| 单词 | Navaho |
| 例句 | I felt like laughing, first with relief and then at the thought of my Dutch-Irish mother being anything so exotic as Florida Navaho. Black Like Me 1961-01-01T00:00:00Z “Your mother was part Florida Navaho, wasn’t she?” Black Like Me 1961-01-01T00:00:00Z “Wait—let me ” “Florida Navaho,” he interrupted triumphantly. Black Like Me 1961-01-01T00:00:00Z If you don't want to bother with tying rambling blackberry canes to a trellis, choose self-supporting, upright selections, such as 'Arapaho' and 'Navaho.' Five Easy Fruits to Grow in Your Backyard 2010-05-07T15:13:00Z Navaho Pass and the peak of the same name typically see fewer people than other popular larch trails nearby. Larch Madness: Check out 5 trails this October as larches turn yellow 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z Not far away, the Navaho people also farmed and tended sheep they acquired from the Spanish, while their relatives the Apaches alternately fought and traded with Spaniards, Mexicans, and Anglo-Americans alike. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z A reporter who attended the White House event said there was an “awkward silence” among the Navaho members after Mr. Trump made the remark. Trump jokes about Sen. Warren as ‘Pocahontas’ with native American code-talkers 2017-11-27T05:00:00Z The deal resolves any and all claims by the tribe, whose reservation spans three Western states, contesting the Philadelphia company's "Navajo" and "Navaho" brands in a variety of products, including pullovers, feathered earrings and underwear. Navajo Nation settles trademark suit against Urban Outfitters 2016-11-18T05:00:00Z In the early 1980s, Beard learned Navaho weaving from his parents, Ray and Mary Alice Beard, and joined their weaving demonstration at the fair. Weaver connects cultures and generations at State Fair 2015-08-29T04:00:00Z But Ms Wasmund, whose first name is Navaho for "sunshine", says she is simply someone who is not afraid to do everything that she loves. The boss who likes to box Smarta 2014-03-30T23:02:27Z A chain of events then drove them to fury, beginning with a prolonged drought that devastated crops and drew raids from neighboring Navahos and Apaches. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z It deals entirely with typical life experiences among the Navaho, the largest Indian tribe in the United States, numbering approximately 65,000. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z Cochise was Roosevelt’s grandmother, and Navaho is Roosevelt’s mom. Scientist at Work: What's in a Name? 2011-07-01T19:40:51Z His coat had been removed while he slept; a pillow lay where his head had been, and the divan was partly covered with a Navaho blanket. The Ice Pilot 2011-03-09T03:00:48.433Z They were stolen by a Navaho, a buck who was hired to steal them because he knew the ranch house of Mackintavers very well. The Mesa Trail 2011-01-27T03:00:37.207Z The Navaho and Moqui Indians make woollen blankets and rugs and the Pimas baskets. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" Nine out of ten Navahos do not speak English, and the tribe has never had a written language. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z Redwood walls, Navaho rugs on the floor, bookcases, unlit fireplace, chairs, table, desk with a typewriter and reading lamp. Gone Fishing Clowns often form a feature of such ceremonies; see Matthews, Navaho Legends, p. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV That Navaho buck was killed in an accident. The Mesa Trail 2011-01-27T03:00:37.207Z Such songs are not random shoutings, but have a definite meaning for those who sing and for those who listen, as in this Navaho ritual song. Indian Story and Song from North America Space does not permit mention of many who have worked with the Navaho language. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z Not far from Navaho springs there is a similar circular depression, called Jacob's Well, but which was dry when visited by me. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 Among these tribes, as among the Skidi Pawnee, the Navahos, and other groups of the Middle West, the control of religion has largely passed into the hands of priests—an advance in religious organization. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV Sounds like a Navaho brand,” commented the professor, sagely. The Mesa Trail 2011-01-27T03:00:37.207Z He told me that part of the education of Navaho priest was knowing the fifty sandpaintings of his tribe. Woodland Tales The following information with regard to the Navaho alphabet and its use should prove helpful to one familiar with the English language. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z From this source may have sprung the numerous so-called Navaho katcinas, and the reciprocal influence on the Navaho cults was even greater. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 Cf. the Maori myths given in R. Taylor's New Zealand, chap. vi, and for Navaho winds see Matthews, Navaho Legends, p. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV He sealed the letter, placed it upon a thick sheaf of bank notes, wrapped the parcel in oiled silk and again in a small waterproof Navaho saddle blanket. The Mesa Trail 2011-01-27T03:00:37.207Z Thus, the first sandpainting is a map of the world as the Navaho knew it, with rivers and hills that are important in their history. Woodland Tales The present system of writing Navaho employs only one diacritical to express four tonal variations. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z As an accompaniment of certain religious ceremonials among the Pueblo and the Navaho Indians, it was customary for certain priests to insert sticks into the esophagus. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 No less hastily she cut strips from the Navaho saddleblanket to tie over the pony's lightly shod hoofs. Bloom of Cactus There was an accident on the Magdalena trail this morning—a fool Navaho buck was hit by the flivver from Doniphan’s ranch. The Mesa Trail 2011-01-27T03:00:37.207Z Two days after we crossed the Rio Grande, and entered the dreary path of the mountains in the hostile and inhospitable country of the Navahoes and the Crows. Travels and Adventures of Monsieur Violet The difference between low and high tone in Navaho is similar to the difference in tone of "are you" and "going" in the English question "are you going?" Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z This would imply that they feared no invasion, and legendary history indicates that the first pueblos were erected before the hostile Ute, Apache, and Navaho appeared. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 The doorway opened into a large living-room, homelike with bright-hued Navaho rugs, a quantity of cliff-dweller pottery, and a sufficiency of heavy, comfortable furniture hewn out of cedar. Bloom of Cactus Outside of De Chelly, and independent of it, there is a little canyon about 4 miles long, called Tse-on-i-tso-si by the Navaho. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 But he was able to control himself enough to follow other crewmen down a hall of the station toward the Navaho. Badge of Infamy Teachers will note that the possessive pronouns of Navaho are always prefixed to the noun. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z Later, however, Apache, Ute, and Navaho began to raid their fields, and the Spaniards came in their midst again and again, forcing them to work like slaves. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 She had seated herself upon a Navaho rug and was leaning forward to look over the cliff, with her hands on the sillstone at the brink. Bloom of Cactus They are also the sites of all the Navaho settlements in the canyon. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 As an honest worker on the Navaho he'd been treated like an animal. Badge of Infamy The structure of the Navaho verb has similar characteristics, but is more complex. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z All of these pueblos are now in ruins, and only a few Navaho and Hopi families cultivate small tracts in the once productive fields. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 Pete the Navaho—he of the Mexican sombrero—also wore Mexican leg-buttoned breeches and a red cotton shirt, the tails of which hung outside. Bloom of Cactus Only a very small proportion of the available land is utilized by the Navaho, and not all of it was used by the old village builders. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 As previously stated, the Jicarilla medicine rites are much like those of the Navaho, but are far simpler in character. The North American Indian Ideas of time and mode are likewise incorporated in the verb, and auxiliary verbs such as will, did, have, might, etc. do not occur in Navaho. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z The Navaho name of the ruin, as is well known, is Talla-hogan, ordinarily translated "Singing-house," and generally interpreted to refer to the mass said by the padres in the ancient church. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 The Navaho had drawn rein to tail in behind the pony of his leader. Bloom of Cactus Except for a few modern examples there are no traces of irrigating works, and the Navaho work can not be regarded as a success. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Curtis The Jicarillas, like their kindred the Navaho and Apache, pay much attention to religion and ceremony. The North American Indian The ideas conveyed by these independent words in English are expressed by different forms of the verb itself in Navaho. Little Man's Family pre-primer 2011-10-25T02:00:24.010Z It has been suggested that this represents the feathered rainbow, a peculiar conception of both the Pueblo and the Navaho Indians. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 He gathered up an armful of Navaho rugs and moved one of the heavy chairs around to the doorway of the passage into the girl's room. Bloom of Cactus When the peaches ripen, hundreds and even thousands of Navaho flock to the place, coming from all over the reservation, like an immense flock of vultures, and with disastrous results to the food supply. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Curtis Owing to its lowness and its earth covering, the Navaho house, or hogán, is the most inconspicuous of habitations. The North American Indian Much of the material here presented was obtained some ten years ago, when the recent changes which have taken place in Navaho life had only just begun. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 It is possible that the Navaho, who have a similar practice, derived it from the Pueblos, but there are not enough data at hand to demonstrate this beyond question. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 Carmena was already lowering Lennon's outfit to the trader's Navaho followers, who had come at dawn. Bloom of Cactus They were introduced into this country originally by the Spanish monks, but in De Chelly there are not more than two or three 89 trees which are older than the last Navaho war. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Every well-to-do Navaho possesses a silver belt consisting of a dozen or more wrought oval discs, each about two by three inches, fastened to a leather strap. The North American Indian As the architecture of a primitive people is influenced largely by the character of the country in which they live, a brief description of the Navaho reservation is deemed necessary. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Especially the huge enlargement of Bright Angel trail and the Navaho hunters. The Enchanted Canyon Slade put spurs to his big horse and galloped off down the valley, leaving Lennon to trail behind with the Navahos. Bloom of Cactus A short distance to the north along the cliff there is a Navaho house, roughly rectangular in plan, which was constructed of stone obtained from this site. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The figures shown in the dry-paintings are conventionalized representations of the characters in Navaho mythology and of incidents in the myth. The North American Indian Stephen, who lived for many years among the Navaho. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 There were perhaps a hundred of them, telling the story of the religion of the Navahos. The Enchanted Canyon But he had discovered that his pony was the slowest of the mounts and that the four Navahos always kept behind him. Bloom of Cactus It was well adapted to this purpose—a fact that the Navaho have not been slow to appreciate. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Never will a Navaho occupy a tsí̆ndi hogán, and when travelling at night he will take a roundabout trail in order to avoid one. The North American Indian In the present paper two spellings of the Navaho word for hut are used. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The walls were entirely covered with Navaho and Hopi blankets. The California Birthday Book The ruins had been sufficiently restored to house Slade's trading establishment and the score or more families of his Navaho cowpunchers. Bloom of Cactus The room may have been roofless, but the same effect might have been produced by recent Navaho repairs and alterations. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The mythology and ceremonial of the Navaho exhibit unquestioned signs of being composite in origin. The North American Indian This is one of the reasons why the Navaho have no fixed habitations. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Indian School, modern blanket weavers; Navaho, reservation, N. Mex., workers in silver, shell, and turquois; Pueblo, New Mexico, makers of pottery, blanket weavers and silversmiths. Final Report of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission Slade paused to bellow guttural commands at a Navaho sheepherder who was driving a small flock down the valley. Bloom of Cactus They are always in sheltered situations, and being on the canyon bottom are much used by the Navaho as sheepfolds and have been so used for years. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The Navaho ritual probably reached its highest phase about the beginning of the nineteenth century. The North American Indian The whole Navaho country lies within what the geologists term the Plateau region, and its topography is dictated by the peculiar characteristics of that area. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Where the two came to their father: a Navaho war ceremonial. U.S. Copyright Renewals, 1971 July - December Toward sundown the old Navaho led the party clear of the shattered rock maze and up the side of a small mesa. Bloom of Cactus There are remains of four Navaho burial cists in the lower ruin, at the points shown on the ground plan. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 While the Navaho leads a wandering life, the zone of his movements is surprisingly limited; indeed the average Navaho's personal knowledge of his country is confined to a radius of not more than fifty miles. The North American Indian The direct dependence of the savage on nature as he finds it is nowhere better illustrated than on the Navaho reservation. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Where the two came to their father: a Navaho war ceremonial. U.S. Copyright Renewals, 1971 July - December The old Navaho was drinking from the second spring, less than two paces away from the first. Bloom of Cactus It contains several Navaho dead and may be of Navaho origin. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The handicraft of the Navaho is seen at its best in their blanketry, which is one of the most important industries of any Indians within our domain. The North American Indian In his calico shirt and breeches the Navaho is quite comfortable, and in the cool of the evening and night he has but to add a blanket, which he always has within reach. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 In September of 1961 I began teaching 6th grade in an Indian School on the Navaho Indian Reservation near Winslow, Arizona. The Life of Me; an autobiography Had one of his Navahos made the demand, Slade could not have been more amazed. Bloom of Cactus The whole front of the site has been filled up to a probable depth of several feet, and a number of Navaho burials have been made on it. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The origin of the textile art among the Navaho is an open question. The North American Indian Yet the Navaho are by no means nomads, and the region within which a given family moves back and forth is extremely circumscribed. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 And what a sight to behold — chiefs in full head dress from every tribe: Cherokee, Shawnee, Apache, Hopi, Navaho — every single one. Dorothy's Mystical Adventures in Oz But after he had been roughly tossed into his saddle by the Navahos, Slade brought a drink of water from the arsenic spring and offered it with mock hospitality. Bloom of Cactus Including the little cove on the left, there are seven Navaho burial places on this site. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Mexican coins, especially the peso, are the principal source of all this silverwork, the Navaho preferring this coin to our own dollar because it is heavier. The North American Indian Probably this custom of half-concealed habitations is a 484 survival from the time when the Navaho were warriors and plunderers, and lived in momentary expectation of reprisals on the part of their victims. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 We had left the trail two days before, and were hunting on our own account when the Navahoes came down. In the Heart of the Rockies Though the old Navaho found a rather shorter way out through the jumble maze of the bad lands, Lennon's mouth and throat were dust dry and his tongue swollen before the party reached the trail. Bloom of Cactus The Navaho also have contributed to the destruction. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The silver and shell bead jewelry of the Navaho is his savings bank. The North American Indian Although the average Navaho family may be said to be in almost constant movement, they are not at all nomads, yet the term has frequently been applied to them. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Besides, the Navahoes and the Apaches have got no fear of white men. In the Heart of the Rockies One of the Navahos had dismounted and run forward to stone the rattlesnake. Bloom of Cactus The Navaho throw the wood over the cliffs, afterward gathering up the fragments below and carrying them on their backs to their hogans at various points on the canyon bottom. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Most Navaho ceremonies are conducted, at least primarily, for the purpose of healing disease; and while designated medicine ceremonies, they are, in fact, ritualistic prayers. The North American Indian Each family moves back and forth within a certain circumscribed area, and the smallness of this area is one of the most remarkable things in Navaho life. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 As the Navahoes must have ridden down, Harry, there must be water. In the Heart of the Rockies Lennon watched until his enemy had sat down on the sand opposite the Navahos. Bloom of Cactus The Navaho call it the Bat trail, on account of its difficulties. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Formerly they wore bangs in front on a line with the cheek-bones and tied their hair in a knot at the back of the head, as the Navaho and the Pueblo Indians do. The North American Indian Ninety per cent of the Navaho one meets on the reservation are mounted and usually riding at a gallop, apparently bent on some important business at a far-distant point. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Sam was drowned in the Colorado, Ben shot by the Navahoes. In the Heart of the Rockies He signed one of the Navahos to use his canteen. Bloom of Cactus Some of these trails at least are of Navaho origin. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The most typical of their baskets is tray-shaped; this not only enters largely into their domestic life, but was formerly the principal article of barter with their Pueblo neighbors and Navaho kindred. The North American Indian It is an exceptional Navaho who knows the country well 60 miles about his birthplace, or the place where he may be living, usually the same thing. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Except two or three men who remained on watch on the opposite bank, though carefully keeping out of rifle-range, they saw no signs of the Navahoes during the day. In the Heart of the Rockies The old Navaho held the spout of the big tin coffee pot to his lips and poured until the last drop of muddy black fluid drained from the grounds. Bloom of Cactus It is now marked by a cluster of Navaho burial cists. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Arts and Industries—The Navaho are known the world over for their skill in weaving. The North American Indian The waters are usually regarded by the Navaho as the common property of the tribe, but the cultivable lands in the vicinity are held by the individuals and families as exclusively their own. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 "Leaping Horse went up the rocks to see if Navahoes have gone." In the Heart of the Rockies At a signal from the Navaho he again vanished. Bloom of Cactus The Navaho would not use the timber in cliff ruins under any circumstances, and they would rather starve than eat food cooked with it. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Practically every Navaho woman is a weaver, and the blanketry produced is one of the most important handicrafts of any tribe of North American Indians. The North American Indian Later as the tribe increased and game became scarcer, the cultivation of corn increased, but until ten years ago more grain was obtained in trade from the Pueblos than was grown in the Navaho country. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 I believe when the soldiers rode up I was about as glad to get a drink from one of their bottles as I was that the Navahoes bolted when they saw them coming. In the Heart of the Rockies The Navahos leaned against the wicker sides of the cage in stolid silence, their faces more than ever like bronze images. Bloom of Cactus Immense numbers of these storage cists are found in the canyon, some of them with masonry so roughly executed that it is difficult to discriminate between the old pueblo and the modern Navaho work. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Political Organization—The government of the Navaho is rather loose; indeed, inasmuch as they have no head-chief strictly such, it may be said that they have no tribal government. The North American Indian The Navaho are a fine, athletic race of men, living a free and independent life. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 "Does my brother speak the language of the Navahoes?" the chief asked in that tongue. In the Heart of the Rockies The moment the occupants jumped from the cage the Navaho allowed the crane to swing out again over the cliff edge. Bloom of Cactus The masonry is quite as good as that of the houses, and much superior to the Navaho work. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The ceremony celebrating maturity of girls among the Navaho is held generally on the fourth night after the first evidence of the maiden's entrance into womanhood. The North American Indian On the other hand, under the stress of modern conditions, the Navaho are surely, although very slowly, turning to agriculture, and apparently show some disposition to form small communities. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The fellows you are going to see are Navahoes, though not good specimens of the tribe, or they would not be down here to sell ponies. In the Heart of the Rockies Though the horses were kept at a fast trot, the Navahos ran along beside them, seemingly without effort. Bloom of Cactus They are all of Navaho origin and in many of them the remains of Navaho dead may still be seen. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Dwellings—Whatever its form or stability, the Navaho house is called hogán. The North American Indian Many of the modern houses of the Navaho in the mountainous and timbered regions are built of logs, sometimes hewn. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 You must have a talk with him one of these days over his adventures among the 'Rappahoes and Navahoes, who are both as troublesome rascals as are to be found on the plains. In the Heart of the Rockies A glance at the Navahos showed Lennon that they were already taking aim. Bloom of Cactus Possibly it was derived from the Navaho name of the place, Ts�-gi. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The Navaho are also skilful silversmiths, having learned the art of metal-working from the Spaniards. The North American Indian After that nothing would induce a Navaho to touch a piece of the wood or even approach the immediate vicinity of the place; even years afterward such places are recognized and avoided. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 "Garrison was with me among the 'Rappahoes; and the Shoshone hunter, Wind-that-blows, was with me when the Navahoes came on our trail." In the Heart of the Rockies For the first time he saw that the Navahos were no longer alongside him. Bloom of Cactus This region was roamed over by bands of renegade Ute and Navaho, who were constantly making trouble, and for fifteen years was apparently not visited by whites. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 There are numerous other clanship groups derived from adopted peoples now recognized as being distinctly Navaho; the first sixteen clans here named are accepted in the tribe as being strictly Navaho in origin. The North American Indian This custom has had much to do with the temporary character of the Navaho houses, for men are born to die, and they must die somewhere. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The Navahos, on the other hand, are of Athabascan stock, coming from the north, and are blood brothers of the Tinnehs of Alaska, and the fierce and warlike Apaches of Southern Arizona. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The three Navahos had spread out along the canal, and Pete had hidden at the ruined hut. Bloom of Cactus In the Tunicha mountains the Navaho raise corn at an altitude of nearly 8,000 feet, but they often lose the crop from drought or from frost. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 CurtisThese three gods appear in the order shown when seen in the rites of the Navaho Night Chant. The North American Indian The Navaho recognize two distinct classes of hogáns—the keqaí or winter place, and the kejĭ´n, or summer place; in other words, winter huts and summer shelters. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Why, then, should not the Navaho woman have brought the art of weaving, possibly in a very primitive stage, from her original Alaskan home? The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Lennon flung himself in past the young Navaho. Bloom of Cactus Usually water can be obtained anywhere in the bottom by sinking a shallow well in the sand, and it is by this method that the Navaho, the present occupants of the canyon, obtain their supply. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 An old woman joined the Navaho from the salt lakes to the south, heading the Ashĭhín clan. The North American Indian Rude as this shelter is, it is regarded by the Navaho as sufficient when no better is available. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Day after day, however, one may see the carding, spinning and weaving processes in the Hopi House at El Tovar, where a little colony of Navahos is maintained. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Across the living room he saw Pete cauterizing a bullet wound on the bare arm of a fellow Navaho with the astringent red sap of the sangre de dragon tree. Bloom of Cactus The Navaho hogans are generally placed directly on the bottoms; the ruins are always so located as to overlook them. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Such earthenware as they did make was practically the same as that of the Navaho, mostly in the form of small cooking vessels. The North American Indian Then the Sun acknowledged them as his sons and gave the elder one the magic weapons with which he destroyed the evil genii who infested the Navaho land. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 At Tuba City there are many Navahos living in their hogans, where the rude silversmiths are at work creating their "arts and crafts" ware, and the looms of the blanket-weavers are incessantly busy. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it A guttural command in Navaho and a careless wave of the revolver brought Pete and his wounded but still active companion hurrying forward. Bloom of Cactus The Navaho sites, as a whole, are far superior to the village sites. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 It is contended by some that the early Spanish missionaries taught the Navaho to weave; but why should the white man be accredited with this art? The North American Indian But many of the arts of the Navaho, and especially their house building, grew out of and conformed to the old methods of life. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 There was a trail for horses and burros, however, and the driver yielded to the Navaho's guidance. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The young Navaho sprang forward, jabbering to his fellow tribesman. Bloom of Cactus After 88 the Harvest season it is the practice of the Navaho to abandon the canyon for the winter, driving their flocks and carrying the season's produce to more open localities in the neighboring valleys. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Blankets woven in a great variety of designs from coarse, loose-spun yarn dyed with commercial dyes of many shades; these are the Navaho blankets of commerce. The North American Indian The Navaho also makes a distinction between heavy 509 rain and light rain. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 But perhaps it is in his every-day horsemanship that the Navaho shows himself the superior man. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it He cauterized the wound with sangre de dragon sap, cursing blasphemously and barking commands at the Navahos. Bloom of Cactus But, aside from the peaches, De Chelly was until recently the great agricultural center of the Navaho tribe, and large quantities of corn, melons, pumpkins, beans, etc, were and are raised there every year. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Compared with the Navaho their life seems almost lacking in ceremony, but when contrasted with the various Yuman tribes on the Colorado and Gila rivers of Arizona it is fairly rich. The North American Indian Any kind of timber growing in the vicinity is used; but as groves of piñon and juniper are most abundant in the Navaho country, these are the kinds usually employed. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 A few years ago at Tuba City, I saw a large band of Navahos unite with the Hopis in their dances and ceremonies of harvest thanksgiving. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Slade spoke a fierce command to Pete in the Navaho tongue and rushed out through the opening to which the Indian had pointed. Bloom of Cactus At no fewer than five places within the ruin there are comparatively recent Navaho burials. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Because of their pastoral life the Navaho are not villagers. The North American Indian The author is indebted to Dr Washington Matthews, the well-known authority on the Navaho Indians, for revising the spelling of native terms occurring throughout the text. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 There are five falls in all, occurring in the following order: Havasupai, Navaho, Bridal Veil, Mooney and Beaver. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Before he had reached the opening, the wounded Navaho bounded back into the room. Bloom of Cactus It is located on a slightly raised part of the bottom, commanding an outlook over a large area now under cultivation by the Navaho. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 No Navaho will go near such a house or touch anything taken from it. The North American Indian The proper form is qoġán, but in and around the Navaho country it has become an adopted English word under the corrupt form hogán. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The next day the Navahos had their turn. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it She was speaking rapidly to the young Navaho in mingled Spanish and English. Bloom of Cactus The rooms are now almost filled with d�bris, but two of them are still intact, being kept in order by the Navaho 97 and used for the storage of corn. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 If a meal were cooked with decayed wood from a hogán a hundred years deserted, a Navaho, even if starving, could not be induced to partake of it. The North American Indian It is probably on this account that the Navaho are divided into two principal bands, under different leaders. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Apaches in the south, Comanches and Navahos in the east, Utes and Navahos in the north, Mohaves and Yumas in the west began to encroach upon them. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Pete came to a pause and cast a stealthy glance at his fellow Navaho. Bloom of Cactus This dividing wall is probably of Navaho origin, as the separate rooms formed by it are too small for habitation and the masonry is very rough. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Many of the Navaho men are skilled silversmiths. The North American Indian San Juan river forms a short section of the northeastern boundary of the Navaho country, and this is practically the only perennial stream to which they have access. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 First the Havasupais were born, then the Apaches, then the Wallapais, then the Hopis, then the Paiutes, then the Navahos. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Not improbably, Coronado or others of the early Spanish explorers had ridden this trail, west and north around the great bend, into the territory of the Moquis and Navahos. Bloom of Cactus It is in the northeast corner, at a point where the wall has fallen and been replaced by a Navaho burial cist also fallen in ruin, and was constructed of stone. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The Navaho become so skilled in this work that they can draw a line as fine as a broad pencil mark. The North American Indian New Mexico and Arizona came into the possession of the United States in 1846, and prior to that time the Navaho lived chiefly by war and plunder. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Ten miles from Grand View is Navaho Point, over seven thousand feet elevation. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Someone had covered him over with a finely woven old Navaho rug. Bloom of Cactus Many of these have been utilized for modern Navaho burials, and perhaps some of them were constructed for that purpose. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 In July 7304 Navaho, the remainder having died or escaped, arrived at Fort Wingate on the way to their old home, where they have since lived in peace and prosperity. The North American Indian It has long been famous among the Navaho as the horticultural center of the tribe, and for its peach crops, derived from thousands of trees planted in sheltered nooks. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 By and by they build up quite a mound of these stones, and, it is on these that the Navaho Indians often find the garnets, rubies and peridots they offer for sale. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Cochise came galloping to the cliff foot with his band of Apaches and four or five Navahos. Bloom of Cactus It formerly may have been used for storage, but at present contains only some remains of Navaho burials. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 CurtisThese deific characters in Navaho mythology, though beneficent always, have no special functions to perform. The North American Indian It is doubtful whether there are more than a few dozens of Navaho living west of the mountains who know anything of the country to the east, and vice versa. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 This amphitheatre receives its name from Hotouta, the son of Navaho, the last great Havasupai chief. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The Navahos, who were dressed as Mexicans, already had the prospecting outfit lashed on a pack horse. Bloom of Cactus These later additions may have been made by the Navaho, who used the building material on the ground; at any rate the structure is now merely a cluster of storage cists. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 With how many such paintings the Navaho medicine-men are familiar is an unanswered question; but more than sixty have been noted, some of them most elaborate. The North American Indian There are thousands of these tcĭ´ndi hogáns scattered over the reservation, not always recognizable as such by whites, but the Navaho is unerring in identifying them. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The Navaho shows, in the build of his flexible body, that he is a horseman, a rider. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it On the edge of this devil's dooryard of bare rocks and no less dry and sterile ravines Slade gave over the lead to the oldest of his Navahos. Bloom of Cactus They resemble in plan Navaho cists, but the masonry, which is exactly like the other walls here, will not permit the hypothesis of Navaho construction. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Curtis The most pronounced dread manifested by the Navaho is that derived from their belief respecting the spirits of the dead. The North American Indian To the Navaho the house 488 is beautiful to the extent that it is well constructed and to the degree that it adheres to the ancient model. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 In winter, a Navaho blanket was worn over the shoulders. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Lennon studied the landscape until he noticed that the Navaho leader had headed south of east instead of north. Bloom of Cactus The western room was pierced by a window opening which was subsequently filled up, possibly by the Navaho, who have five burial cists here. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 A treaty was therefore made with the Navaho in 1868, one of the provisions of which was the purchase of fifteen thousand sheep to replenish their exterminated flocks. The North American Indian Curiously enough, nowhere in Navaho tradition is any mention or suggestion made of the use by them of skin lodges. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 In almost every pueblo of Arizona and New Mexico, and in many a Navaho hogan, one may find the primitive silversmith at work. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The presence of the Navahos made his contemptuous silence doubly galling. Bloom of Cactus Some of these sites are now marked only by Navaho remains, and possibly a small percentage of them are of Navaho making, but the sites which are clearly and unmistakably Navaho are not mentioned here. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The system seems to be a very fair one, and in time of stress is certainly a boon to the impecunious Navaho. The North American Indian In building the Navaho hogán Qastcéyalçi was assisted by Qastcéqoġan, the God of Sunset, the complementary nature god of the north and west, who is not so uniformly benignant as the former. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Archeologists and ethnologists generally assume that the art of weaving on the loom was learned by the Navahos from their Pueblo neighbors. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it He spurred his jaded pony forward to the mesquite bushes where the Navahos were unsaddling, and slipped off to dip his empty canteen in the largest spring. Bloom of Cactus The rudest walls are much superior to the masonry of the Navaho cists which are found in conjunction with them and which are constructed on a different method. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 In consequence, bitter enmity early arose between the Mexicans and the Navaho, which reached its height about the time Col. The North American Indian Perhaps the most primitive and simple shelter the Navaho builds is a circle or part-circle of green boughs, generally pine or cedar. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The Navaho grumbled and gesticulated, and showed unmistakable anger, but I took the matter coolly and, after seeing the extent of the damage, quietly asked the head of the family: "Tu-kwe peso?" The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it He saw one of the Navahos rake out of the embers of the evening's fire a torpid tarantula as big as his hand. Bloom of Cactus Much of this is due to subsequent Navaho occupancy, and many ruins are used today by these Indians as sheepfolds. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 One by one the young Navaho warriors leaped wildly and struck out for the hole in the cliff, but none could thrust his hand into it. The North American Indian He employed several Navaho to do the work under his own supervision. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The Navaho got it into his head that the wagon was to be driven up the slope on to the mesa, an impossible thing without making a road. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The country was now unknown ground even to the old Navaho guide. Bloom of Cactus Doubtless the old practice resembled somewhat that followed by the Navaho today. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 But for the third time the Navaho chief declared the test insufficient. The North American Indian These little huts, scarcely as high as a man’s hip, look like children’s playhouses, but they occupy an important place both in the elaborate religious ceremonies and in the daily life of the Navaho. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The Navaho is superstitious about several things: If any one dies in the hogan it is henceforth "tabu." The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it He took care that Slade and the Navahos thought he was going by memory. Bloom of Cactus Storage Cist in Canyon De Chelly A little below this site there are some well-executed pictographs, and on some rocks immediately to the right some crude work of the Navaho of the same sort. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 CurtisIn Navaho mythology there are numerous references to benevolent female deities, who are personated in medicine rites by men wearing masks, as shown in this plate. The North American Indian According to this myth, the çó‘tce were made by the Sun when the famous twins, Nayénĕzgani and Ço‘badjĭstcíni, who play so large a part in Navaho mythology, were sent to him by Estsánatlehi. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Another tabu of the Navaho is his fear of seeing his mother-in-law. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The other Navahos lashed Lennon to his saddle and drove his pony before them, along with the pack horse. Bloom of Cactus Not all the Navaho dead in the canyon find their last resting place in the ruins. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Curtis The Navaho marriage ceremony is always held at the home of the girl. The North American Indian Up to a comparatively recent period the Navaho have been what is usually termed a “wild tribe;” that is, they have existed principally by war and plunder. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Fish is another object placed under the Navaho ban. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it An instant later the Navaho straightened up with his hand gripped about the snake's neck close behind the deadly triangular head. Bloom of Cactus The agility and dexterity of the Navaho in climbing the cliffs is remarkable, and possibly some of the sites now apparently inaccessible are not so considered by them. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Curtis The domestic equipment of the Navaho is simplicity itself and reflects the simple life of the tribe. The North American Indian But with the removal of the duty on wool a new era opened for the Navaho. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The trader's store-yard was the plaza, and the roofs of all the buildings on the three sides of the square were covered with Navaho spectators. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it He turned his back on the prisoner and walked over to where the old Navaho was starting a fire for the inevitable flapjacks, bacon, and coffee. Bloom of Cactus As before stated, the typical Navaho burial cist is of dome shape. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 The women are an important factor in the Navaho tribe. The North American Indian The result of these works must be eventually to collect the Navaho into small communities, and practically to destroy the present pastoral life and replace it with new and, perhaps, improved conditions. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The next day we pushed on to Oraibi, piloted by a Navaho. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it A sideward glance told Lennon that his deadly play had not been heeded by Slade and the Navahos. Bloom of Cactus There is a tradition in the Navaho tribe, however, now very difficult to get, as it is confined to a few of the old priests. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Although raiders and plunderers since known to history, the Navaho cannot be designated a warring tribe, for however courageous they may be, their lack of political integrity has ever been an obstacle to military organization. The North American Indian Such houses are a wide departure from the original ideas of house structures of the Navaho. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Indeed, the Navahos and Hopis may be seen together, on the one excursion described in an earlier chapter. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Slade had taken the pinto pony of the youngest Navaho, who rode double with one of the other men. Bloom of Cactus It recites the occupancy of the canyon before the Navaho obtained possession of it, but, curiously enough, this period is placed after the Spanish invasion. The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198 Although divided into many bands, like the Apache, the Navaho, unlike them, were not engaged in ceaseless depredation, their sporadic raids having been conducted by small parties quite independent of any organized tribal movement. The North American Indian The songs are addressed to each of the cardinal points, because in the Navaho system different groups of deities are assigned to each of these points. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 The Navahos are the warlike nomads of the desert. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The old Navaho raised a shrill quavering wail that carried like the howl of a coyote. Bloom of Cactus The Navahos seized him on either side and forced him down again. Bloom of Cactus CurtisThis, the Talking God, is the chief character in Navaho mythology. The North American Indian The Navaho prays that his house may cover many of both hard and soft possessions. Navaho Houses, pages 469-518 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898 Around the waist was a similar black wool mat, fastened on with a Navaho belt of silver disks. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The Navaho wheeled his pony and raced away down cañon on the back trail. Bloom of Cactus Pete and his fellow Navaho stood as if turned to stone. Bloom of Cactus An important deity of the Navaho, but appearing infrequently in their mythology and ceremonies. The North American Indian At his harsh question the wounded Navaho thrust out a slim finger toward one of the rear exits from the living room. Bloom of Cactus It is not to be wondered at that the Navaho is an expert horseman. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The man sent back by Slade evidently was riding to summon reinforcements of Navahos from the pueblo. Bloom of Cactus As she fell, Pete and the other Navaho caught hold of her. Bloom of Cactus These paintings, compared with the beautiful, conventional productions of the Navaho, are crude; in making them the Apache always attempt to picture the objects literally rather than to represent them conventionally or symbolically. The North American Indian At sight of the other Navaho and Lennon she paused. Bloom of Cactus In the morning, when we went down for our animals, we found that they had broken through the flimsy fence of the Navaho, and had worked considerable havoc in his corn-patch. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Lennon and the three Navahos crowded in after him. Bloom of Cactus He grunted to the other Navaho and swung the crane outward as the tightening rope lifted the girl above the sacks of corn. Bloom of Cactus "To the two men," said the vaunting young Navaho, "who will fight their way to the homes of these boasted beauties and bring to me their jewel-plaited scalps, will I give my sisters." The North American Indian The Navaho lowered away with a deliberation that set Lennon's teeth on edge. Bloom of Cactus To see the Navaho in the Hopi House making silverware, or watch his wife weaving blankets, is one thing. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it One of the Navahos leaped high to grasp the guy rope of the crane. Bloom of Cactus Lennon had counted upon this dread and uncertainty of the young Navaho. Bloom of Cactus When the brother returned to the Navaho people, he told them that his sisters were quite happy, and with the songs he had learned from them he originated the Hozhónĭ Hatál, Happiness Chant. The North American Indian The wounded Navaho was peering down from a hole in the ceiling. Bloom of Cactus The greatest chief of the Navahos is a good friend of mine, and it was by his kind invitation that I was privileged to see this never-to-be-forgotten sight. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it He was Pete, the Navaho who had been with the Apaches under the cliff house on the day that Cochise had trapped Lennon and Carmena. Bloom of Cactus The Navaho helped him draw up into the dark room above. Bloom of Cactus Ceremonies—The Navaho life is particularly rich in ceremony and ritual, second only to some of the Pueblo groups. The North American Indian But the earlier the start of the fugitives, the better would be their chance of escape if the Navahos should seek to track them down. Bloom of Cactus From the earliest days the Navahos have been expert dyers, their colors being black, brick-red, russet, blue, yellow, and a greenish yellow akin to an old gold shade. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it When they scented the Navahos they snorted with terror, and all but two managed to bolt clear. Bloom of Cactus Burial—The Navaho dead are buried by others than immediate relatives in unmarked graves. The North American Indian Like the Navaho they make but little pottery, and that only for utilitarian purposes. The North American Indian Curtis The Navaho are a pastoral, semi-nomadic people whose activities centre in their flocks and small farms. The North American Indian The road was uncertain, so we camped on the rim above, leading our animals down, as best we could, to a Navaho hogan, where we thought we might get water and some cornstalks for them. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it With the white men and Pete mounted and the unmounted Navahos each gripping the mane of a horse, the party rushed up the valley at redoubled speed. Bloom of Cactus Most of the baskets used by the Navaho in their ceremonies, however, are purchased from neighboring tribes, especially the Havasupai and the Paiute, who weave them primarily for purposes of trade. The North American Indian Back and forth in all parts of this vast region the Navaho drive their flocks. The North American Indian The Navaho tribe, second only to the Sioux in numbers, have been the least affected by civilizing influences. The North American Indian Hopi, Acoma, Santa Clara, Zuni and, other pottery abounds side by side with Navaho blankets, war clubs, bridles, quirts, moccasins, Sioux beadwork, pouches, and baby-carrying baskets. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The Navaho glanced over the edge of the bank toward the cliff house and dashed obliquely back into the dry channel, his hand twisting in swift signs. Bloom of Cactus For years, they have been known as the Moki, a term of reproach applied in derision by the Navahos. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it As the chief human touch of the great southwestern desert the Navaho are the artist's joy, and as a subject for the ethnologist their ceremonial life furnishes limitless material for study. The North American Indian This is made in the same style as the sashes which the Hopi and Navaho women wear around their waists, but is neither so broad nor so long. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Among the Navahos the women invariably do the weaving though in the past a few men were experts in the art. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The old Navaho led the way up the side of the reservoir, with Pete a close second. Bloom of Cactus Yet, as is well known, the Navahos are a part of the great Athabascan family, which has scattered, by separate migrations, from Alaska into California, Arizona and New Mexico. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The Navaho woman weaves her blanket not so much for profit as for love of the work. The North American Indian Many of the Alaskans are good weavers, and according to Navaho traditions, their ancestors, when they came into the country, wore blankets that were made of cedar bark and yucca fibre. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it In appearance, the Hopi and Havasupai are more alike than either are like to the Navaho. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The only other explanation was that the Navaho had been posted as guard at the cross cliff. Bloom of Cactus When I first knew them, the men seldom wore more than a pair of moccasins and a breechcloth in summer, with buckskin shirt and trousers, and a Navaho blanket over the shoulders in winter. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it While the statement is made that the Navaho were never a warlike people, it must not be presumed that they never caused our Government trouble. The North American Indian The Navahos live on a reservation which covers several hundred square miles, extending along the northern borders of New Mexico and Arizona where few travelers go. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Of equal interest is the making of silverware by the Navaho peshlikai, or silversmith, whose primitive forge is in the first room entered at the Hopi House. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The thwack and screech of a glanced bullet that flicked a spurt of gravel into Lennon's face, warned him that the Navahos were not doing all the firing. Bloom of Cactus The quality and value of a Navaho blanket is governed largely by the fineness of the weave. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Kit Carson led his volunteers to the Cañon de Chelly, the Navaho stronghold, where in a fight he succeeded in killing twenty-three, capturing thirty-four, and compelling two hundred to surrender. The North American Indian The products of the Pueblo looms are readily distinguishable from those of the Navahos, the latter having far out-distanced the Pueblos in the excellence of their work. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The Old Blanket Room contains an assortment of the rarer and older Navaho, Mexican and Chimillo blankets, some of which are in the exquisite old colors used before modern aniline dyes were known. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it By close scrutiny, Lennon made out a brown form wriggling away behind a clump of cactus that shut off the view of Slade and the Navahos. Bloom of Cactus Only among the Hopi, are blankets made that in any way resemble the work of the Navahos. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it A few baskets, of a single form, are made, and for ceremonial use only, most so-called Navaho ceremonial baskets being manufactured by neighboring tribes. The North American Indian Generally a Hopi man weaver can be found at work in the Hopi House, as well as Navaho women weavers. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it After the fleece has been sheared, the Navaho woman proceeds to wash it. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it But he continued to rake the rocks and cactus clumps with frequent shots, while the Navahos in the ditch followed along the flank of their half-exposed enemies. Bloom of Cactus There are certain Navaho blankets much sought after by the collector, especially those rare old specimens made of purely native dye, the colors of which have softened into harmonious tones. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it All these then became clanship groups bearing names now applied to various Navaho clans. The North American Indian Especially should he stand on faraway Navaho Point, or Desert View. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it In spite of the fact that the Navahos have seen the spinning wheels in use by the Mexicans and Mormons, they have never cared either to make or adopt them. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it As he looked down, the two Navahos broke from the last scant cover and came leaping and zigzagging up toward the cliff foot. Bloom of Cactus In addition to the products of the vertical loom, the Navaho and Pueblo women weave a variety of smaller articles all of which are remarkable for their strength, durability and striking designs. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it |
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