| 单词 | Mycenaean |
| 例句 | For instance, there is no hint that Linear B was used or understood by any Mycenaean Greek beyond small cadres of palace bureaucrats. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z For the same reason, we can be sure that the Linear B syllabary of Mycenaean Greece had been adapted by around 1400 B.C. from the Linear A syllabary of Minoan Crete. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Linear B, the writing of Mycenaean Greece, was at least simpler, being based on a syllabary of about 90 signs plus logograms. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z He had also bought a gift for Henry: a corpus of Mycenaean inscriptions from Knossos. The Secret History 1992-10-16T00:00:00Z For instance, with the fall of Mycenaean Greek civilization, around 1200 B.C., Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Syllabaries were common in ancient times, as exemplified by the Linear B writing of Mycenaean Greece. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Also stolen was a seal ring dating to Late Bronze Age Mycenaean times. ArtsBeat: Gunmen Steal Dozens of Antiquities in Greece's Second Big Museum Theft This Year 2012-02-17T20:41:48Z In the century and a half since Schliemann’s great discoveries, the excavation of other Mycenaean palatial sites — including Tiryns, Gla and Pylos — continued to expand the contemporary understanding of the Bronze Age world. Unearthing Everyday Life at an Ancient Site in Greece 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z A papyrus from 1,400 B.C., for instance, shows that Mycenaean mercenaries fought on Egypt’s side against Libyan invaders. Review | From the Pharaohs to Cleopatra and Julius Caesar: how Egypt influenced Greece and Rome 2018-06-22T04:00:00Z In 1876, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann began excavating the fabled city of Mycenae and, in uncovering treasure-laden grave circles of ancient kings, turned the world’s attention to the Mycenaean civilization. Unearthing Everyday Life at an Ancient Site in Greece 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z It was built a thousand years before the Mycenaean culture of ancient Greece began to write things down. Hey, Irish Americans: Your "Celtic" tattoo isn't Celtic — because that whole idea was made up 2023-03-17T04:00:00Z Beneath an olive grove next to the original palatial discovery, the team uncovered a large residential and commercial complex that has provided a rare and much-sought-after glimpse into conventional Mycenaean culture. Unearthing Everyday Life at an Ancient Site in Greece 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z What these singers forget is that Elektra is a princess, the daughter of the Mycenaean king Agamemnon and Klytaemnestra, the wife who kills him. Review: In Staatsoper’s ‘Elektra,’ an Ax-Wielder With Royal Bearing 2015-04-08T04:00:00Z One of his dreams, Dr. Cosmopoulos said, is to turn the ancient town into an open-air museum where people can visit and learn about Mycenaean culture. Unearthing Everyday Life at an Ancient Site in Greece 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z Furthering the show’s visual combustion are an ancient Minoan octopus vase and Mycenaean statuettes excavated on Crete and eight sculptures and masks from various African peoples. Revealing a Secret Art Life: A Painter’s Sculptures 2018-09-06T04:00:00Z Recovered animal bones and charred plant remains have revealed the importance of cows, sheep and pigs and the prevalence of olives and grapes in local Mycenaean agriculture. Unearthing Everyday Life at an Ancient Site in Greece 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z Over the past 16 years, the work at Iklaina represents the most comprehensive excavation of a Mycenaean regional capital. Unearthing Everyday Life at an Ancient Site in Greece 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z Fischer told The Associated Press that along with Mycenaean pottery, the Cypriot variety was “the most popular on the ‘intercultural’ market” of the time, reaching as far as modern-day Spain, Iraq, Turkey and Sudan. Jewelry, ornate pottery show 3,000-year-old Cypriot city was a key trading hub, scientist says 2023-07-11T04:00:00Z Those exploits almost always revolved around warfare, immortalized in Homer’s account of the Mycenaean siege of Troy, a city in western Anatolia whose ruins were discovered in the late nineteenth century CE. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z The Bronze Age culture that produced Linear B is called Mycenaean since the largest Bronze Age city in Greece was at Mycenae. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z In what is now Greece, the great cities of the Mycenaean civilization were abandoned or destroyed. Drought may have doomed this ancient empire — a warning for today’s climate crisis 2023-02-08T05:00:00Z But during the later Mycenaean period in Greece—the time Homer mythologized—the new data suggest Yamnaya descendants had little impact on Greek social structure. ‘Phenomenal’ ancient DNA data set provides clues to origin of farming and early languages 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z It is based on the family of Agamemnon, the Mycenaean king who commanded the Greeks at Troy. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z There is even evidence that the Hittites enacted the world’s first embargo of shipping and goods against the Mycenaeans in retaliation for Mycenaean meddling in Hittite affairs. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaean Greeks were divided into a number of separate kingdoms. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Athens became an important centre of the Mycenaean civilization around 1400 bc; Rome was founded in the eighth century bc; Alexandria dates from 332 bc. How did ancient cities weather crises? 2020-07-13T04:00:00Z Evidence comes in part from the spectacular Mycenaean burial of the Griffin Warrior, a man who died in 1450 B.C.E. near Pylos, Greece. ‘Phenomenal’ ancient DNA data set provides clues to origin of farming and early languages 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z Strong rulers controlled the areas around other Mycenaean cities, such as Tiryns and Athens. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Mycenaean civilization collapsed utterly, leading to a Greek “dark age” that lasted some three centuries. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z The palaces of Mycenaean Greece were destroyed, perhaps following revolts by the lower class and natural disasters like climate change and earthquakes. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z From further study of these objects, the two archaeologists now believe the warrior had both military and priestly functions as did the king or “wanax” described in inscriptions from the later Mycenaean period. Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z The US researchers say their discovery will provide new clues about early Mycenaean trade and culture. Bronze Age royal tombs unearthed in Greece 2019-12-18T05:00:00Z Mycenaean traders soon sailed throughout the eastern Mediterranean, making stops at Aegean islands, coastal towns in Anatolia, and ports in Syria, Egypt, Italy, and Crete. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z In the following decades, other groups that remain impossible to identify precisely appear to have sacked the Mycenaean palace complexes and various cities across the Near East. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z The Mycenaean kingdoms in Greece and the Hittite kingdom in Anatolia suffered greatly and collapsed. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Archaeologists see the new finds at Pylos as helping to clarify the early relationship between the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z The ministry said the discovery was particularly important as it shed light on the early phases of Greece’s Mycenaean civilization. Archaeologists in Greece find 3,500-year-old royal tombs 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Although the exact nature of the Trojan War remains unclear, this attack on Troy was almost certainly one of the last Mycenaean battle campaigns. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z One strong possibility is that there was a sustained civil war among the Mycenaean palace-settlements that resulted in a fatal disruption to the economic setting that was essential to their very existence. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations emerged on the Aegean island of Crete and on mainland Greece. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Two large tombs have been discovered and excavated at the site of the ancient city of Pylos in southern Greece, suggesting that Pylos played a surprisingly prominent role in early Mycenaean civilization. Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z The Mycenaean era, between roughly 1650-1100 B.C. provided the material for many of the myths and legends of ancient Greece including that of the Trojan War. Archaeologists in Greece find 3,500-year-old royal tombs 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Not long after the Trojan War, Mycenaean civilization collapsed. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z They purported to recount the deeds of great heroes from the Mycenaean age, in the process providing a rich tapestry of information about ancient Greek values, beliefs, and practices to later cultures. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Minoan culture strongly influenced the art and culture of the Mycenaean civilization that followed it. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The period is of critical interest because it saw the formation of the Mycenaean civilization, which lasted from around 1600 to 1200 B.C.E., when many of its major cities were burned in an unknown catastrophe. Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z The Mycenaean civilization dominated much of Greece from around 1600-1100 B.C. and may have provided material for Homer’s epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, as well as later Greek legends. Greece: New bid to understand prehistoric engineering feat 2019-11-08T05:00:00Z Around 1200 B.C., sea raiders attacked and burned many Mycenaean cities. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Analyses of the newly discovered, unlooted tombs may help shed light on the Mycenaean civilization, the ministry said. Grave robbers missed these ancient Greek graves 2019-08-14T04:00:00Z Philistine cities resemble artifacts from the Mycenaean empire of Greece, the ancient power that, according to myth, battled Troy. Biblical Philistines—archenemies of ancient Israelites—hailed from Europe, DNA reveals 2019-07-03T04:00:00Z The later Mycenaean period is the setting for Homer’s epics and such heroes as Agamemnon of Mycene. Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Despite its size, Glas wasn’t even an autonomous regional center and was probably controlled by nearby Orchomenos, home to one of Greece’s biggest Mycenaean tombs built for a local ruler. Greece: New bid to understand prehistoric engineering feat 2019-11-08T05:00:00Z Linear B tablets used to document palace transactions during the Mycenaean Period – inscriptions known as the earliest preserved form of written Greek – were decoded for guidelines. Scents of antiquity revived for exhibition at Athens museum 2018-05-30T04:00:00Z The Mycenaean civilization flourished from the 17th to the 12th centuries B.C. Grave robbers missed these ancient Greek graves 2019-08-14T04:00:00Z His proposed site was near the ruins of a fortress dating back more than three millennia to the Mycenaean era, and the authority worried other vulnerable relics may lie in the area. In Greece, the Authority Investors Fear Most: Its Archaeologists 2018-03-08T05:00:00Z The period is called the Mycenaean because Homer portrays the city’s king, Agamemnon, as leader of the Greek fleet that set out to recapture Helen of Troy. Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Is there anything comparable, in terms of naturalistic depictions of the human body in action, in Minoan or Mycenaean art? A Grecian Artifact Evokes Tales From the ‘Iliad’ and ‘Odyssey’ 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z The number of Minoan artifacts in his tomb indicate he could have been a member of the Minoan elite or a Mycenaean who was captivated by the Minoan culture. Ancient Greek 'Masterpiece' Revealed on Thumb-Size Gem 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z The exhibition contrasts the wartime codebreakers with their contemporaries who were working on deciphering Linear B inscriptions in Mycenaean Greek, the oldest writing system in Europe. Alan Turing’s school report reveals little of his genius 2017-10-23T04:00:00Z But the Bronze Age Mycenaean and Minoan skeletons revealed ancestry from populations originating in either the Caucasus mountains or Iran. DNA clue to origins of early Greek civilization - BBC News 2017-08-02T04:00:00Z The new finds at Pylos raise the question of whether the ancient city may have had a greater importance at the beginning of the Mycenaean period, maybe even more than Mycene. Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Local chieftains, as the Griffin Warrior may have been, used precious items from Crete to advertise their membership in the Greek-speaking elite of the incipient Mycenaean civilization, the first on mainland Europe. A Grecian Artifact Evokes Tales From the ‘Iliad’ and ‘Odyssey’ 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z For decades it remained the final destination for all new finds, including the striking wealth of the Mycenaean royal tombs excavated in southern Greece. AP PHOTOS: Greek museum’s birthday show packed with history 2016-11-04T04:00:00Z The grave throws light on a dramatic historical process, the extension of the Minoan culture of Crete to southern Greece, where it formed the basis of Mycenaean civilization, the first in mainland Europe. In Greek Warrior’s Grave, Rings of Power (and a Mirror and Combs) 2016-10-03T04:00:00Z "In our opinion, this is one of the most emblematic and significant finds from the Mycenaean era," he said. Archaeologist claims he's found ancient Greek kings' throne 2016-06-14T04:00:00Z “We need to rethink the formation of Mycenaean civilization and the role that Pylos played in this development,” Dr. Stocker said. Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Linear B was adapted by the Mycenaean Greeks from Linear A, used by the Minoans. A Grecian Artifact Evokes Tales From the ‘Iliad’ and ‘Odyssey’ 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z The male warrior was discovered at the site of Pylos, which features the remains of a Mycenaean palace built around 1300 B.C. Seven Major Archaeological Discoveries of 2015 2015-12-28T05:00:00Z “Whoever they are, they are the people introducing Minoan ways to the mainland and forging Mycenaean culture,” Dr. Davis said. In Greek Warrior’s Grave, Rings of Power (and a Mirror and Combs) 2016-10-03T04:00:00Z No other thrones have been found in mainland Greece's Mycenaean palaces. Archaeologist claims he's found ancient Greek kings' throne 2016-06-14T04:00:00Z “What is emerging as a result of these excavations and the thesis by Michael Nelson is that Pylos was a real powerhouse in the early Mycenaean period.” Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z The oldest known Linear B inscriptions date to 1450 B.C., and the script disappeared after the collapse of Mycenaean civilization around 1200 B.C. A Grecian Artifact Evokes Tales From the ‘Iliad’ and ‘Odyssey’ 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z During the second and first millennia BC around the Mediterranean Sea, the Minoan, Mycenaean, Greek, Etruscan and Roman civilizations arose during eras of major seismic activity in their regions. Geophysics: Vast forces underfoot : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-12-01T05:00:00Z Archaeologists have long debated the influence of Minoan civilization, which began to flourish in Crete around 2500 B.C., on the rise of Mycenaean society a thousand years later. Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z What she and a team of dozens of researchers uncovered were incredible riches in a rare solo grave of a Mycenaean warrior who was buried several centuries before the rise of classical Greek culture. Here's what archaeologists found in a warrior's grave that's been untouched for 3,500 years 2015-10-26T04:00:00Z The grave escaped plunderers who looted a monumental beehive tomb discovered decades ago in the area, near the palace of Pylos - one of the most important Mycenaean administrative centers. Spectacular 3,500-year-old warrior’s grave found in Greece 2015-10-26T04:00:00Z Note that the Griffin Warrior tomb was near the beginning of Mycenaean culture. A Grecian Artifact Evokes Tales From the ‘Iliad’ and ‘Odyssey’ 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z The grave escaped plunderers who looted a monumental beehive tomb discovered decades ago in the area, near the palace of Pylos — one of the most important Mycenaean administrative centers. Archaeologists in Greece unearth 3,500-year-old warrior's grave, filled with treasures 2015-10-26T04:00:00Z Linear B tablets, bull horn symbols, and goddess figurines found at Mycenaean sites like Pylos attest to the impact of Minoan culture. Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z The griffin warrior, whose grave objects are culturally Minoan but whose place of burial is Mycenaean, lies at the center of this cultural transfer. Grave of ‘Griffin Warrior’ at Pylos Could Be a Gateway to Civilizations 2015-10-26T04:00:00Z For instance, Linear B tablets would be housed only in an administrative center in Mycenaean culture, Haskell said. This Greek ruin might be from long-lost culture that inspired ‘The Odyssey’ 2015-08-31T04:00:00Z If Troy did fall to the Mycenaean Greeks, it was close to the end of the Mycenaean Greeks’ civilization. A Grecian Artifact Evokes Tales From the ‘Iliad’ and ‘Odyssey’ 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z The exhibit offers a look at the lives of Minoan and Mycenaean rulers and priestesses, aristocratic warriors and ladies from the Archaic period and athletes from the Classical period. Field Museum to offer glimpse of life in ancient Greece 2015-07-02T04:00:00Z “To find an unrobbed and rich Mycenaean tomb is very rare,” says Cynthia Shelmerdine, a classics professor at the University of Texas at Austin who visited the site during the summer’s excavations. Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z The palace was part of the Mycenaean civilization; from its ashes, classical Greek culture arose several centuries later. Grave of ‘Griffin Warrior’ at Pylos Could Be a Gateway to Civilizations 2015-10-26T04:00:00Z A site filled with cultic objects and clay tablets written in a forgotten script may be the long-lost palace of Mycenaean Sparta, one of the most famous civilizations of ancient Greece. This Greek ruin might be from long-lost culture that inspired ‘The Odyssey’ 2015-08-31T04:00:00Z Ancient tradition linked the invasion of Greek-speaking Dorian tribes with the end of the heroic Mycenaean age, although historians believe that the Mycenaean palatial civilization was brought down by financial and social unrest. 6,000 Detained in Greece During Raids on Immigrants 2012-08-06T13:31:56Z Gem-engraving and jewelry follow similar lines; pottery-painting for the most part remains geometrical throughout, with crude survivals of Mycenaean curvilinear forms. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z Resting places for the Mycenaean elite usually include many individuals. Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z If the earliest European civilization is that of Crete, the first on the European mainland is the Mycenaean culture to which the griffin warrior belongs. Grave of ‘Griffin Warrior’ at Pylos Could Be a Gateway to Civilizations 2015-10-26T04:00:00Z The complex fills a big gap in archaeology, said Haskell, who was not involved in the current excavation.“Tradition tells us that Sparta was an important site in the Mycenaean period,” he said. This Greek ruin might be from long-lost culture that inspired ‘The Odyssey’ 2015-08-31T04:00:00Z Archaeologists identified it instead as a Mycenaean and Minoan libation altar on which liquids were poured. Archaeologists Use Modern Tools to Reconstruct Ancient Life 2012-01-09T23:24:27Z His work, which entailed analysis so minute that he could eventually distinguish the handwritings of many different Bronze Age scribes, helped open a window onto the Mycenaean world. Emmett L. Bennett Jr. Dies at 93; Helped Decipher Linear B 2011-12-31T23:03:18Z Or he may have been a Mycenaean leader who wanted to establish a new tradition. Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z Egyptian influences, in particular, can be traced throughout the “Minoan” and “Mycenaean” periods. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z There is great uncertainty as to the date and origin of the Mycenaean monuments. A Catalogue of Sculpture in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, Volume I (of 2) 2011-09-30T02:00:18.107Z Aegean culture was swept away probably by that dimly seen upheaval which separated Mycenaean from historical Greece, and which is commonly known as the Dorian invasion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Thanks to the combined efforts of Professor Bennett, Professor Kober and Mr. Ventris, Linear B is now the earliest readable writing in Europe, and the Mycenaean Age is part of the canon of history. Emmett L. Bennett Jr. Dies at 93; Helped Decipher Linear B 2011-12-31T23:03:18Z The unusual nature of the Pylos tomb could mean that he was a Minoan warrior or leader, rather than a native Mycenaean. Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z Is it then to be identified with the Mycenaean Age? Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Many legends, however, and the later state organization, point to an immigration of an “Ionian” aristocracy in late Mycenaean days. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" In general, the continuity of tradition between the gems of the Mycenaean and the historical periods is in respect of shape rather than of art. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z This theory would separate the Homeric from the Mycenaean altogether, and is part of a much more comprehensive ethnological hypothesis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" But little is known about the earlier period around 1500 B.C., when Mycenaean society was taking shape. Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z For the earliest periods of Greek history, the so-called Minoan and Mycenaean, the evidence is purely archaeological. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Among the foundations were discovered fragments of “Mycenaean” pottery. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" Subjects are found carved in the round in hard stone in Mycenaean graves. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Very few traces of iron have been found in the Mycenaean settlements, nor have any examples of body armour been found except the ceremonial gold breastplates at Mycenae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" To find an unrobbed and rich Mycenaean tomb is very rare. Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z The monarch of the Minoan and Mycenaean age has extensive revenues at his command; the monarch of the early Dorian states is little better than a petty chief. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Prehistoric Athens.—Numerous traces of the “Mycenaean” epoch have recently been brought to light in Athens and its neighbourhood. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" The Aspis or smaller citadel to the north-east has revealed traces of an early Mycenaean settlement; the Deiras or ridge connecting the two heights contains a prehistoric cemetery. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" The Mycenaean soldiers carried apparently a bronze spear, a bronze sword and a bow and arrows. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" But until the general spread of Mycenaean civilization and art in the latter half of the second millennium there is no site except Crete where a continuous and successful development can be studied. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Greece had been the centre of an active trade in the Minoan and Mycenaean epochs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z These discoveries prove that the cult of Zeus began among the Mycenaean peoples some 2000 years b.c. according to Evans, and was practised far down into the later Greek times. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" A curious, ruder building to the north of this and to the west of the second terrace is probably of much earlier date, perhaps of the Mycenaean period, and may have served as propylaea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" About the same time the evidences of imports of Late Minoan or “Mycenaean” fabrics in Egypt definitely cease. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Apart from the technique they have nothing in common with the Egyptian importations so often found in Mycenaean tombs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" It was the discoveries of these years that revealed to us the Mycenaean age, and carried back the history to the middle of the 2nd millennium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z They show that the Greeks are indebted to the Mycenaean peoples not only for their art, but for the chief of their divinities. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" For the layer, which he now assigns to the Mycenaean period, is the sixth stratum from below. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" The later phase, which follows on the destruction of the Cnossian palace, and corresponds with the diffused Mycenaean style of mainland Greece and elsewhere, is already partly decadent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Large quantities of pottery of all periods have been yielded by Thebes, Tanagra and other sites in Boeotia, and remains of the “Mycenaean” period at Mycenae, Argos and elsewhere. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Were the creators of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilization Greeks or were they not? Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z The excavations brought to light vases and fragments of vases, of nearly every period except the Mycenaean. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 4 "Coquelin" to "Costume" It is demonstrated, then, that as early as the beginning of the 14th century B.C. the Mycenaean civilization was in touch with the ancient civilization of Egypt. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" Don dropped into an armchair and began to load his pipe from the Mycenaean vase. The Orchard of Tears Some of the earliest examples of this ware have been found in Mycenaean tombs at Enkomi in Cyprus, in the form of vases moulded in the shape of human or animal heads. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" The term “Mycenaean,” it is true, has other associations than those of locality. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Its derivations from the Minoan and Mycenaean columns seems most improbable. The Legacy of Greece Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield On the other hand, my late friend, Dr. A. S. Murray, Keeper of Classical Antiquities in the British Museum, “read” the Mycenaean antiquities erroneously, placing them many centuries too late. The Clyde Mystery a Study in Forgeries and Folklore The resemblance to some of the finest objects of Mycenaean work is very striking. The American Journal of Archaeology, 1893-1 It was recognized that the character of both the fabric and the decoration of the Mycenaean objects was not that of any well-known art. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Perhaps the most surprising result of the excavations in Crete is the discovery that Minoan art is on a higher level than Mycenaean art. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z The whole question of the relations of Minoan to Mycenaean art, and of this archaic art to the earlier civilizations of Egypt and Chaldea, is very obscure and uncertain. The Legacy of Greece Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield Some people say that these cups are the most wonderful things that have been found, made by Mycenaean artists. Buried Cities, Volume 3 Mycenae Lead, in fact, was perfectly familiar to the Mycenaean prime. Homer and His Age A relation between objects of art described by Homer and the Mycenaean treasure was generally allowed, and a correct opinion prevailed that, while certainly posterior, the civilization of the Iliad was reminiscent of the Mycenaean. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Iron is not found until the very end of the Mycenaean period, and then only in small quantities. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Spiders' webs, hanging from the branches of the trees, still glittering with the rain, were like the ancient wheels of Mycenaean chariots. Jean-Christophe Journey's End In earlier days the Cretans, or their kin of Mycenaean Greece in the latest Aegean age, had been able to plant no more than a few inconsiderable colonies of traders on Anatolian shores. The Ancient East They give "in all probability a pretty accurate description" of the loose feudalism of Mycenaean Greece. Homer and His Age The lintel of the doorway of the Mycenaean treasury is composed of a single stone twenty-seven feet long and sixteen broad. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 03 Ancient Achievements The Homeric dead are cremated; the Mycenaean are buried. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Engraved gems were in great demand in the Mycenaean period, being worn as ornamental beads, and the work of the gem-engraver, like that of the goldsmith, exhibits excellent qualities. A History of Greek Art But our inquiry into the origin of European civilisation does not demand any extensive description of the AEgean culture and its Mycenaean offshoot. The Story of Evolution Defensive armour was unknown, we are told, in the Mycenaean prime, which, if true, does not affect the question. Homer and His Age He thinks that the origin of the poems dates from "the Mycenaean period," and that the later continuators of the poems retained the traditions of that remote age. Homer and His Age The Mycenaean civilization he attributes to the Pelasgians, whom he regards as the indigenous population of Greece, the ancestors of the later Greeks, and themselves Greek both in speech and blood. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z This downward-tapering column, so unlike the columns of classic times, seems to have been in common use in Mycenaean architecture. A History of Greek Art We have first to suppose that the kernel of the Iliad originated in the Mycenaean age, the age of bronze. Homer and His Age Homer did not live in or describe the Mycenaean prime, with its stone arrow-tips. Homer and His Age We may find "Mycenaean" corslets and greaves, but they are not in cremation burials. Homer and His Age Between Rhodes on the south and the Troad on the north scarcely any Mycenaean remains have been found. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z For it seems clear that the "Mycenaean" civilization developed little which can be called artistic in the highest sense of that term. A History of Greek Art At the same time, according to Reichel and Mr. Leaf, the poet of Book X. introduces the small round Ionian buckler, thus showing his utter ignorance of the great Mycenaean shield. Homer and His Age On a Mycenaean painted stele, apparently of the same relatively late period, the costume is similar, and the shield—oval—reaches from neck to knee. Homer and His Age Some scholars, then, believe that the old original poet always described Mycenaean shields, which are of various shapes, but never circular in Mycenaean art. Homer and His Age It is only in one region—in the island of Cyprus—that the culture of the Mycenaean age is found surviving into the historical period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Finally, still other portions of this same Mycenaean wall show on the outside a near approach to what is called ashlar masonry, in which the blocks are rectangular and laid in even horizontal courses. A History of Greek Art Or why, if they knew them, did they not introduce them in the poems, which, we are told, they were filling with non- Mycenaean greaves and corslets? Homer and His Age The Homeric shields do not answer to the smaller of these late and ugly representations, while, in their bronze plating, Homeric shields seem to differ from the leather shields of the Mycenaean prime. Homer and His Age There is no evidence that the Mycenaean shield was plated with bronze. Homer and His Age Mycenaean art continues, here and there, in a debased form down to the 9th century, a date to which we can trace back the beginnings of the later Greek art. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Painting in the Mycenaean period seems to have been nearly, if not entirely, confined to the decoration of house-walls and of pottery. A History of Greek Art But if we judge from their shape, as represented in works of Mycenaean art, some of the Mycenaean shields were not of wood, but of hide. Homer and His Age In a later age the bow was more and more neglected in Greek warfare, and consequently large shields went out, after the close of the Mycenaean age, and round parrying bucklers came into use. Homer and His Age A gold necklet found at Enkomi, in Cyprus, consists of a line of models of this Mycenaean shield. Homer and His Age The gods of Homer are the deities of Olympus, of whose cult no traces are to be found in the Mycenaean Age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Such incapacity on the part of the designer would be hard to explain, were he to be regarded as the direct heir of the Mycenaean culture. A History of Greek Art There also exists a set of small Mycenaean relics called Palladia, found at Mycenae, Spata and in the earliest strata of the Acropolis at Athens. Homer and His Age It appears, then, that the monstrous Mycenaean shield is a survival of an age when bows and arrows played the same great part as they did in the wars of the Algonquins and Iroquois. Homer and His Age Several such shields are engraved on Mycenaean gems; one, in gold, is attached to a silver vase. Homer and His Age It will be seen how primitive and conventional is the drawing of this age, presenting a wonderful contrast to the free drawing and modelling of the Mycenaean age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z In the Mycenaean period, as we have seen, the art of sculpture had little existence, except for the making of small images and the decoration of small objects. A History of Greek Art The ornamentation shown on them occurs, too, on Mycenaean shields in works of art; in short, these little objects are representations in miniature of the big double-bellied Mycenaean shield. Homer and His Age The gold breastplates of the Mycenaean graves pointed in this direction. Homer and His Age To keep out stone-tipped arrows was the business of the Mycenaean wooden or leather shield. Homer and His Age Its predominant characteristic is the use of geometrical forms, the lozenge, the triangle, the maeander, the circle with tangents, in place of the elaborate spirals and plant-forms which mark Mycenaean ware. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z The Mycenaean pottery was gradually superseded by pottery of an essentially different style, called Geometric, from the character of its painted decorations. A History of Greek Art The Mycenaean shields of the prime were originally wooden or leather defences against stone-headed arrows. Homer and His Age Late rhapsodists would not delve in the archaeology of the Mycenaean prime. Homer and His Age Homer describes armour based on Mycenaean lines but developed and advanced as the means of attack improved. Homer and His Age Period I. 800-480 B.C.—The fact is now generally allowed that the Mycenaean, or as it is now termed Aegean, civilization was for the most part destroyed by an invasion from the north. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Both the shape and the decoration are very different from those of the Mycenaean style. A History of Greek Art The dead are cremated, not, as in the Mycenaean prime, inhumed. Homer and His Age In this case the Iliadic and earlier Odyssean houses are those of a single definite age, neither Mycenaean of the prime, nor Hellenic—a fact which entirely suits our argument. Homer and His Age In either alternative, and one or other must be actual, there was time enough for many changes in the culture of the Mycenaean prime to be evolved. Homer and His Age Thus the chief centres of Minoan and Mycenaean culture have passed into Dorian hands, and the chief seats of Achaean power are included in Dorian states. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z If sculpture in stone appears to have been very little practiced in the Mycenaean age, the arts of the goldsmith, silversmith, gem- engraver, and ivory carver were in great requisition. A History of Greek Art We are next to believe that this kernel was expanded into the actual Epic in later and changed times, but that the later poets adhered in their descriptions to the Mycenaean standard, avoiding "everything modern." Homer and His Age They adhere conscientiously to the use of the vast Mycenaean shield, in their time obsolete. Homer and His Age They were extremely familiar to the age of bronze, the Mycenaean age. Homer and His Age The Cretan excavations, again, have taught us a great deal as to the religion of the Minoan age; they have, at the same time, thrown a new light upon the evidence supplied by Mycenaean sites. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Another variety of Mycenaean metal-work is of a much higher order of merit than the dramatic but rude relief on this silver vase. A History of Greek Art Examples of bronze tools, arrow-heads, and implements are discovered in excavations on Mycenaean sites. Homer and His Age Thus old Mycenaean lays, if any existed, would describe the old Mycenaean mode of burial. Homer and His Age If all this be so, then the Homeric period, as regards houses and domestic life, belongs to an age apart, not truly Mycenaean, and still less later Hellenic. Homer and His Age Schliemann, the discoverer of the Mycenaean culture, unhesitatingly identified Mycenaean with Homeric. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z But the Mycenaean pottery is of too great importance to be passed over. A History of Greek Art We really cannot believe that a poet of the seventh century had made excavations in Mycenaean graves. Homer and His Age The Homeric poems describe an age later than that of the famous tombs—so rich in relics—of the Mycenaean acropolis, and earlier than the tombs of the Dipylon of Athens. Homer and His Age Archaeology shows that the Mycenaean age was in close commercial relation with Egypt, and that the Mycenaean civilisation extended to most Mediterranean lands and islands, and to Italy and Sicily. Homer and His Age Later inquirers, while refusing to discover so literal a correspondence between things Homeric and things Mycenaean, have not hesitated to accept a general correspondence between the Homeric Age and the Mycenaean. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z This was the characteristic ware of the Mycenaean civilization. A History of Greek Art The poet describes the details of a definite age, not that of the Mycenaean bloom, not that of 900-600 A.D. Homer and His Age But the age attaches itself in many ways to the age of the Mycenaean tombs, while, in our opinion, it stands quite apart from the post-Dorian culture. Homer and His Age What manner of military needs prompted the invention of the great Mycenaean shields which, by Homer's time, were differentiated by the addition of metal plating? Homer and His Age In the language of Brunn, the Greek artists borrowed from Oriental or Mycenaean sources the letters used in their works, but with these letters they spelled out the ideas of their own nation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z This "Mycenaean" civilization was widely extended over the Greek islands and the eastern portions of continental Greece in the second millennium before our era. A History of Greek Art "In the earlier Mycenaean times the arrow-head of obsidian alone appears," as in Mycenaean Grave IV. Homer and His Age Thus the traditional details of Mycenaean life sometimes are regarded as "stereotyped" in poetic tradition; sometimes as subject to modern alterations of a sweeping and revolutionary kind. Homer and His Age Manifestly the arrows are always on the wing, hence the need for the huge Homeric and Mycenaean shields. Homer and His Age The dates assigned by archaeologists to the different periods of Mycenaean and Minoan art must be regarded as merely approximate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z The greatest triumph of the goldsmith's art in the "Mycenaean" period does not come from Mycenae. A History of Greek Art No helmets of metal, such as Homer mentions, have been found in Mycenaean graves. Homer and His Age Sometimes they pedantically "archaise," bringing in genuine, but by their time forgotten, Mycenaean things, and criticism can detect their doings in each case. Homer and His Age On the Mycenaean silver bowl, representing a siege, the archers draw to the breast, in the primitive style, as does the archer on the bronze dagger with a representation of a lion hunt. Homer and His Age In some degree the Minoan evidence has modified the answer suggested by the Mycenaean. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z With the disappearance of the war chariot the huge Mycenaean shields had vanished or were very rarely used. Homer and His Age Taking the relics in the graves of the Mycenaean Acropolis as a starting- point, some things would endure into the age of the poet, some would be modified, some would disappear. Homer and His Age No Mycenaean work of art shows us a shielded man in a chariot; the men with the monstrous shields are always depicted on foot. Homer and His Age It is impossible here to discuss in detail the complex problems of Mycenaean chronology. Homer and His Age The two chief difficulties in the way of attributing either the Minoan or the Mycenaean civilization to an Hellenic people are connected respectively with the script and the religion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z If we place the Mycenaean "bloom-time" from "the seventeenth or sixteenth to the twelfth century B.C.," Homer and His Age Indeed, there are traces enough of change even in the objects and art discovered in the bloom-time, as represented by the Mycenaean acropolis itself and by other "Mycenaean" sites. Homer and His Age The only modern peoples who, to our knowledge, used a leather shield of the Mycenaean size and even of a Mycenaean shape had no horses and chariots, as we shall show. Homer and His Age Two of the men on the silver vase are covered either with shields of a shape and size elsewhere unknown in Mycenaean art, or with cloaks of an unexampled form. Homer and His Age But Greek art as a whole cannot be evolved from Mycenaean art. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z The masonry of the city wall, shown on the vase in the Mycenaean grave, is not the ordinary masonry of Mycenae itself. Homer and His Age Most of the Mycenaean walls, on the other hand, are of "Cyclopean" style, in large irregular blocks. Homer and His Age I can only conclude that Homer describes intermediate types of shield, as large as the Mycenaean but plated with bronze, for a reason to be given later. Homer and His Age Art, good and very bad, exists in many various stages in Mycenaean relics. Homer and His Age It has already been implied that this period of the history of Greece may be subdivided into a Minoan and a Mycenaean age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z In one essential point the poet describes a custom without parallel among the discovered relics of the Mycenaean age—namely, the disposal of the bodies of the dead. Homer and His Age Apparently some revolution as regards burial occurred between the age of the graves of the Mycenaean acropolis and the age of Homer. Homer and His Age In his designs only a few Algonquins and one Iroquois carry the huge shields; the unshielded men are stark naked, as on the Mycenaean silver vase. Homer and His Age Cremation is attested in a tholos or beehive- shaped grave in Argos, where the vases were late Mycenaean. Homer and His Age There are passages which seem to assume the conditions of the Mycenaean age; there are others which presuppose the conditions of a later age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z The cause of the marked change from Mycenaean inhumation to Homeric cremation is matter of conjecture. Homer and His Age Did a race so backward hit on an idea unknown to the Mycenaean Greeks? Homer and His Age The great Mycenaean shield was obviously evolved as a defence against arrows and sling-stones flying too freely to be parried with a small buckler. Homer and His Age It is vaguely possible that he may have seen an ancient shield of the Mycenaean prime, and may be inspired by that. Homer and His Age It has already been pointed out that the question whether the makers of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations were Greeks must still be regarded as an open one. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z No shields of bronze plating and no bronze corslets have been found in Mycenaean excavations. Homer and His Age Robert takes this as an "old Mycenaean" dodge—to duck down to the bottom of the shield. Homer and His Age But the Algonquins and Iroquois wore such breastplates as they could manufacture, though they also used shields of great size, suspended, in Mycenaean fashion, from the neck and shoulder by a telamon or belt. Homer and His Age The shield of Hector was of black bull's-hide, and as large and long as any represented in Mycenaean art, so that, as he walked, the rim knocked against his neck and ankles. Homer and His Age And what could be inferred with regard to Crete in the Minoan age could almost certainly be inferred with regard to the mainland in the Mycenaean age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z In form this targe seems to be a burlesque parody of the figure of a Mycenaean shield. Homer and His Age The next man has a short oblong shield, rather broad for its length—perhaps a reduction of the Mycenaean door- shaped shield. Homer and His Age Bronze greaves are not found, so far, in Mycenaean tombs in Greece, and Reichel argued that the original Homer knew none. Homer and His Age No "practicable" breastplates, hauberks, corslets, or any things of the kind have so far been discovered in graves of the Mycenaean prime. Homer and His Age It is the latter period which is “Mycenaean” in the strict sense; i.e. it is “Mycenaean” as opposed to “Minoan.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Nothing can be less like a chiton or smock, loose or tight, than either the double-bellied huge shield, the tower-shaped cylindrical shield, or the flat, doorlike shield, covering body and legs in Mycenaean art. Homer and His Age These poets of the Iliad are all wrong: at the date of the Mycenaean prime, as every educated man knows, corslets were not yet in fashion. Homer and His Age No butt-spikes have been found in graves of the Mycenaean prime. Homer and His Age We might call the whole poem late, because the authors know nothing of the Mycenaean bathing-drawers so common on the "monuments." Homer and His Age There was thus, as far as arrows went, no reason why Mycenaean shields should be plated with bronze. Homer and His Age These rhapsodists, we reiterate, are now said to be anxiously conservative of Mycenaean detail and even to be deeply learned archaeologists. Homer and His Age Then why does he scout tradition in the matter of greaves and corslets, while he sometimes actually goes behind tradition to find Mycenaean things unknown to the original poets? Homer and His Age He is also very familiar with some uses of iron, of which, as we shall see, scarcely any has been found in Mycenaean graves of the central period, save in the shape of rings. Homer and His Age The scholars who hold these opinions see that several things in the Homeric picture of life are based on Mycenaean facts; for example, the size of the shields and their suspension by baldrics. Homer and His Age Thus, as regards weapons, the Homeric heroes are in the age of bronze, like them who slept in the tombs of the Mycenaean age. Homer and His Age In old votive offerings in temples and in any Mycenaean graves which might be opened, the learned poets of 800-600 B.C. saw with their eyes knives and axes of bronze. Homer and His Age But these knives, in Mycenaean graves, are of bronze, and of bronze are the axes in the Mycenaean deposits and the dagger of Enkomi. Homer and His Age In that case they were showing archaeological conscientiousness in following the presumed earlier poets of the bronze age, the age of the Mycenaean graves. Homer and His Age One can but say that only within the last thirty years have we found, or, finding, have recognised Mycenaean burial records. Homer and His Age He is such an erudite archaeologist that, in the seventh century, he knows and carefully describes a helmet of the Mycenaean prime. Homer and His Age Or did he see a sample in an old temple of the Mycenaean prime, or in a museum of his own period? Homer and His Age Or had he heard of it in a lost Mycenaean poem? Homer and His Age They could not do this with bronze rapiers, such as those with which men give point over the rim of the shield on two Mycenaean gems. Homer and His Age |
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