630Z Those at Walgreens will calculate your body composition, which is the percentage of body fat and skeletal muscle, as well as your waist circumference and your body mass index. Drugstore services expand to include some worth considering and some to avoid 2013-07-01T20:47:35Z Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into individual bundles, each called a fascicle, by a middle layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Voluntary muscles can be controlled by an individual’s will, as is the case with skeletal muscles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Dogs Provide Insight Into Rare Genetic Disease Centronuclear myopathy weakens skeletal muscles so severely that sufferers often die before age 18. Top Stories: Big Dogs, Big Cats, and the Future of Gene Patenting 2013-06-14T20:40:00Z They cite evidence that people on statins are likely to overestimate the skeletal muscle side effects of statins. Small Study Suggests Statins May Blunt Benefits Of Exercise 2013-05-22T20:25:19Z But heart tissue is not known for being as resilient as skeletal muscles or skin. 'Macabre' Technique Turns Old Mouse Hearts Young 2013-05-09T17:15:00Z Every skeletal muscle is also richly supplied by blood vessels for nourishment, oxygen delivery, and waste removal. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Involuntary muscles cannot be consciously controlled, such as skeletal muscles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These results further support an essential role for sarcolemmal nNOSμ in the normal modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising human skeletal muscle and implicate the NO-cGMP pathway as a putative new target for treating BMD. [Research Articles] Tadalafil Alleviates Muscle Ischemia in Patients with Becker Muscular Dystrophy 2012-11-28T19:55:10.597Z For example, a toxin called tetrodotoxin blocks voltage-gated ion channels in skeletal muscles, preventing the propagation of the action potentials required for motion and causing paralysis in nearly all vertebrates. Poisonous Snakes Can't Resist Toxic Toad Tucker...Or Can They? 2012-08-21T14:45:00.217Z What you are looking for are skeletal muscle satellite cells – stem cells – all-purpose repair modules that are there to create new tissue in case of damage. Fake meat: is science fiction on the verge of becoming fact? 2012-06-22T21:59:00Z In addition, every muscle fiber in a skeletal muscle is supplied by the axon branch of a somatic motor neuron, which signals the fiber to contract. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Voluntary muscles can be controlled by an individual’s will, such as skeletal muscles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Massage therapy is commonly used during physical rehabilitation of skeletal muscle to ameliorate pain and promote recovery from injury. [Research Articles] Massage Therapy Attenuates Inflammatory Signaling After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage 2012-02-01T22:25:12.383Z A parasite, named Sarcocystis calchasi, was found in cysts in the bird’s skeletal muscles. A Wildlife Vet, a Pigeon, a Groundbreaking Discovery 2012-01-31T17:15:04.307Z Exercise kicks autophagy—in heart and skeletal muscles—into high gear in mice. How Exercise Might Help Our Cells Help Us 2012-01-18T19:45:00.283Z Unlike cardiac and smooth muscle, the only way to functionally contract a skeletal muscle is through signaling from the nervous system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The bottom of the lungs is contained by the diaphragm, a skeletal muscle that facilitates breathing. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They attached leads for electromyography, a method for measuring the electrical activity of skeletal muscle. Walking or running efficiently, your locomotor muscles might not agree 2012-01-02T14:15:05.060Z A Western blot analysis demonstrated that skeletal muscle proteins were capable of provoking a positive cTnT response. Study Finds Noncardiac Sources of Positive Troponin T Tests 2011-09-29T16:17:06Z Electrical impulse propagation is an essential function in cardiac, skeletal muscle, and nervous tissue. [Research Articles] Reversible Cardiac Conduction Block and Defibrillation with High-Frequency Electric Field 2011-09-28T20:25:45.923Z Figure 10.4 Muscle Fiber A skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by a plasma membrane called the sarcolemma, which contains sarcoplasm, the cytoplasm of muscle cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Increased temperature, such as from increased activity of skeletal muscle, causes the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen to be reduced. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Using a small grant from NASA, which was interested in developing food sources for deep-space voyages, Morris Benjaminson removed skeletal muscle from a common goldfish and grew it outside the fish’s body. When Will Scientists Grow Meat in a Petri Dish? 2011-05-17T12:15:00.257Z "But we are showing that this process is not unique to skeletal muscle, it also happens in cardiac muscle," he said. Exercise preserves, builds heart muscle 2011-04-02T23:44:50Z But what I find truly fascinating is that sedentary behavior also results in rapid and dramatic changes in skeletal muscle. Can sitting too much kill you? 2011-01-06T16:15:00.237Z Every skeletal muscle fiber in every skeletal muscle is innervated by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z One form is found in tissues that use large amounts of ATP, such as heart and skeletal muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z So if you are making in vitro meat and want stem cells that will almost surely turn into muscle tissue, adult stem cells from skeletal muscle tissue should work very well. When Will Scientists Grow Meat in a Petri Dish? 2011-05-17T12:15:00.257Z Insulin “sends glucose into skeletal muscle and fat tissue and away from the cancer,” he said. Fuel Lines of Tumors Are New Target 2010-11-30T08:45:00Z What is most interesting to me personally is that these physiological changes in skeletal muscle have little or nothing to do with the accumulation of body fat, and occur under extremely rapid time-frames. Can sitting too much kill you? 2011-01-06T16:15:00.237Z With no further ATP production possible, there is no ATP available for myosin heads to detach from the actin-binding sites, so the cross-bridges stay in place, causing the rigidity in the skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “Diabetes is the failure to control the amount of sugar in your blood, and the biggest user of blood sugar is skeletal muscle,” he said. Vital Signs: Exercise: For Type 2 Diabetes, 2 Types of Training 2010-11-24T15:19:00Z "The biggest consumer of blood sugar is skeletal muscle, and anything you do to improve the health of your muscles will help control your use of blood sugar," he noted. Exercise Combo Best for Type 2 Diabetes 2010-11-23T21:00:00Z Such cocktails are sometimes offered as supplements to people with age-related diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, heart disease and loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Cocktail of amino acids does wonders for mice 2010-10-09T21:42:00Z Pompe is a neuromuscular disease that affects not just skeletal muscle but breathing and cardiac muscles. ?Our Little Miracles 2010-03-22T05:00:00Z To move an object, referred to as load, the sarcomeres in the muscle fibers of the skeletal muscle must shorten. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Hyatt, a Georgetown University assistant professor who studies skeletal muscle adaptations. Olympic champions must train hard, but the right genes are also essential 2010-02-23T05:00:00Z A compound of adenine, ribose, and phosphoric acid was found in yeast, blood, and in skeletal muscle of mammals. History of Phosphorus The Precentral or Motor Region of the Cortex.—The application to it of electric currents excites movements in the skeletal muscles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" There is first the immediate change brought about by the very act of functioning—for example, the shortening and thickening of skeletal muscles when they act. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology However, muscle tension also is generated when the muscle is contracting against a load that does not move, resulting in two main types of skeletal muscle contractions: isotonic contractions and isometric contractions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Because of the attachment of the striated muscles to the skeleton, and their action upon it, they are called skeletal muscles. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools When we remember that heart, stomach, and intestines are made of muscular tissue, to say nothing of the skeletal muscles, we begin to realize how important is muscular tone for bodily health. Outwitting Our Nerves A Primer of Psychotherapy Further, we meet with a group characterised by a special want of tone in the skeletal muscles, by lordosis, by postural albuminuria, and by abdominal and intestinal disturbances of various sorts. The Nervous Child The movement of the different parts of the body is rendered possible through the manner in which the skeletal muscles are inserted into the long bones, by which the lever motion is possible. Common Diseases of Farm Animals A crucial aspect of nervous system control of skeletal muscles is the role of motor units. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z "Fear and joy may both cause cardiac palpitation, but in one case we find high tonus of the skeletal muscles, in the other case relaxation and the general sense of weakness." The Analysis of Mind It is through skeletal muscles that the physical attack or escape is effected; these muscles alone energize the claws, the teeth, the hoofs, and the means for flight. Origin and Nature of Emotions Both neurons and skeletal muscle cells are electrically excitable, meaning that they are able to generate action potentials. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The striated is represented by the skeletal muscles, and the unstriated by the thin muscular layers that form part of the wall of the stomach, intestines, bladder and other hollow organs. Common Diseases of Farm Animals There is a wide range of motor units within many skeletal muscles, which gives the nervous system a wide range of control over the muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In skeletal muscle, this sequence begins with signals from the somatic motor division of the nervous system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The motor neurons that tell the skeletal muscle fibers to contract originate in the spinal cord, with a smaller number located in the brainstem for activation of skeletal muscles of the face, head, and neck. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Muscle tone is accomplished by a complex interaction between the nervous system and skeletal muscles that results in the activation of a few motor units at a time, most likely in a cyclical manner. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Using these criteria, there are three main types of skeletal muscle fibers. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The small motor units in the muscle will have smaller, lower-threshold motor neurons that are more excitable, firing first to their skeletal muscle fibers, which also tend to be the smallest. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Physical training alters the appearance of skeletal muscles and can produce changes in muscle performance. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Overworking skeletal muscles can also lead to tendon damage and even skeletal damage if the load is too great for the muscles to bear. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z However, cardiac muscle fibers are shorter than skeletal muscle fibers and usually contain only one nucleus, which is located in the central region of the cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Unlike skeletal muscle, a large percentage of the Ca++ that initiates contraction in cardiac muscles comes from outside the cell rather than from the SR. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The nervous system uses recruitment as a mechanism to efficiently utilize a skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Axons of neurons in the ANS do not form the highly organized NMJs with smooth muscle, as seen between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Skeletal muscles, excluding those of the head and limbs, develop from mesodermal somites, whereas skeletal muscle in the head and limbs develop from general mesoderm. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This is why skeletal muscle cells are multinucleate, as the nucleus of each contributing myoblast remains intact in the mature skeletal muscle cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Similar to skeletal muscle tissue, cardiac muscle does not regenerate to a great extent. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The rate at which a motor neuron fires action potentials affects the tension produced in the skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Most of the body’s skeletal muscle produces movement by acting on the skeleton. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z How are cardiac muscle cells similar to and different from skeletal muscle cells? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The focus of this chapter is on skeletal muscle organization. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Describe the different criteria that contribute to how skeletal muscles are named. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The system to name skeletal muscles will be explained; in some cases, the muscle is named by its shape, and in other cases it is named by its location or attachments to the skeleton. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The actions of the skeletal muscles will be covered in a regional manner, working from the head down to the toes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To move the skeleton, the tension created by the contraction of the fibers in most skeletal muscles is transferred to the tendons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The bone connection is why this muscle tissue is called skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Why are the muscles of the face different from typical skeletal muscle? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are also skeletal muscles that do not pull against the skeleton for movements. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Based on the patterns of fascicle arrangement, skeletal muscles can be classified in several ways. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The majority of skeletal muscles in the body have this type of organization. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 11.3 Muscle Shapes and Fiber Alignment The skeletal muscles of the body typically come in seven different general shapes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For skeletal muscles to contract, based on excitation–contraction coupling, requires input from a neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Several factors contribute to the force generated by a skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, a systemic anatomical study of the muscular system would consider all of the skeletal muscles of the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Only very few cell types in the body do not divide, including nerve cells, skeletal muscle fibers, and cardiac muscle cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Forty percent of your body mass is made up of skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The lower motor neuron is that cell in the gray matter of the spinal cord and its axon extends into the periphery where it synapses with a skeletal muscle in a neuromuscular junction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In looking through a microscope how could you distinguish skeletal muscle tissue from smooth muscle? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, skeletal muscle contracts to move the skeleton, cardiac muscle is influenced as heart rate increases during exercise, and smooth muscle contracts as the digestive system moves food along the digestive tract. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Voluntary motor response means the contraction of skeletal muscle, but those contractions are not always voluntary in the sense that you have to want to perform them. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z You didn’t decide to do that, and you may not have wanted to give your friend a reason to laugh at your expense, but it is a reflex involving skeletal muscle contractions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Cells from this region of the cerebral cortex are the upper motor neurons that instruct cells in the spinal cord to move skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Any sensory or integrative functions that result in the movement of skeletal muscle would be considered somatic. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The anterior horn sends out motor signals to the skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Sensory neurons are activated by a stimulus, which is sent to the central nervous system, and a motor response is sent out to the skeletal muscles that control this movement. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As a response to a threat, the sympathetic system would increase heart rate and breathing rate and cause blood flow to the skeletal muscle to increase and blood flow to the digestive system to decrease. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Blood pressure increases in general, and blood vessels dilate in skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Somatic responses are solely based on skeletal muscle contraction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The output of a somatic reflex is the lower motor neuron in the ventral horn of the spinal cord that projects directly to a skeletal muscle to cause its contraction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Somatic reflexes, for instance, involve a direct connection from the ventral horn of the spinal cord to the skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Urination is controlled by an involuntary internal sphincter of smooth muscle and a voluntary external sphincter of skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Shivering is an involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles in response to perceived lower than normal body temperature. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A short tube of skeletal muscle lined with a mucous membrane, the pharynx runs from the posterior oral and nasal cavities to the opening of the esophagus and larynx. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z During swallowing, the elevator skeletal muscles of the pharynx contract, raising and expanding the pharynx to receive the bolus of food. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The upper two-thirds of the esophagus consists of both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers, with the latter fading out in the bottom third of the esophagus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Although this sounds quick and effortless, deglutition is, in fact, a complex process that involves both the skeletal muscle of the tongue and the muscles of the pharynx and esophagus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Unlike skeletal muscle fibers, cardiomyocytes are single cells typically with a single centrally located nucleus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The esophagus includes an upper esophageal sphincter made of skeletal muscle, which regulates the movement of food from the pharynx to the esophagus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This is because deep veins in the lower limbs rely on skeletal muscle contractions to push on the veins and thus “pump” blood back to the heart. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, when an individual is exercising, more blood will be directed to skeletal muscles, the heart, and the lungs. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There is also a small population of neurons that control vasodilation in the vessels of the brain and skeletal muscles by relaxing the smooth muscle fibers in the vessel tunics. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z What would be the drawback of cardiac contractions being the same duration as skeletal muscle contractions? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In this reflex, when a skeletal muscle is stretched, a muscle spindle receptor is activated. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These connections are responsible for generating movements of skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These lower motor neurons are the cells that connect to skeletal muscle and cause contractions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The somatic nervous system causes contraction of skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Think about the things that you do each day—talking, walking, sitting, standing, and running—all of these activities require movement of particular skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z More oxygen needs to be inhaled and delivered to skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The digestive system shuts down so that blood is not absorbing nutrients when it should be delivering oxygen to skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The postganglionic sympathetic fibers that contact the blood vessels within skeletal muscle and that contact sweat glands do not release norepinephrine, they release ACh. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Blood vessels in skeletal muscle, particularly those in the lower limbs, are more likely to dilate. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The diaphragm is a sheet of skeletal muscle that has to contract and relax for you to breathe day and night. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Cardiac muscle responds to exercise in a manner similar to that of skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This mechanism is virtually identical to that of skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Voiding is regulated by an involuntary autonomic nervous system-controlled internal urinary sphincter, consisting of smooth muscle and voluntary skeletal muscle that forms the external urinary sphincter below it. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The defining characteristic of the somatic nervous system is that it controls skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z One is the arrangement of the fascicles in the skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These two descending pathways are responsible for the conscious or voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 14.28 Corticospinal Tract The major descending tract that controls skeletal muscle movements is the corticospinal tract. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Recall that mild stimulation of the skeletal muscles maintains muscle tone. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Recall that cardiac muscle shares a few characteristics with both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, but it has some unique properties of its own. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In skeletal muscle tissue, these stretch receptors are called muscle spindles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Neither smooth nor skeletal muscle can do this. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These contractile elements are virtually identical to skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The T tubules are only found at the Z discs, whereas in skeletal muscle, they are found at the junction of the A and I bands. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Therefore, there are one-half as many T tubules in cardiac muscle as in skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The ventral horn motor neurons then project to skeletal muscle and cause contraction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Unlike skeletal muscles and neurons, cardiac conductive cells do not have a stable resting potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 20.15 Skeletal Muscle Pump The contraction of skeletal muscles surrounding a vein compresses the blood and increases the pressure in that area. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Again, the presence of one-way valves and the skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps contribute to this increased flow. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These changes result in selective vasodilation in the skeletal muscles, heart, lungs, liver, and integument. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Both epinephrine and norepinephrine signal the liver and skeletal muscle cells to convert glycogen into glucose, resulting in increased blood glucose levels. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Venous return is further enhanced by both the skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Explain how the skeletal muscle pump might play a role in this patient’s signs and symptoms. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The bladder’s strength diminishes with age, but voluntary contractions of abdominal skeletal muscles can increase intra-abdominal pressure to promote more forceful bladder emptying. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Hyperkalemia, an elevated potassium blood level, also can impair the function of skeletal muscles, the nervous system, and the heart. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It also prompts vasodilation, further increasing the oxygenation of important organs such as the lungs, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This is a similar concept to tone in skeletal muscles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Venous return is determined by activity of the skeletal muscles, blood volume, and changes in peripheral circulation. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z One pound of adipose tissue contains approximately 200 miles of vessels, whereas skeletal muscle contains more than twice that. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Venoconstriction, while less important than arterial vasoconstriction, works with the skeletal muscle pump, the respiratory pump, and their valves to promote venous return to the heart. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If heat loss is severe, the brain triggers an increase in random signals to skeletal muscles, causing them to contract and producing shivering. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z |
| 随便看 |
英语例句辞典收录了117811条英语例句在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的例句翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。