英语词汇“mucosal”造句子简单的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

You are bravely trying to articulate the word “doughnut” through an intimidatingly thick mucosal barrier, no? Move over, cronuts: the donug has arrived 2018-06-19T04:00:00Z

The gelatin in bone broth protects and heals the mucosal lining of the digestive tract and helps aid in the digestion of nutrients. Bone broth: Winter’s new miracle drink

The eyes, nose and mouth are all mucosal sites that are vulnerable to viruses. Want boldly made-up eyes above your mask? Here’s how to get the look while staying safe. 2020-07-11T04:00:00Z

However, when the balance of gastric mucosal secretion is disturbed, stomach acid can cause discomfort and, in severe cases, conditions such as gastric ulcers and reflux esophagitis. Scientists build on artificial intelligence to create next-generation gastric acid treatment 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z

The goal is to stimulate immunity at the mucosal membranes, a strategy that might prove better at thwarting SARS-CoV-2 than current shots. Billions boost next-generation COVID-19 vaccine and treatments 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z

Professor Good said: "In the future, this vaccine platform could pave the way for other mucosal pathogens." Vaccine via the nasal passage could be the new line of defence against Strep A 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z

The mucosal immune system is largely independent of the systemic immune system but functions in parallel to protect the extensive mucosal surfaces of the body. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

Another goal is to produce nasal vaccines that prompt immune responses within the body’s mucosal linings, potentially eliciting a stronger defense than shots in the arm. News at a glance: New U.S. coronavirus research, lab gear’s carbon cost, and a repurposed accelerator 2023-04-12T04:00:00Z

“Our ability to develop … vaccines that generate mucosal immunity will have very large benefits for other respiratory pathogens we deal with all the time, like flu and RSV,” he said. White House launching $5 billion program to speed coronavirus vaccines 2023-04-10T04:00:00Z

Over time, both H. pylori and NSAIDs can break down the mucosal barrier of the gut lining, eventually causing an ulcer to develop. The wild world inside your gut 2023-02-25T05:00:00Z

"We demonstrated that a liposomal mucosal vaccination strategy can induce robust local protective immunity." Vaccine via the nasal passage could be the new line of defence against Strep A 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z

Despite these defenses, pathogens may enter the body through skin abrasions or punctures, or by collecting on mucosal surfaces in large numbers that overcome the protections of mucus or cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

Like Ebola, it causes a deadly hemorrhagic fever characterized by bleeding in a person’s organs and through their mouth, eyes, rectum and other mucosal surfaces. Opinion | The Checkup With Dr. Wen: Key lessons from recent measles and Marburg outbreaks 2023-02-23T05:00:00Z

Some researchers believe nasal vaccines, which aim to induce mucosal immunity, might guard against infection. What’s next for COVID-19 vaccines? Scientists and regulators chart a course amid uncertainty 2023-01-24T05:00:00Z

Another priority is to introduce nasal vaccines that prompt immune responses within the body’s mucosal linings; compared with shots in the arm, these should elicit a stronger, quicker defense against initial infection. Eleven science stories likely to make big news in 2023 2023-01-04T05:00:00Z

A: I’d like to guide how the good research done in the arena of both mucosal, nasal vaccines for respiratory diseases, as well as more durable vaccines that protect against entire families of viruses. Anthony Fauci, loved and hated, plots his next move: ‘I'm not going to sit in my house’ 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z

Mast cells are produced in the same way as white blood cells, but unlike circulating white blood cells, mast cells take up residence in connective tissues and especially mucosal tissues. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

Immunoglobin is a protein antibody produced in the mucosal lining and plays an important role in antibody mediated immunity. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

While most people do develop skin lesions, many reported having only a single papule that was often obscured inside a mucosal area, such as inside the mouth, throat or rectum, making it easier to miss. How does monkeypox spread? An expert explains why it isn’t an STI and what counts as close contact 2022-08-08T04:00:00Z

These GI hormones are secreted by specialized epithelial cells, called endocrinocytes, located in the mucosal epithelium of the stomach and small intestine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

“It can prevent the infection of these tissues altogether” “It makes sense to establish immune defense right at these mucosal sites,” she said, referring to the inside of the nose. Where’s the next generation of COVID-19 shots? 2022-06-23T04:00:00Z

What could be most important about nasal vaccines is their ability to awaken a powerful bodily defender known as mucosal immunity, something largely untapped by the standard shots. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z

It is an antibody produced in the mucosal lining. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Transmission requires exchange of mucosal fluids or direct contact with the virus in sufficient quantity to seed an infection. How does monkeypox spread? An expert explains why it isn’t an STI and what counts as close contact 2022-08-08T04:00:00Z

The stomach is protected from self-digestion by the mucosal barrier. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

And other researchers are investigating vaccines that boost mucosal immunity in the nose, as well as protein-based shots that may be better at protecting against the coronavirus in the future. Who Should Get a 4th Covid Shot? 2022-03-18T04:00:00Z

The mucosal system relies on specialized cells and antibodies within the mucus-rich lining of the nose and other parts of our airways, as well as the gut. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z

Despite these barriers, pathogens may enter the body through skin abrasions or punctures, or by collecting on mucosal surfaces in large numbers that overcome the mucus or cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

So-called mucosal vaccines ideally would coat the mucosal surfaces of the nose, mouth and throat with long-lasting antibodies, and would be much better at preventing infection and spread of the virus. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

Finally, stem cells located where gastric glands join the gastric pits quickly replace damaged epithelial mucosal cells, when the epithelial cells are shed. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

He was diagnosed with mucosal melanoma over a year ago. Legislator dies using medical suicide law he helped pass 2022-01-19T05:00:00Z

“If we want to contain the spread of the virus, the only way to do that is through mucosal immunity.” Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z

The systemic and mucosal immune systems use many of the same cell types. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

By contrast, nasal vaccines produce a special set of antibodies, called IgA, that thrive on mucosal surfaces like the nose and throat. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

It is thicker, more vascular, and has more developed mucosal folds than the jejunum. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Because bacteriophages often line the mucosal membranes of humans' stomach, intestines, nose and throat, they in theory may protect us from diseases by killing bacteria that comes toward those organs. Far from evil, viruses have driven — and even helped — human evolution 2021-12-03T05:00:00Z

Iwasaki likens mucosal vaccines to putting a guard at the front door, as opposed to waiting until the invader is already inside to attack. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z

APCs of the mucosal immune system are primarily dendritic cells, with B cells and macrophages having minor roles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

“Location really matters, and mucosal immunity is really important for protection from infection,” said Michal Tal, an immunologist at Stanford University who was involved in the work. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

The mucosal epithelium, primarily composed of absorptive cells, covers the villi. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

If those kids become infected, they’re susceptible to higher viral loads “in their mucosal surfaces, so in their noses, perhaps in their mouths as well,” Graham said. Do school fountains spread COVID? Why one district is giving students water bottles 2021-09-09T04:00:00Z

While conventional injectable vaccines are generally poor at inducing protective mucosal immunity, nasal vaccines have been shown to do a good job of triggering both mucosal and systemic responses. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z

Activated T cells then migrate through the lymphatic system and into the circulatory system to mucosal sites of infection. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

People who gain immunity because of an infection with the virus — rather than from an injected vaccine — tend to have strong mucosal immunity, at least for a while. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

This distinguishes the small intestine from the stomach; that is, enzymatic digestion occurs not only in the lumen, but also on the luminal surfaces of the mucosal cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

When people are exposed to any respiratory pathogen, it may find a foothold in the mucosal lining of the nose — without causing any harm beyond that. Behind the Masks, a Mystery: How Often Do the Vaccinated Spread the Virus? 2021-07-29T04:00:00Z

Developing a nasal vaccine is tricky, however, because scientists know relatively little about the machinations of mucosal immunity. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z

The mucosal tissue includes the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus, and the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

But she warned that trying to obtain mucosal immunity by getting infected was dangerous. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

A refined system prevents these bacteria from crossing the mucosal barrier. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Although IgG is found in breast milk, it's not clear to what extent IgG acts on the mucosal linings. Can "vaccinated" breast milk protect kids? The science is hazy 2021-05-22T04:00:00Z

Then researchers spray a mix with similar spike proteins directly into the nose, converting that first reaction into mucosal immunity. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z

Upon reinvasion of the same pathogen type, a pronounced immune response occurs at the mucosal site where the original pathogen deposited, but a collective defense is also organized within interconnected or adjacent mucosal tissue. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

For example, the aroma of a delicious meal may flood the mouth with saliva, diluting mucosal antibody levels. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

Once inside mucosal cells, ionic iron binds to the protein ferritin, creating iron-ferritin complexes that store iron until needed. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

“Some antigens give you antibodies, some antigens may give you more T cell responses, some antigens may do both. Some antigens may be better at inducing mucosal immunity than systemic immunity,” he says. Vaccines that can protect against many coronaviruses could prevent another pandemic 2021-04-15T04:00:00Z

“We can get there, and as a bonus we can provide mucosal immunity.” Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z

Importantly, mucosal-administered vaccines elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity and produce the same level of disease resistance as injected vaccines. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

“It’s just like a stepchild for vaccine development, because it’s hard,” Florian Krammer, an immunologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, said of mucosal vaccines. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

Intrinsic factor secreted in the stomach binds to vitamin B12, preventing its digestion and creating a complex that binds to mucosal receptors in the terminal ileum, where it is taken up by endocytosis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

But the early research and development efforts focused on the mucosal route do appear to be promising. To Beat COVID, We May Need a Good Shot in the Nose 2021-03-01T05:00:00Z

This is why mucosal vaccines, like the nasal spray FluMist or the oral polio vaccine, are better than intramuscular injections at fending off respiratory viruses, experts said. Here’s Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z

The mucosal immune system is largely independent from the systemic immune system but functions in a parallel fashion to protect the extensive mucosal surfaces of the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

“The way to get people that kind of mucosal protection really, really, really should be with a nasal vaccine,” she said. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

These two activities are facilitated by structural adaptations that increase the mucosal surface area by 600-fold, including circular folds, villi, and microvilli. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

As phages move around the body looking for bacteria, some of them bind to cells on the surface of mucosal membranes, such as those that line the nose, throat, stomach and intestines. Viruses Can Help Us as Well as Harm Us 2020-12-01T05:00:00Z

And a study of Covid-19 patients found that antibody levels in saliva and blood were closely matched — suggesting that a strong immune response in the blood would also protect mucosal tissues. Here’s Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z

IgA occurs in different forms at the mucosal membranes and in the blood. Why the race to find Covid-19 vaccines is far from over 2020-11-22T05:00:00Z

Measuring mucosal antibodies is much more difficult than quantifying antibodies in the blood. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z

Macrophages are found in the skin and in the lining of mucosal surfaces, such as the nasopharynx, stomach, lungs, and intestines. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

“Over the last 10 or 15 years, it’s been more recognised that protective mechanisms exist at the mucosal surface,” says Dr Christopher Chiu, from the department of infectious disease at Imperial College London. Scientists race to find 'warm' Covid vaccine to solve issue of cold storage 2020-11-20T05:00:00Z

Or people could get an intramuscular injection followed by a mucosal boost that produces protective antibodies in the nose and throat. Here’s Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z

Another challenge is how this virus enters the body: through the nasal mucosal membranes. Lessons from AIDS for the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z

This was because the intranasal vaccine summoned potent ‘mucosal’ immune responses that can block the virus at the site of infection in the upper airways, the team says. The underdog coronavirus vaccines the world will need if front runners stumble 2020-09-08T04:00:00Z

The uterine tubes also have three layers: an outer serosa, a middle smooth muscle layer, and an inner mucosal layer. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

But oestrogen’s effect was not limited to mucosal fluid dynamics in the lungs. The gender gap in cystic fibrosis 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z

In late 2018, Mr. Den Hollander received a diagnosis of mucosal melanoma, a severe form of cancer, he wrote. Inside the Violent and Misogynistic World of Roy Den Hollander 2020-07-26T04:00:00Z

“Knowing how potent mucosal responses can be against a viral pathogen, it would be ideal to be thinking about mucosal vaccines,” said Akiko Iwasaki, an immunologist at Yale University. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

Or perhaps relatively mild infections are restricted to certain areas of the body, they said, such as within mucosal cells of the respiratory tract. Coronavirus antibodies may remain stable in blood for 2 months: study 2020-06-16T04:00:00Z

They transport the protein and carbohydrate nutrients absorbed by mucosal cells after food is digested in the lumen. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

That’s because the antibodies that protect people against viruses infecting mucosal surfaces like the lining of the nose tend to be short-lived. Six Months of Coronavirus: Here’s Some of What We’ve Learned 2020-06-01T04:00:00Z

This is not trivial, as improved mucosal immunity is why the Sabin polio vaccine prevents transmission of poliovirus, whereas the Salk vaccine does not. Beware of Antibody-based COVID-19 "Immunity Passports" 2020-04-28T04:00:00Z

But vaccines spritzed through the nose or mouth would also tap into another set of immune cells that hang around mucosal tissues. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

There is a third type of antibody, called IgA, that is present in mucosal tissues — like the inner lining of the lung. Will an Antibody Test Allow Us to Go Back to School or Work? 2020-04-10T04:00:00Z

At the basal surface of the mucosal cells, the sodium and amino acid are released. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The virus enters the body through mucosal surfaces, including the nose, eyes, mouth, hair and eyelashes. People with coronavirus are highly contagious for days prior to symptoms, says scientist 2020-04-01T04:00:00Z

The international diagnostic criteria were derived from non-African people presenting mainly with inflamed joints and mucosal membranes. Africa should set its own health-research agenda 2019-11-25T05:00:00Z

These mucosal immune responses seem to underlie the success of the oral polio vaccine, which contains a weakened form of polio virus and has helped most of the world eradicate polio. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

Fungi and bacteria coexist in the gut and other mucosal sites, and it is likely that alterations in one community will affect the other. Fungi accelerate pancreatic cancer 2019-10-01T04:00:00Z

Among many obstacles to developing a universal vaccine, the most formidable is our incomplete understanding of the immune responses that protect people against influenza, including the role of immunity at mucosal surfaces. We Need a Universal Flu Vaccine before the Next Pandemic Strikes 2018-02-05T05:00:00Z

Segmented filamentous bacteria antigens presented by intestinal dendritic cells drive mucosal TH17 cell differentiation. Innate and adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism 2018-01-21T05:00:00Z

Colonic transit time is related to bacterial metabolism and mucosal turnover in the gut. Quantitative microbiome profiling links gut community variation to microbial load 2017-11-14T05:00:00Z

Reliably rousing mucosal immunity isn’t easy, however — and vaccines that specifically target them come with their own drawbacks. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

Intestinal epithelial tuft cells initiate type 2 mucosal immunity to helminth parasites. A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z

At different mucosal sites, such as the mouth, the microbiota reduce the inflammatory response to pathogens that would otherwise stimulate the immune system for their own advantage, says Burton. Microbiome: A bag of surprises 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z

Interleukin-22 alleviates metabolic disorders and restores mucosal immunity in diabetes. Innate and adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism 2018-01-21T05:00:00Z

The autopsy found mucosal erosions, a type of lesion, that indicated Jenkins had suffered from hypothermia, the medical examiner's office said in a statement. Chicago medical examiner: Death of woman in hotel walk-in freezer was an accident 2017-10-07T04:00:00Z

Designing a mucosal vaccine with less risky ingredients, such as inactivated viruses or genetic material, could circumvent that issue. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

Among many hurdles to developing a universal vaccine, the most formidable is our incomplete understanding of the immune responses that protect people against influenza, including the role of immunity at mucosal surfaces. 100 Years after the Lethal 1918 Flu Pandemic, We Are Still Vulnerable 2017-09-15T04:00:00Z

But the fibrils are found in most primates, notes Nadia Roan, a mucosal biologist at the University of California, San Francisco. Protein tangles behind Alzheimer’s disease may be critical for human reproduction 2017-07-11T04:00:00Z

The haemostat was angled towards the mucosa and opened slightly so that a single mucosal fold could be clasped by closing the haemostat to the first notch. A distinct role for Lgr5+ stem cells in primary and metastatic colon cancer : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z

The spray elicited antibodies specific to the mucosal immune system. High-pressure spray delivers vaccines directly into cheek 2017-03-08T05:00:00Z

Much of mucosal immunity also remains mysterious to researchers. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

The book also describes the parting gift the jungle bestowed on Preston and several of his colleagues: mucosal leishmaniasis, a parasitic “flesh-eating” disease common to the tropics. This adventurer found the trip worth it — despite the flesh-eating disease 2017-03-03T05:00:00Z

With von Willebrand disease, Broome says, the bleeding patterns tend to be on mucosal surfaces. Von Willebrand Disease: the Under-the-Radar Bleeding Disorder 2016-10-07T04:00:00Z

Monkey studies suggested a mechanism: inflammation brings more of HIV’s favorite target, CD4 white blood cells, to the mucosal surface. Vaginal bacteria species can raise HIV infection risk and undermine prevention 2016-07-18T04:00:00Z

Whether there is a role for antigen specificity in Treg-cell-mediated tolerance at mucosal surfaces, however, is an important question that still needs to be answered. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z

That means mucosal recipes might not be among the first generation of coronavirus vaccines. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

But — enter the curse! — something found them: mucosal leishmaniasis. This adventurer found the trip worth it — despite the flesh-eating disease 2017-03-03T05:00:00Z

These disorders provide models for studying perturbed crosstalk between the microbiota and the innate immune system because they integrate all aspects of mucosal immunology at the interface between microbial colonization and innate-immune-system activation. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z

Gut epithelial tuft cells are key players in mucosal immune responses against parasites. Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut | Science 2016-03-17T04:00:00Z

Elucidation of the mechanisms by which commensal microbes deliver antigens for presentation in an immunogenic versus a tolerogenic context might enable the development of effective mucosal vaccines. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z

Intramuscular vaccines generally do a poor job of eliciting this mucosal response, and must instead rely on immune cells mobilized from elsewhere in the body flocking to the site of infection. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

There are three main types: cutaneous, visceral and mucosal. This adventurer found the trip worth it — despite the flesh-eating disease 2017-03-03T05:00:00Z

Sensing by this system therefore serves as a rheostat for the metabolic activity of the microbiota and its exposure to diet and xenobiotics, as well as for the presence of mucosal infections. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z

These homeostatic TH17 cells then stimulate epithelial cells to enhance the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z

“If enough antibodies reach the right mucosal surface, it doesn’t really matter how they were induced.” You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z

It’s also effective against mucosal leishmaniasis, but the treatment is not pleasant. This adventurer found the trip worth it — despite the flesh-eating disease 2017-03-03T05:00:00Z

Such findings suggest that colonization by commensal microorganisms profoundly shapes the myeloid landscape of the host, both in mucosal tissues and systemically. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z

In a study from Wilkes University, researchers found that when students listened to soothing music, their levels of IgA—a type of antibody that is present on mucosal surfaces such as nostrils, mouth, lungs—increased. NINA RADCLIFF: The power of music and your health 2016-03-17T04:00:00Z

The procedure, called duodenal mucosal resurfacing, could be used as a temporary treatment for diabetes in people who don’t qualify for, or don’t want to have, weight-loss surgery. If Gastric Bypass Benefits Type 2 Diabetes, Might Other Surgeries Help, Too? 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z

Preconditioning results in considerable early morbidity owing to transitory blood-cell depletion, immunodeficiency and mucosal damage, which place the recipient at risk of severe infection. Gene therapy returns to centre stage : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-10-13T04:00:00Z

So he and colleagues crafted a trachea from multiple polymers, realistically simulating cartilage rings, muscles, and a mucosal layer. How a scientist lost $3 million on TV’s Shark Tank—and still came out ahead 2015-06-16T04:00:00Z

One is to slow a drug's passage through the GI system by using devices that increase friction with the gut's mucosal walls4. Perspective: Special delivery for the gut : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-03-24T04:00:00Z

The immune responses that mucosal bacteria elicit therefore differ according to the route and context of antigen delivery. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z

In the end, Dr. Haidry purposely burned two-thirds of the mucosal that he intended, a result he still considered a success. If Gastric Bypass Benefits Type 2 Diabetes, Might Other Surgeries Help, Too? 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z

The drug “looks promising,” says Charles Elson, a mucosal immunologist and gastroenterologist at the University of Alabama, Birmingham, who was not involved in the work. New drug for Crohn's disease targets RNA 2015-03-18T04:00:00Z

If his research holds up, there would be no needles, no lengthy infusions, just a quick spray into the rich mucosal lining of the nose. On the Hunt for a Multiple Sclerosis Cure

Given the rarity of melanomas in dark-skinned individuals, coupled with their high proportion of acral or mucosal melanomas, the odds of them developing melanoma from excessive sun exposure are slim. Skin colour: No hiding in the dark : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-18T05:00:00Z

This might be because the skin is faced with challenges from the environment that differ from those faced by mucosal sites and therefore requires distinct pathways to control its local immune responses. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z

Some have their doubts that the duodenal mucosal procedure will work. If Gastric Bypass Benefits Type 2 Diabetes, Might Other Surgeries Help, Too? 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z

“This would be analogous to, in a football game, arming the defense with baseball bats,” says Andrew Gewirtz, a mucosal immunologist at Georgia State University in Atlanta. Cells can fight viruses, even when stimulated to combat bacteria 2014-11-13T05:00:00Z

This is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis. FDA approves Paladin drug to treat tropical disease 2014-03-19T22:48:50Z

SIg A is a type of antibody that protects the mucosal linings found inside our air ways, digestive system and intestines. How to Cure Candida 2013-10-25T18:11:00Z

It voted 15-1 in favor for visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form; and it voted 13-3 in favor for mucosal disease. U.S. FDA panel backs Paladin Labs' parasitic disease drug 2013-10-18T19:10:07Z

Dr. Gagner believes the duodenal mucosal procedure trial needs to demonstrate that endocrine cells that have become dysfunctional with diabetes are present in the duodenum, and that their numbers are decreased after the procedure. If Gastric Bypass Benefits Type 2 Diabetes, Might Other Surgeries Help, Too? 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z

Some metals are undoubtedly absorbed through mucosal tissues in the mouth, Dr. Palfrey added. Well: Is There Danger Lurking in Your Lipstick? 2013-08-16T14:57:21Z

The guide clubbed it several times between its round, watery eyes, and finally it went still, the mucosal red skin fading to milky white. Sea Change: How Can We Help Oceans Recover? 2013-08-16T12:45:00.507Z

"It's a novel immune system that we think is applicable to all mucosal surfaces, and it's one of the first examples of a direct symbiosis between phages and an animal host," Barr says. Friendly Viruses Protect Us Against Bacteria 2013-05-20T20:35:00Z

Divergence of gut permeability and mucosal immune gene expression in two gluten-associated conditions: celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Gluten Sensitivity: What Does It Really Mean? 2013-03-04T13:15:00.243Z

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human mucosal lung cancer also expressed CD49a, which supports the relevance and possible extrapolation of these results in humans. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z

Two weeks after the treatment, the researchers examined samples from the mucosal lining of the monkey’s colons. Parasitic Worm Eggs Ease Intestinal Ills by Changing Gut Macrobiota 2012-11-15T23:15:03.963Z

Disruption of electrolyte homeostasis at mucosal surfaces leads to severe lung, pancreatic, intestinal, hepatic, and reproductive abnormalities. [Research Articles] Quantitative Analysis of the Human Airway Microbial Ecology Reveals a Pervasive Signature for Cystic Fibrosis 2012-09-26T18:55:05.980Z

The next step, Barr says, is to explore how this symbiosis works in real-life mucosal surfaces of all types, where many different types of phages and bacteria are interacting. Friendly Viruses Protect Us Against Bacteria 2013-05-20T20:35:00Z

The mucosal immune memory of the mother is thereby transmitted to her offspring. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z

We therefore wondered whether mucosa-specific homing instructions to the immune system might influence mucosal tumor outgrowth. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z

These studies demonstrate that sinus mucosal health is highly dependent on the composition of the resident microbiota as well as identify both a new sino-pathogen and a strong bacterial candidate for therapeutic intervention. [Research Articles] Sinus Microbiome Diversity Depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Enrichment Mediates Rhinosinusitis 2012-09-12T18:55:05.303Z

Tears and a runny nose can be unpleasant on a windy day, but these mucosal secretions play a vital role in protecting the body from viruses and other malicious microbes. Small Comfort: Nanomedicine Able to Penetrate Bodily Defenses 2012-06-14T11:15:00.207Z

In addition to remission rates, researchers looked at the rate of durable clinical response and bowel improvement, or mucosal healing, at week 52. Takeda drug impresses in ulcerative colitis study 2012-05-22T15:51:57Z

This compartmentalization of mucosal immunity is a result of the programming of adaptive immune cells to travel back to the mucosae following their differentiation in Peyer's patches or MLNs. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z

We thus identified a link between the route of vaccination and the induction of a mucosal homing program on induced CD8 T cells that controlled their trafficking. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z

This narrowing of the nasal passage enhances contact between the air and the mucosal tissue, which helps to warm and humidify that air, Noback notes. The Shape of a Nose 2011-08-21T11:15:00.460Z

Circumcision reduces the mucosal surface area, thereby potentially minimizing the interface for abrasion and transmission of viruses. What's the deal with male circumcision and female cervical cancer? 2011-04-04T16:15:00.253Z

These melanomas are unlikely to be caused by UV radiation, based on epidemiologic data — probably because mucosal surfaces are not exposed to the sun. Expert Answers About Melanoma 2010-09-20T15:56:00Z

Vitamin A is not synthesized by the host so its influence on the regulatory tone of the mucosal immune response is predicated from adequate dietary intake. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z

Immunization route directly affected the efficacy of the cancer vaccine to control mucosal tumors. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z

There are a few theories: One is that, by reducing the amount of mucosal tissue exposed during sex, circumcision limits the virus' access to the body cells it targets. Circumcision may prevent sex-related penis injuries 2010-06-04T16:25:00Z

EB affects not only the skin, but also weakens mucosal tissues in the mouth and gut, which cannot be grafted. Rays of Hope in Battling an Agonizing Disease 2010-03-13T23:38:00Z

Unless a very large esophagoscope be used, a traction diverticulum may easily be overlooked in the mucosal folds. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery

Now extending to all jawed vertebrate taxa, except cartilaginous fish and reptiles, this unique class of immunoglobulin is adapted for interactions with the commensal microbiota and mucosal pathogens. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z

Although many human cancers are located in mucosal sites, most cancer vaccines are tested against subcutaneous tumors in preclinical models. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z

The loose cellular tissue is most frequently concerned in the process rather than the mucosal layer alone. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery

The endoscopic appearances are unmistakable to anyone familiar with the appearance of mucosal inflammations. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery

Here again the obstruction may be prolonged, or it may be quite intermittent, due to a valve-like action of the swollen mucosal surfaces or folds intermittently coming in contact. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery

When the adaptive immune response is recruited, it is typically limited to the mucosal tissues such that systemic immunity is not generated. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z

The cardia will not be noticed as a constriction, but its appearance will be announced by the rolling in of reddish gastric mucosal folds, and by a gush of fluid from the stomach. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery

单词	mucosal
例句	mucosal You are bravely trying to articulate the word “doughnut” through an intimidatingly thick mucosal barrier, no? Move over, cronuts: the donug has arrived 2018-06-19T04:00:00Z The gelatin in bone broth protects and heals the mucosal lining of the digestive tract and helps aid in the digestion of nutrients. Bone broth: Winter’s new miracle drink The eyes, nose and mouth are all mucosal sites that are vulnerable to viruses. Want boldly made-up eyes above your mask? Here’s how to get the look while staying safe. 2020-07-11T04:00:00Z However, when the balance of gastric mucosal secretion is disturbed, stomach acid can cause discomfort and, in severe cases, conditions such as gastric ulcers and reflux esophagitis. Scientists build on artificial intelligence to create next-generation gastric acid treatment 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z The goal is to stimulate immunity at the mucosal membranes, a strategy that might prove better at thwarting SARS-CoV-2 than current shots. Billions boost next-generation COVID-19 vaccine and treatments 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z Professor Good said: "In the future, this vaccine platform could pave the way for other mucosal pathogens." Vaccine via the nasal passage could be the new line of defence against Strep A 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z The mucosal immune system is largely independent of the systemic immune system but functions in parallel to protect the extensive mucosal surfaces of the body. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Another goal is to produce nasal vaccines that prompt immune responses within the body’s mucosal linings, potentially eliciting a stronger defense than shots in the arm. News at a glance: New U.S. coronavirus research, lab gear’s carbon cost, and a repurposed accelerator 2023-04-12T04:00:00Z “Our ability to develop … vaccines that generate mucosal immunity will have very large benefits for other respiratory pathogens we deal with all the time, like flu and RSV,” he said. White House launching $5 billion program to speed coronavirus vaccines 2023-04-10T04:00:00Z Over time, both H. pylori and NSAIDs can break down the mucosal barrier of the gut lining, eventually causing an ulcer to develop. The wild world inside your gut 2023-02-25T05:00:00Z "We demonstrated that a liposomal mucosal vaccination strategy can induce robust local protective immunity." Vaccine via the nasal passage could be the new line of defence against Strep A 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z Despite these defenses, pathogens may enter the body through skin abrasions or punctures, or by collecting on mucosal surfaces in large numbers that overcome the protections of mucus or cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Like Ebola, it causes a deadly hemorrhagic fever characterized by bleeding in a person’s organs and through their mouth, eyes, rectum and other mucosal surfaces. Opinion \| The Checkup With Dr. Wen: Key lessons from recent measles and Marburg outbreaks 2023-02-23T05:00:00Z Some researchers believe nasal vaccines, which aim to induce mucosal immunity, might guard against infection. What’s next for COVID-19 vaccines? Scientists and regulators chart a course amid uncertainty 2023-01-24T05:00:00Z Another priority is to introduce nasal vaccines that prompt immune responses within the body’s mucosal linings; compared with shots in the arm, these should elicit a stronger, quicker defense against initial infection. Eleven science stories likely to make big news in 2023 2023-01-04T05:00:00Z A: I’d like to guide how the good research done in the arena of both mucosal, nasal vaccines for respiratory diseases, as well as more durable vaccines that protect against entire families of viruses. Anthony Fauci, loved and hated, plots his next move: ‘I'm not going to sit in my house’ 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z Mast cells are produced in the same way as white blood cells, but unlike circulating white blood cells, mast cells take up residence in connective tissues and especially mucosal tissues. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Immunoglobin is a protein antibody produced in the mucosal lining and plays an important role in antibody mediated immunity. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z While most people do develop skin lesions, many reported having only a single papule that was often obscured inside a mucosal area, such as inside the mouth, throat or rectum, making it easier to miss. How does monkeypox spread? An expert explains why it isn’t an STI and what counts as close contact 2022-08-08T04:00:00Z These GI hormones are secreted by specialized epithelial cells, called endocrinocytes, located in the mucosal epithelium of the stomach and small intestine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “It can prevent the infection of these tissues altogether” “It makes sense to establish immune defense right at these mucosal sites,” she said, referring to the inside of the nose. Where’s the next generation of COVID-19 shots? 2022-06-23T04:00:00Z What could be most important about nasal vaccines is their ability to awaken a powerful bodily defender known as mucosal immunity, something largely untapped by the standard shots. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z It is an antibody produced in the mucosal lining. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Transmission requires exchange of mucosal fluids or direct contact with the virus in sufficient quantity to seed an infection. How does monkeypox spread? An expert explains why it isn’t an STI and what counts as close contact 2022-08-08T04:00:00Z The stomach is protected from self-digestion by the mucosal barrier. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z And other researchers are investigating vaccines that boost mucosal immunity in the nose, as well as protein-based shots that may be better at protecting against the coronavirus in the future. Who Should Get a 4th Covid Shot? 2022-03-18T04:00:00Z The mucosal system relies on specialized cells and antibodies within the mucus-rich lining of the nose and other parts of our airways, as well as the gut. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z Despite these barriers, pathogens may enter the body through skin abrasions or punctures, or by collecting on mucosal surfaces in large numbers that overcome the mucus or cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z So-called mucosal vaccines ideally would coat the mucosal surfaces of the nose, mouth and throat with long-lasting antibodies, and would be much better at preventing infection and spread of the virus. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z Finally, stem cells located where gastric glands join the gastric pits quickly replace damaged epithelial mucosal cells, when the epithelial cells are shed. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z He was diagnosed with mucosal melanoma over a year ago. Legislator dies using medical suicide law he helped pass 2022-01-19T05:00:00Z “If we want to contain the spread of the virus, the only way to do that is through mucosal immunity.” Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z The systemic and mucosal immune systems use many of the same cell types. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z By contrast, nasal vaccines produce a special set of antibodies, called IgA, that thrive on mucosal surfaces like the nose and throat. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z It is thicker, more vascular, and has more developed mucosal folds than the jejunum. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Because bacteriophages often line the mucosal membranes of humans' stomach, intestines, nose and throat, they in theory may protect us from diseases by killing bacteria that comes toward those organs. Far from evil, viruses have driven — and even helped — human evolution 2021-12-03T05:00:00Z Iwasaki likens mucosal vaccines to putting a guard at the front door, as opposed to waiting until the invader is already inside to attack. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z APCs of the mucosal immune system are primarily dendritic cells, with B cells and macrophages having minor roles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “Location really matters, and mucosal immunity is really important for protection from infection,” said Michal Tal, an immunologist at Stanford University who was involved in the work. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z The mucosal epithelium, primarily composed of absorptive cells, covers the villi. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If those kids become infected, they’re susceptible to higher viral loads “in their mucosal surfaces, so in their noses, perhaps in their mouths as well,” Graham said. Do school fountains spread COVID? Why one district is giving students water bottles 2021-09-09T04:00:00Z While conventional injectable vaccines are generally poor at inducing protective mucosal immunity, nasal vaccines have been shown to do a good job of triggering both mucosal and systemic responses. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z Activated T cells then migrate through the lymphatic system and into the circulatory system to mucosal sites of infection. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z People who gain immunity because of an infection with the virus — rather than from an injected vaccine — tend to have strong mucosal immunity, at least for a while. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z This distinguishes the small intestine from the stomach; that is, enzymatic digestion occurs not only in the lumen, but also on the luminal surfaces of the mucosal cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When people are exposed to any respiratory pathogen, it may find a foothold in the mucosal lining of the nose — without causing any harm beyond that. Behind the Masks, a Mystery: How Often Do the Vaccinated Spread the Virus? 2021-07-29T04:00:00Z Developing a nasal vaccine is tricky, however, because scientists know relatively little about the machinations of mucosal immunity. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z The mucosal tissue includes the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus, and the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But she warned that trying to obtain mucosal immunity by getting infected was dangerous. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z A refined system prevents these bacteria from crossing the mucosal barrier. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Although IgG is found in breast milk, it's not clear to what extent IgG acts on the mucosal linings. Can "vaccinated" breast milk protect kids? The science is hazy 2021-05-22T04:00:00Z Then researchers spray a mix with similar spike proteins directly into the nose, converting that first reaction into mucosal immunity. Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z Upon reinvasion of the same pathogen type, a pronounced immune response occurs at the mucosal site where the original pathogen deposited, but a collective defense is also organized within interconnected or adjacent mucosal tissue. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For example, the aroma of a delicious meal may flood the mouth with saliva, diluting mucosal antibody levels. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z Once inside mucosal cells, ionic iron binds to the protein ferritin, creating iron-ferritin complexes that store iron until needed. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “Some antigens give you antibodies, some antigens may give you more T cell responses, some antigens may do both. Some antigens may be better at inducing mucosal immunity than systemic immunity,” he says. Vaccines that can protect against many coronaviruses could prevent another pandemic 2021-04-15T04:00:00Z “We can get there, and as a bonus we can provide mucosal immunity.” Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z Importantly, mucosal-administered vaccines elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity and produce the same level of disease resistance as injected vaccines. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “It’s just like a stepchild for vaccine development, because it’s hard,” Florian Krammer, an immunologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, said of mucosal vaccines. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z Intrinsic factor secreted in the stomach binds to vitamin B12, preventing its digestion and creating a complex that binds to mucosal receptors in the terminal ileum, where it is taken up by endocytosis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But the early research and development efforts focused on the mucosal route do appear to be promising. To Beat COVID, We May Need a Good Shot in the Nose 2021-03-01T05:00:00Z This is why mucosal vaccines, like the nasal spray FluMist or the oral polio vaccine, are better than intramuscular injections at fending off respiratory viruses, experts said. Here’s Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z The mucosal immune system is largely independent from the systemic immune system but functions in a parallel fashion to protect the extensive mucosal surfaces of the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “The way to get people that kind of mucosal protection really, really, really should be with a nasal vaccine,” she said. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z These two activities are facilitated by structural adaptations that increase the mucosal surface area by 600-fold, including circular folds, villi, and microvilli. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As phages move around the body looking for bacteria, some of them bind to cells on the surface of mucosal membranes, such as those that line the nose, throat, stomach and intestines. Viruses Can Help Us as Well as Harm Us 2020-12-01T05:00:00Z And a study of Covid-19 patients found that antibody levels in saliva and blood were closely matched — suggesting that a strong immune response in the blood would also protect mucosal tissues. Here’s Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z IgA occurs in different forms at the mucosal membranes and in the blood. Why the race to find Covid-19 vaccines is far from over 2020-11-22T05:00:00Z Measuring mucosal antibodies is much more difficult than quantifying antibodies in the blood. The COVID vaccine we need now may not be a shot 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z Macrophages are found in the skin and in the lining of mucosal surfaces, such as the nasopharynx, stomach, lungs, and intestines. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “Over the last 10 or 15 years, it’s been more recognised that protective mechanisms exist at the mucosal surface,” says Dr Christopher Chiu, from the department of infectious disease at Imperial College London. Scientists race to find 'warm' Covid vaccine to solve issue of cold storage 2020-11-20T05:00:00Z Or people could get an intramuscular injection followed by a mucosal boost that produces protective antibodies in the nose and throat. Here’s Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z Another challenge is how this virus enters the body: through the nasal mucosal membranes. Lessons from AIDS for the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z This was because the intranasal vaccine summoned potent ‘mucosal’ immune responses that can block the virus at the site of infection in the upper airways, the team says. The underdog coronavirus vaccines the world will need if front runners stumble 2020-09-08T04:00:00Z The uterine tubes also have three layers: an outer serosa, a middle smooth muscle layer, and an inner mucosal layer. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But oestrogen’s effect was not limited to mucosal fluid dynamics in the lungs. The gender gap in cystic fibrosis 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z In late 2018, Mr. Den Hollander received a diagnosis of mucosal melanoma, a severe form of cancer, he wrote. Inside the Violent and Misogynistic World of Roy Den Hollander 2020-07-26T04:00:00Z “Knowing how potent mucosal responses can be against a viral pathogen, it would be ideal to be thinking about mucosal vaccines,” said Akiko Iwasaki, an immunologist at Yale University. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z Or perhaps relatively mild infections are restricted to certain areas of the body, they said, such as within mucosal cells of the respiratory tract. Coronavirus antibodies may remain stable in blood for 2 months: study 2020-06-16T04:00:00Z They transport the protein and carbohydrate nutrients absorbed by mucosal cells after food is digested in the lumen. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z That’s because the antibodies that protect people against viruses infecting mucosal surfaces like the lining of the nose tend to be short-lived. Six Months of Coronavirus: Here’s Some of What We’ve Learned 2020-06-01T04:00:00Z This is not trivial, as improved mucosal immunity is why the Sabin polio vaccine prevents transmission of poliovirus, whereas the Salk vaccine does not. Beware of Antibody-based COVID-19 "Immunity Passports" 2020-04-28T04:00:00Z But vaccines spritzed through the nose or mouth would also tap into another set of immune cells that hang around mucosal tissues. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z There is a third type of antibody, called IgA, that is present in mucosal tissues — like the inner lining of the lung. Will an Antibody Test Allow Us to Go Back to School or Work? 2020-04-10T04:00:00Z At the basal surface of the mucosal cells, the sodium and amino acid are released. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The virus enters the body through mucosal surfaces, including the nose, eyes, mouth, hair and eyelashes. People with coronavirus are highly contagious for days prior to symptoms, says scientist 2020-04-01T04:00:00Z The international diagnostic criteria were derived from non-African people presenting mainly with inflamed joints and mucosal membranes. Africa should set its own health-research agenda 2019-11-25T05:00:00Z These mucosal immune responses seem to underlie the success of the oral polio vaccine, which contains a weakened form of polio virus and has helped most of the world eradicate polio. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z Fungi and bacteria coexist in the gut and other mucosal sites, and it is likely that alterations in one community will affect the other. Fungi accelerate pancreatic cancer 2019-10-01T04:00:00Z Among many obstacles to developing a universal vaccine, the most formidable is our incomplete understanding of the immune responses that protect people against influenza, including the role of immunity at mucosal surfaces. We Need a Universal Flu Vaccine before the Next Pandemic Strikes 2018-02-05T05:00:00Z Segmented filamentous bacteria antigens presented by intestinal dendritic cells drive mucosal TH17 cell differentiation. Innate and adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism 2018-01-21T05:00:00Z Colonic transit time is related to bacterial metabolism and mucosal turnover in the gut. Quantitative microbiome profiling links gut community variation to microbial load 2017-11-14T05:00:00Z Reliably rousing mucosal immunity isn’t easy, however — and vaccines that specifically target them come with their own drawbacks. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z Intestinal epithelial tuft cells initiate type 2 mucosal immunity to helminth parasites. A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z At different mucosal sites, such as the mouth, the microbiota reduce the inflammatory response to pathogens that would otherwise stimulate the immune system for their own advantage, says Burton. Microbiome: A bag of surprises 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Interleukin-22 alleviates metabolic disorders and restores mucosal immunity in diabetes. Innate and adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism 2018-01-21T05:00:00Z The autopsy found mucosal erosions, a type of lesion, that indicated Jenkins had suffered from hypothermia, the medical examiner's office said in a statement. Chicago medical examiner: Death of woman in hotel walk-in freezer was an accident 2017-10-07T04:00:00Z Designing a mucosal vaccine with less risky ingredients, such as inactivated viruses or genetic material, could circumvent that issue. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z Among many hurdles to developing a universal vaccine, the most formidable is our incomplete understanding of the immune responses that protect people against influenza, including the role of immunity at mucosal surfaces. 100 Years after the Lethal 1918 Flu Pandemic, We Are Still Vulnerable 2017-09-15T04:00:00Z But the fibrils are found in most primates, notes Nadia Roan, a mucosal biologist at the University of California, San Francisco. Protein tangles behind Alzheimer’s disease may be critical for human reproduction 2017-07-11T04:00:00Z The haemostat was angled towards the mucosa and opened slightly so that a single mucosal fold could be clasped by closing the haemostat to the first notch. A distinct role for Lgr5+ stem cells in primary and metastatic colon cancer : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z The spray elicited antibodies specific to the mucosal immune system. High-pressure spray delivers vaccines directly into cheek 2017-03-08T05:00:00Z Much of mucosal immunity also remains mysterious to researchers. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z The book also describes the parting gift the jungle bestowed on Preston and several of his colleagues: mucosal leishmaniasis, a parasitic “flesh-eating” disease common to the tropics. This adventurer found the trip worth it — despite the flesh-eating disease 2017-03-03T05:00:00Z With von Willebrand disease, Broome says, the bleeding patterns tend to be on mucosal surfaces. Von Willebrand Disease: the Under-the-Radar Bleeding Disorder 2016-10-07T04:00:00Z Monkey studies suggested a mechanism: inflammation brings more of HIV’s favorite target, CD4 white blood cells, to the mucosal surface. Vaginal bacteria species can raise HIV infection risk and undermine prevention 2016-07-18T04:00:00Z Whether there is a role for antigen specificity in Treg-cell-mediated tolerance at mucosal surfaces, however, is an important question that still needs to be answered. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z That means mucosal recipes might not be among the first generation of coronavirus vaccines. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z But — enter the curse! — something found them: mucosal leishmaniasis. This adventurer found the trip worth it — despite the flesh-eating disease 2017-03-03T05:00:00Z These disorders provide models for studying perturbed crosstalk between the microbiota and the innate immune system because they integrate all aspects of mucosal immunology at the interface between microbial colonization and innate-immune-system activation. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Gut epithelial tuft cells are key players in mucosal immune responses against parasites. Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut \| Science 2016-03-17T04:00:00Z Elucidation of the mechanisms by which commensal microbes deliver antigens for presentation in an immunogenic versus a tolerogenic context might enable the development of effective mucosal vaccines. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Intramuscular vaccines generally do a poor job of eliciting this mucosal response, and must instead rely on immune cells mobilized from elsewhere in the body flocking to the site of infection. You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z There are three main types: cutaneous, visceral and mucosal. This adventurer found the trip worth it — despite the flesh-eating disease 2017-03-03T05:00:00Z Sensing by this system therefore serves as a rheostat for the metabolic activity of the microbiota and its exposure to diet and xenobiotics, as well as for the presence of mucosal infections. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Gut epithelial tuft cells are key players in mucosal immune responses against parasites. Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut \| Science 2016-03-17T04:00:00Z These homeostatic TH17 cells then stimulate epithelial cells to enhance the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z “If enough antibodies reach the right mucosal surface, it doesn’t really matter how they were induced.” You’d Rather Get a Coronavirus Vaccine Through Your Nose 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z It’s also effective against mucosal leishmaniasis, but the treatment is not pleasant. This adventurer found the trip worth it — despite the flesh-eating disease 2017-03-03T05:00:00Z Such findings suggest that colonization by commensal microorganisms profoundly shapes the myeloid landscape of the host, both in mucosal tissues and systemically. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z In a study from Wilkes University, researchers found that when students listened to soothing music, their levels of IgA—a type of antibody that is present on mucosal surfaces such as nostrils, mouth, lungs—increased. NINA RADCLIFF: The power of music and your health 2016-03-17T04:00:00Z These homeostatic TH17 cells then stimulate epithelial cells to enhance the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z The procedure, called duodenal mucosal resurfacing, could be used as a temporary treatment for diabetes in people who don’t qualify for, or don’t want to have, weight-loss surgery. If Gastric Bypass Benefits Type 2 Diabetes, Might Other Surgeries Help, Too? 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z Preconditioning results in considerable early morbidity owing to transitory blood-cell depletion, immunodeficiency and mucosal damage, which place the recipient at risk of severe infection. Gene therapy returns to centre stage : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-10-13T04:00:00Z So he and colleagues crafted a trachea from multiple polymers, realistically simulating cartilage rings, muscles, and a mucosal layer. How a scientist lost $3 million on TV’s Shark Tank—and still came out ahead 2015-06-16T04:00:00Z One is to slow a drug's passage through the GI system by using devices that increase friction with the gut's mucosal walls4. Perspective: Special delivery for the gut : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-03-24T04:00:00Z The immune responses that mucosal bacteria elicit therefore differ according to the route and context of antigen delivery. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z In the end, Dr. Haidry purposely burned two-thirds of the mucosal that he intended, a result he still considered a success. If Gastric Bypass Benefits Type 2 Diabetes, Might Other Surgeries Help, Too? 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z The drug “looks promising,” says Charles Elson, a mucosal immunologist and gastroenterologist at the University of Alabama, Birmingham, who was not involved in the work. New drug for Crohn's disease targets RNA 2015-03-18T04:00:00Z If his research holds up, there would be no needles, no lengthy infusions, just a quick spray into the rich mucosal lining of the nose. On the Hunt for a Multiple Sclerosis Cure Given the rarity of melanomas in dark-skinned individuals, coupled with their high proportion of acral or mucosal melanomas, the odds of them developing melanoma from excessive sun exposure are slim. Skin colour: No hiding in the dark : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-18T05:00:00Z This might be because the skin is faced with challenges from the environment that differ from those faced by mucosal sites and therefore requires distinct pathways to control its local immune responses. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Some have their doubts that the duodenal mucosal procedure will work. If Gastric Bypass Benefits Type 2 Diabetes, Might Other Surgeries Help, Too? 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z “This would be analogous to, in a football game, arming the defense with baseball bats,” says Andrew Gewirtz, a mucosal immunologist at Georgia State University in Atlanta. Cells can fight viruses, even when stimulated to combat bacteria 2014-11-13T05:00:00Z This is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis. FDA approves Paladin drug to treat tropical disease 2014-03-19T22:48:50Z SIg A is a type of antibody that protects the mucosal linings found inside our air ways, digestive system and intestines. How to Cure Candida 2013-10-25T18:11:00Z It voted 15-1 in favor for visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form; and it voted 13-3 in favor for mucosal disease. U.S. FDA panel backs Paladin Labs' parasitic disease drug 2013-10-18T19:10:07Z Dr. Gagner believes the duodenal mucosal procedure trial needs to demonstrate that endocrine cells that have become dysfunctional with diabetes are present in the duodenum, and that their numbers are decreased after the procedure. If Gastric Bypass Benefits Type 2 Diabetes, Might Other Surgeries Help, Too? 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z Some metals are undoubtedly absorbed through mucosal tissues in the mouth, Dr. Palfrey added. Well: Is There Danger Lurking in Your Lipstick? 2013-08-16T14:57:21Z The guide clubbed it several times between its round, watery eyes, and finally it went still, the mucosal red skin fading to milky white. Sea Change: How Can We Help Oceans Recover? 2013-08-16T12:45:00.507Z "It's a novel immune system that we think is applicable to all mucosal surfaces, and it's one of the first examples of a direct symbiosis between phages and an animal host," Barr says. Friendly Viruses Protect Us Against Bacteria 2013-05-20T20:35:00Z Divergence of gut permeability and mucosal immune gene expression in two gluten-associated conditions: celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Gluten Sensitivity: What Does It Really Mean? 2013-03-04T13:15:00.243Z Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human mucosal lung cancer also expressed CD49a, which supports the relevance and possible extrapolation of these results in humans. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z Two weeks after the treatment, the researchers examined samples from the mucosal lining of the monkey’s colons. Parasitic Worm Eggs Ease Intestinal Ills by Changing Gut Macrobiota 2012-11-15T23:15:03.963Z Disruption of electrolyte homeostasis at mucosal surfaces leads to severe lung, pancreatic, intestinal, hepatic, and reproductive abnormalities. [Research Articles] Quantitative Analysis of the Human Airway Microbial Ecology Reveals a Pervasive Signature for Cystic Fibrosis 2012-09-26T18:55:05.980Z The next step, Barr says, is to explore how this symbiosis works in real-life mucosal surfaces of all types, where many different types of phages and bacteria are interacting. Friendly Viruses Protect Us Against Bacteria 2013-05-20T20:35:00Z The mucosal immune memory of the mother is thereby transmitted to her offspring. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z We therefore wondered whether mucosa-specific homing instructions to the immune system might influence mucosal tumor outgrowth. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z These studies demonstrate that sinus mucosal health is highly dependent on the composition of the resident microbiota as well as identify both a new sino-pathogen and a strong bacterial candidate for therapeutic intervention. [Research Articles] Sinus Microbiome Diversity Depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Enrichment Mediates Rhinosinusitis 2012-09-12T18:55:05.303Z Tears and a runny nose can be unpleasant on a windy day, but these mucosal secretions play a vital role in protecting the body from viruses and other malicious microbes. Small Comfort: Nanomedicine Able to Penetrate Bodily Defenses 2012-06-14T11:15:00.207Z In addition to remission rates, researchers looked at the rate of durable clinical response and bowel improvement, or mucosal healing, at week 52. Takeda drug impresses in ulcerative colitis study 2012-05-22T15:51:57Z This compartmentalization of mucosal immunity is a result of the programming of adaptive immune cells to travel back to the mucosae following their differentiation in Peyer's patches or MLNs. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z We thus identified a link between the route of vaccination and the induction of a mucosal homing program on induced CD8 T cells that controlled their trafficking. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z This narrowing of the nasal passage enhances contact between the air and the mucosal tissue, which helps to warm and humidify that air, Noback notes. The Shape of a Nose 2011-08-21T11:15:00.460Z Circumcision reduces the mucosal surface area, thereby potentially minimizing the interface for abrasion and transmission of viruses. What's the deal with male circumcision and female cervical cancer? 2011-04-04T16:15:00.253Z These melanomas are unlikely to be caused by UV radiation, based on epidemiologic data — probably because mucosal surfaces are not exposed to the sun. Expert Answers About Melanoma 2010-09-20T15:56:00Z Vitamin A is not synthesized by the host so its influence on the regulatory tone of the mucosal immune response is predicated from adequate dietary intake. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z Immunization route directly affected the efficacy of the cancer vaccine to control mucosal tumors. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z There are a few theories: One is that, by reducing the amount of mucosal tissue exposed during sex, circumcision limits the virus' access to the body cells it targets. Circumcision may prevent sex-related penis injuries 2010-06-04T16:25:00Z EB affects not only the skin, but also weakens mucosal tissues in the mouth and gut, which cannot be grafted. Rays of Hope in Battling an Agonizing Disease 2010-03-13T23:38:00Z Unless a very large esophagoscope be used, a traction diverticulum may easily be overlooked in the mucosal folds. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Now extending to all jawed vertebrate taxa, except cartilaginous fish and reptiles, this unique class of immunoglobulin is adapted for interactions with the commensal microbiota and mucosal pathogens. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z Although many human cancers are located in mucosal sites, most cancer vaccines are tested against subcutaneous tumors in preclinical models. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z The loose cellular tissue is most frequently concerned in the process rather than the mucosal layer alone. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The endoscopic appearances are unmistakable to anyone familiar with the appearance of mucosal inflammations. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Here again the obstruction may be prolonged, or it may be quite intermittent, due to a valve-like action of the swollen mucosal surfaces or folds intermittently coming in contact. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery When the adaptive immune response is recruited, it is typically limited to the mucosal tissues such that systemic immunity is not generated. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z The cardia will not be noticed as a constriction, but its appearance will be announced by the rolling in of reddish gastric mucosal folds, and by a gush of fluid from the stomach. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery
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