| 单词 | refractive index |
| 例句 | He's only in the door three seconds before he starts spouting some theory about spectral analysis and the refractive indices of protein substances, and he's carrying a big box full of books and papers. Things Not Seen 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z To its surprise, the team would later learn that the shift in focus stemmed not from the changing size or curvature of the lenses, but instead mostly from an alteration to their so-called refractive index. Chemists, engineers craft adjustable arrays of microscopic lenses 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z This arrangement gave each layer a specific, different refractive index, and together the layers kept any light traveling through the fiber from escaping or scattering away. Soft optical fibers block pain while moving and stretching with the body 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z This striking advance showed that metamaterials can yield a much wider set of refractive indexes than nature offers, opening the door to totally new technological possibilities. Engineered Metamaterials Can Trick Light and Sound into Mind-Bending Behavior 2022-11-18T05:00:00Z The rays bend according to the refractive indices provided in Table 26.1. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Diamond has a high refractive index, meaning it bends light a lot. Game of Stones: Tracking conflict diamonds with lasers 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z As the hydrogel heated up and the lenses contracted, they actually expelled some of their water -- upping their density, modifying their refractive index and, ultimately, blurring the image of the N. Chemists, engineers craft adjustable arrays of microscopic lenses 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z The resulting films therefore contained alternating dense and porous layers, generating periodic variations in the refractive index of the material. Crazy colour printing without ink 2019-06-18T04:00:00Z As light passing through an aqueous solution encounters a lipid surface, the change in refractive index causes it to bend and scatter. Transparent tissues bring cells into focus for microscopy 2018-12-03T05:00:00Z The index of refraction outside the fiber must be smaller than inside, a condition that is easily satisfied by coating the outside of the fiber with a material having an appropriate refractive index. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Consequently, there is a large difference in the phonon energies associated with these axes and therefore in the corresponding refractive indices — resulting in a birefringence of about 0.31. Precise control of infrared polarization using crystal vibrations 2018-10-23T04:00:00Z A refractive index describes how waves propagate in a medium, and is positive in all conventional materials. Reflection forbidden and refraction reversed in an artificial crystal 2018-07-31T04:00:00Z This produces alternating dense and porous polymer layers, which cause the refractive index of the film to vary periodically. Crazy colour printing without ink 2019-06-18T04:00:00Z These are materials that exhibit a temporary change in refractive index when exposed to a beam of light, as a result of electrons moving through them. Solitons divide and conquer 2018-02-04T05:00:00Z In fact, most fibers have a varying refractive index to allow more light to be guided along the fiber through total internal refraction. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Complex refractive index of Titan’s aerosol analogues in the 200–900 nm domain. Haze heats Pluto’s atmosphere yet explains its cold temperature 2017-11-14T05:00:00Z For example, refractive index becomes a function of light intensity — hence the phenomenon now called non-linear optics. Nicolaas Bloembergen (1920-2017) : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z For example, we measured the change in the refractive index—the way light travels through the cell—while varying the concentration of salt in the medium surrounding the cells. We Transformed Living Cells from Pigs into Tiny Lasers 2015-07-28T04:00:00Z Furthermore, bound electrons produce the frequency-shifting refractive index required to eliminate dispersion. Solitons divide and conquer 2018-02-04T05:00:00Z Thin film interference thus depends on film thickness, the wavelength of light, and the refractive indices. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z To eliminate refraction, Wells realised that he had to somehow reduce the refractive index of Griffin's tissues to one. Vanishing point: five ways to become invisible 2014-07-19T04:00:00Z Also, tungsten oxide has a high refractive index. Tiny balls of fire 2014-06-26T04:00:00Z The refractive index is directly related to the concentration of chemical constituents within the cells, such as DNA, proteins and lipids. We Transformed Living Cells from Pigs into Tiny Lasers 2015-07-28T04:00:00Z Since then, Smith and others have explored a host of variations on the metamaterial idea, often looking to manipulate radiation in ways that have nothing to do with a negative refractive index. Exotic optics: Metamaterial world 2013-08-07T17:50:26.790Z Given that the refractive index of air is lower for air at higher temperatures, explain how mirages can be formed. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z All the same, the principle of matching the refractive index of an object and its surrounding medium is sound, and transparent things really can be hidden that way. Vanishing point: five ways to become invisible 2014-07-19T04:00:00Z These are materials made from arrays of electrically conducting components that interact with light so as to create exotic optical effects such as negative refractive index. 'Invisibility Cloak' Hides Cats and Fish 2013-06-11T20:15:00.180Z Choosing a liquid crystal material with a particular refractive index lets him select which wavelengths to work with, and applying an electric field lets him switch the index between two states. Photonics: Trick of the light 2013-03-13T18:21:07.307Z It is only by comparing different cases of refracted light at changing angles of incidence that the common factor, the constancy of the refractive index, is disclosed. Popular scientific lectures 2012-04-24T02:00:17.273Z The biggest change in the refractive index, and bending of rays, occurs at the cornea rather than the lens. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z This can be done in optical fibres: an intense laser "control beam" can manipulate the refractive index of the glass fibre so the light from a signal beam seems to slow down and speed up. Vanishing point: five ways to become invisible 2014-07-19T04:00:00Z Homogeneity.—The optical desideratum is uniformity of refractive index and dispersive power throughout the mass of the glass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z This may be due in part to the varying refractive indices of the oils used, as well as to the difference in the quantity of oil required in each test. Paint Technology and Tests 2011-09-15T02:00:12.263Z The position and angles of their faces, and cleavages, the absence of bi-refringence, and their high refractive index all showed that the crystals were true diamond. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z The whole lens is enclosed in an elastic structureless membrane, and, like the 93 cornea, its transparency is due to the fact that all its constituents have the same refractive index. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z Tom Philbin, also from the University of St Andrews, explained that the balls had the exact same optical properties - the same refractive index - as water. Invisibility and 'emotive' robots 2011-07-08T22:46:43Z This is probably never completely attained, variations in the sixth 89 significant figure of the refractive index being observed in different parts of single large blocks of the most perfect glass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z The effect of a particle on a lasing mode depends on the particle’s “polarizability,” which is a function of its size and refractive index. Tiny Ring Laser Detects and Counts Nanoparticles 2011-06-29T14:12:00Z The peculiar lustre exhibited by the diamond is called adamantine, and is shared to some extent by certain other stones which have a high refractive index and high dispersion, such as zircon. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z The transparency of the cornea is due to the fact that all these structures have the same refractive index. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z "So if you have two materials that are different like these balls and water, but their refractive index is the same, then as far as light is concerned, they're exactly the same thing," he said. Invisibility and 'emotive' robots 2011-07-08T22:46:43Z As a general rule, to which, however, there are important exceptions, both these qualities are found to a greater degree, the lower the refractive index of the glass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z This is true of any simple lens and the defect is overcome in the manufacture of optical instruments by combining two lenses consisting respectively of glasses differing considerably in refractive index. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z The refractive index, which is thus a very important character in the scientific discrimination of gem-stones, may be conveniently determined, within certain limits, by means of the refractometer devised by Dr G.F. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Because shock waves represent a stark and sudden change in refractive index, they show up clearly in schlieren photographs. Shock wave from trombone filmed 2011-05-28T10:22:15Z "But to do that, you'd have to change your entire composition, to make your refractive index the same as air, which you can't really do," added the scientist. Invisibility and 'emotive' robots 2011-07-08T22:46:43Z This advantage is not gained without a certain sacrifice of simplicity in construction; by avoiding the use of flint glass having a high refractive index and substituting materials to take the place of crownglass. Microscopes and Accessory Apparatus Catalogue No. 40 2011-04-14T02:00:42.743Z Lack of optical homogeneity due to varying refractive index is likely to be partially responsible. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z An immediate deduction from Maxwell’s theory was that in transparent dielectrics, the dielectric constant or specific inductive capacity should be numerically equal to the square of the refractive index for very long electric waves. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z First, they require the fabrication of materials with a wide range of refractive indices and spatial variations that are not found in nature. Invisibility: After several years of research, it's just gotten weirder 2011-01-11T18:45:11.203Z Light in the vicinity of the pulse is slowed more and more when the refractive index changes as the pulse passes by. Mimicking black holes: Dr Hawking's bright idea 2010-09-30T10:54:00Z "Since the refractive index of air is about one and the refractive index of the polymer is about 1.52," he explained, "in principle, we can get any refractive index between those two numbers," he said. Invisibility cloak created in 3-D 2010-03-18T19:13:00Z This is often visible on deserts where the hot sand causes the adjacent layer of air to expand and therefore, the refractive index to increase. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z The only refractive indices which had been measured were the optical refractive indices of a number of transparent substances. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z The angles and refractive indices of the two media are related by Snell's law. Invisibility: After several years of research, it's just gotten weirder 2011-01-11T18:45:11.203Z The number 1.336 is termed the refractive index, or coefficient, or the refractive power of water. Wireless Transmission of Photographs Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged 1919 By tailoring the refractive index of the the surface of the bump, the scientists rendered it invisible to a wide range of light wavelengths slightly longer than those that we can see. Invisibility cloak created in 3-D 2010-03-18T19:13:00Z Many modifications of these types are possible through variations in the refractive indices of various strata of air. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z On the other hand, the divergence in some cases between the square of the optical refractive index and the dielectric constant was very marked. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Its opacity is due to the presence of a very large number of solid particles, the blood corpuscles, having a higher refractive index than that of the liquid in which they float. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Unlike other cubic crystals, diamond experiences a diminution of refractive index with increase of temperature. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" A similar effect has been achieved previously in two dimensions - changing the refractive index of a piece of silicon by drilling tiny holes in its surface. Invisibility cloak created in 3-D 2010-03-18T19:13:00Z The eye sees what is presented but the inversions and other peculiar effects are due to variations in the refractive index of the atmosphere. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z B. D. Steele has shown that with these sharp boundaries the use of coloured ions is unnecessary, the junction line being visible owing to the difference in the optical refractive indices of two colourless solutions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The general question of the relation of the refractive index to constitution has been especially studied by J.W. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The limit can be depressed only by a diminution in λ0, such as photography makes possible, or by an increase in μ, the refractive index of the medium in which the object is situated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" Bending light The trick is to change the speed and direction in which light travels through the material - that is, to change the material's refractive index. Invisibility cloak created in 3-D 2010-03-18T19:13:00Z The refractive index, lowered to that of air to produce invisibility, iss being raised again—all through a simple adaptation of Roentgen's theories! Raiders Invisible Brown zircon, while lacking dichroism, is frequently rich and pleasing in shade, and when well cut is very snappy, the luster being almost adamantine, the dispersion being large, and the refractive index high. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public According to the electromagnetic theory of light K = N�, where N is the refractive index for rays of infinite wave-length. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" On quitting one medium and entering another, a portion of light is always reflected, but on this condition — the media must possess different refractive indices. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 Sphene lies far to the right of the position which it should occupy according to its specific gravity; it possesses an extraordinarily high refractive index, and is, therefore, an extremely brilliant gem stone. Scientific American Supplement, No. 1082, September 26, 1896 Others, again, are both single and double refracting to heat-rays, and it is interesting to note the heat-penetrating value as compared with the refractive indexes of the stone. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones The true hyacinth has more snap and fire owing to its adamantine surface luster and high dispersive power, as well as to its high refractive index. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public It is obvious that the glass must be uniform in refractive index throughout, and that it must be free from air bubbles or bits of opaque matter. On Laboratory Arts This, however, was not the case, and a comparison of the refractive index of the humour with that of water cleared up the whole matter. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 Prolonged agitation with air has a tendency to oxidise the oil, which increases its specific gravity and refractive index, and will be found in the soap-pan to produce a reddish soap. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture In the following table will be found the refractive indexes of a selection of single and double refractive stones, the figures for "Light" being taken from a standard list. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones These angles can be definitely altered for different materials, according to their refractive indices. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public This is to be done by using a film of oil of the same refractive index as the glass. On Laboratory Arts You may say that the effect is due to the reflection of light at the common surface of two media of different refractive indices. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 It has practically the same refractive index as air, therefore it is, to all intents and purposes, invisible. Skylark Three The refractive index of gypsum is 1.54, but heat none, being opaque. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones The optical properties of the various glasses vary chiefly with their densities, and the denser the material the higher the refractive index and the greater the dispersion. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public The simplest procedure is to obtain glass of the desired quality from Messrs. Chance of Birmingham, according to the following abbreviated list of names and refractive indices, which may be relied upon:— On Laboratory Arts But when a transparent solid is immersed in a liquid of the same refractive index as itself, it immediately disappears. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 It sparkles about as brilliantly, for its refractive index is nearly as high. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries The refractive index of amber is 1.51, but heat none, being opaque. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones Triplets and doublets too may be exposed by dipping them sidewise into oil, thus removing the prismatic refraction almost completely, as the oil has about the same refractive index as the stone. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public The effects so produced are the differential results of the change of figure and of refractive index. On Laboratory Arts It must evidently diminish as the refractive index increases. Six Lectures on Light Delivered In The United States In 1872-1873 Where the surface was hard and dense, Brewster found the refractive index to approach that of semi opal. Scientific American Supplement, No. 595, May 28, 1887 What connection is there between the refractive index of a medium and the angle at which an emergent ray is totally reflected? Literary Blunders At the same time they increase markedly in density and in refractive index and thus become even more snappy and brilliant than when colored. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public The question as to whether the motion was due to an irregular distribution of the earth's atmosphere, thus involving abnormal variations in the refractive index, was also investigated; here, again, negative results were obtained. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Now the refractive index of Iceland spar is, for the extraordinary ray less, and for the ordinary greater, than for Canada balsam. Six Lectures on Light Delivered In The United States In 1872-1873 The powdered glass and water have much the same refractive index; that is, the light undergoes very little refraction or reflection in passing from one to the other. The Invisible Man Moreover the refractive index, while high, is never so high as in a diamond and hence the brilliant cannot be so shaped as to secure the amount of total reflection given by a well-made diamond. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public This relation depends upon the refractive index of the material, but as most color stones are of somewhat similar refractive indices, the above proportions are sufficiently accurate for all. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public The refractive indices for different wave lengths must be known for each kind of glass made use of. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Perhaps the surest single method of distinguishing precious stones is to find out the refractive index of the material. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public You make the glass invisible by putting it into a liquid of nearly the same refractive index; a transparent thing becomes invisible if it is put in any medium of almost the same refractive index. The Invisible Man |
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