| 单词 | lithosphere |
| 例句 | To say that the lithosphere floats on top of the asthenosphere suggests a degree of easy buoyancy that isn’t quite right. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z The oceanic lithosphere, which constitutes the top layer including Earth's crust and mantle below the oceans, has long intrigued scientists due to its peculiar behavior. Exploring the effect of water on seismic wave attenuation in the upper mantle 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z The Earth's outermost layer, the lithosphere, is made up of plates of rock that are cracked like puzzle pieces. No, we still can’t predict earthquakes (despite what some on Twitter may say) 2023-02-09T05:00:00Z The sediments accumulated in a basin that is thought to have been at least partly formed by the presence of a subducting slab of oceanic lithosphere underneath this part of North America. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The lithosphere can move vertically as a result of two main processes, tectonics, and isostatic rebound. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Mars’s lithosphere lacks these distinct plate boundaries, however. Largest Marsquake Ever Recorded May Be InSight’s Swan Song 2022-05-24T04:00:00Z The exact reasons behind these distinct properties and how they enable the lithosphere to move over the asthenosphere are not clearly understood. Exploring the effect of water on seismic wave attenuation in the upper mantle 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Mars’s lithosphere, the study shows, is about 500 kilometers in thickness, compared with Earth’s approximately 250-kilometer-thick lithosphere. InSight Lander Makes Best-Yet Maps of Martian Depths 2021-07-22T04:00:00Z The crust and outermost rigid mantle together make up the lithosphere. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Isostasy describes the equilibrium that exists for the earth’s lithosphere, where denser lithosphere “sinks” lower on top of the asthenosphere and less dense lithosphere “floats” higher on the asthenosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Roughly 90 percent of quakes on Earth are produced by the movement of tectonic plates, massive slabs of the planet’s lithosphere that slide around atop the semisolid asthenosphere layer and occasionally bump into one another. Largest Marsquake Ever Recorded May Be InSight’s Swan Song 2022-05-24T04:00:00Z "We experimentally determined the seismic wave attenuation characteristics, parameters for ascertaining the softness of the lithosphere and asthenosphere, under high temperature and pressure using our short-period oscillation generation technology," explains Prof. Yoshino. Exploring the effect of water on seismic wave attenuation in the upper mantle 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Traditionally, Venus's lithosphere - its rocky outer layer - was thought to be in one continuous piece, in contrast to the Earth's, which is broken up into a mosaic of mobile tectonic plates. Signs of geological activity found on Venus 2021-06-22T04:00:00Z The lithosphere is divided into about 20 tectonic plates that move in different directions on Earth’s surface. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Isostatic rebound is when some weight is removed from the continental lithosphere causing it to “float” higher on the asthenosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z His co-author Karol Czarnota, a researcher at Geoscience Australia, was visiting Harvard and mentioned noticing—and wondering why—metal deposits in northern Australia seemed to align with areas where the lithosphere's thickness varies. Science Pinpoints Global Metal Deposit Locations 2020-10-14T04:00:00Z In this mode of planetary cooling, a convecting mantle conducts heat through a relatively rigid outer shell called the lithosphere. Role of major erosion events in Earth’s dynamics 2019-06-04T04:00:00Z So Venus's tectonic activity might resemble that on early Earth, during the Archean Eon, between four billion and 2.5 billion years ago, when the heat flow within the planet was higher and the lithosphere thinner. Signs of geological activity found on Venus 2021-06-22T04:00:00Z Subduction zones are assumed to form where accumulation of sediment at a passive margin leads to separation of oceanic and continental lithosphere. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Melting glaciers removes weight from the continental lithosphere causing it to rise or “rebound” from being previously depressed. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The study, published in July in Nature Geoscience, comprehensively maps the correlation between known metal deposits and lithosphere thickness and proposes a potential mechanism for that correlation. Science Pinpoints Global Metal Deposit Locations 2020-10-14T04:00:00Z “We need to remember that there’s a very interesting, a possibly active, lithosphere beneath that as well.” Gigantic Ice Formation Found on Saturn's Moon Titan 2019-05-01T04:00:00Z "Our findings suggest that young oceanic lithosphere is brittle to greater depths than previously assumed and that rupture is facilitated by wholesale deviatoric tension in the subducted slab, possibly due to fluid infiltration." The massive 2017 Mexican earthquake split a tectonic plate in two, and geologists are shaken 2018-10-25T04:00:00Z The climate is basically a giant planet-sized machine with lots of moving parts—the atmosphere, the lithosphere, the cryosphere, the biosphere—and the interactions between those moving parts may be quite sensitive. Alien Anthropocene: How Would Other Worlds Battle Climate Change? 2018-06-13T04:00:00Z Since both plates are made of oceanic lithosphere, it is usually the older plate that subducts because it is colder and denser. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z When the lithosphere experiences tugging forces, it becomes thinner, until it eventually ruptures, Perez Diaz wrote. A huge crack provides evidence that Africa is slowly splitting into two 2018-04-06T04:00:00Z Grott, M. & Breuer, D. On the spatial variability of the Martian elastic lithosphere thickness: evidence for mantle plumes? Timing of oceans on Mars from shoreline deformation 2018-03-18T04:00:00Z The issue is that even if a plate is dense enough to sink into the mantle, the lithosphere—the strong and rigid outer shell of the planet—has to crack first. Earth's Tectonic Activity May Be Crucial for Life -- and Rare in Our Galaxy 2017-07-20T04:00:00Z Earth-system science takes an integrated approach, so that climate change affects the functioning of not just the atmosphere, but also the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the biosphere and even the lithosphere. Define the Anthropocene in terms of the whole Earth 2016-08-16T04:00:00Z If continental and oceanic lithosphere are fused on the same plate, it can partially subduct but its buoyancy prevents it from fully descending. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z In the East African Rift’s case, a large mantle plume under the lithosphere is weakening it, allowing it to stretch, Perez Diaz said. A huge crack provides evidence that Africa is slowly splitting into two 2018-04-06T04:00:00Z As the funnel deforms, the lithosphere weakens and rips, producing several independent slabs that dangle into the mantle. How the shell of ancient Earth cracked, giving rise to moving continents 2015-11-11T05:00:00Z But what causes the lithosphere to crack is hotly debated in the field. Earth's Tectonic Activity May Be Crucial for Life -- and Rare in Our Galaxy 2017-07-20T04:00:00Z At around 130km underground, these plumes melt, breaching the outer layer of the Earth’s crust, called the lithosphere and creating visible volcanoes. World’s longest continental volcano chain discovered in Australia 2015-09-14T04:00:00Z As pieces of the continental lithosphere break loose and migrate upward through the obduction zone, they bring along bits of the mantle and ocean floor and amend them on top of the continental plate. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The lithosphere, which is about 62 miles thick, lies above and slides over mantle rocks, which are warmer and weaker and flow slowly as they transfer heat from the core, about 1,865 miles below. The Upper Crust in a Tectonic Plate Collision 2015-06-01T04:00:00Z In the process, its edges override the surrounding lithosphere, pushing the lithosphere down into a funnel-shaped depression. How the shell of ancient Earth cracked, giving rise to moving continents 2015-11-11T05:00:00Z That would allow them to paint a more accurate picture and even explore how changing the composition might crack the lithosphere—the other important criterion for kick-starting plate tectonics. Earth's Tectonic Activity May Be Crucial for Life -- and Rare in Our Galaxy 2017-07-20T04:00:00Z The team calculates that the oldest rock on Earth — the 550-million- to 4.6-billion-year-old Precambrian continental lithosphere — produces roughly 100 times more gas annually than scientists previously thought. Earth's deep crust could support widespread life 2014-12-16T05:00:00Z As the continental plates are pulled apart, they create a region of low pressure that melts the lithosphere and draws it upwards. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere is associated with a platewide high–seismic velocity “lid” overlying lowered velocities, consistent with thermal models. [Report] Changes in Seismic Anisotropy Shed Light on the Nature of the Gutenberg Discontinuity 2014-03-13T18:25:59.932Z Earth’s deepest earthquakes occur in subducting oceanic lithosphere, where temperatures are lower than in ambient mantle. [Report] Energy Release of the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk Earthquake and Deep Slab Stress Heterogeneity 2013-09-19T17:56:50.727Z “Life exists in extreme ecosystems, from the deep lithosphere to the high atmosphere,” says David Pearce, an environmental microbiologist with the BAS who will join the UK expedition. Hunt for Life under Antarctic Ice Heats Up 2012-11-21T17:15:00.317Z Physical geography naturally falls into three divisions, dealing respectively with the surface of the lithosphere—geomorphology; the hydrosphere—oceanography; and the atmosphere—climatology. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z As the oceanic lithosphere continues to diverge, a mid-ocean ridge is formed. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Rheological differences between Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere help drive plate tectonics. [Report] Changes in Seismic Anisotropy Shed Light on the Nature of the Gutenberg Discontinuity 2014-03-13T18:25:59.932Z Earth’s crust, the lithosphere, is broken up into more than a dozen solid plates that float on top of a more viscous layer of hot rock. Why Are There So Few Earthquakes On The East Coast? 2011-08-23T21:23:11Z The three great classes of rocks considered above are thus seen to be but stages in a cycle which the material of the lithosphere passes through. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z The present outer envelope of air may be considered to be the surviving relic of this condition, after all the other constituents have been incorporated into the hydrosphere and lithosphere. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z They are the only places on earth that create new oceanic lithosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Two years ago, Roy and her colleagues described an alternate theory to explain plateau uplift, in which the lithosphere warmed but did not drip. Grand Canyon Born by Continental Lift 2011-04-29T19:22:00Z The presence of a low-viscosity layer at the base of the lithosphere leads to the channelization of the flow in the asthenosphere, which affects the lithospheric thermal structure, all over the plate. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z This demonstrates that age is a major factor in the subsidence of oceanic lithosphere at old ages. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:51.520Z Then, every now and again, the interior 183activities fairly break the rocky earth shell or lithosphere, and whole mountain ranges are raised. Unexplored! The amount of new lithosphere being created at mid-ocean ridges is highly significant. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The chemical changes aren’t well understood, she says, and probably don’t lead to chunks of lithosphere getting more dense and breaking off. Grand Canyon Born by Continental Lift 2011-04-29T19:22:00Z Assuming the existence of an asthenospheric flow faster than the lithosphere, it is possible to develop an analytical model, which quantitatively assesses how this flow shapes the lithosphere structure. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z This appears inconsistent with their claim that “no additional heat supply is required at the base of the lithosphere.” [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:51.520Z About him was the blackness of a fire-formed lithosphere, whose lighter veining and occasional ashy fields were made ghostly in the earthlight. The Finding of Haldgren As the ridge continues to spread, the lithosphere material is pulled away from the area of volcanism and becomes colder and denser. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Some of the most valuable substances constitute such a small proportion of the total mass of the lithosphere that they hardly figure at all in a table of the common substances. The Economic Aspect of Geology The mechanism responsible for this trend is an asthenospheric flow, faster than the overlying plate, which shapes the lithosphere structure. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z The lithosphere is the more or less stable crust of the earth, which may have been, to begin with, about fifty miles in thickness. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Above the metallic core of the planet, the lithosphere consists exclusively of fluorides of the metals. Uller Uprising Strong convection currents cause the solid asthenosphere to slowly flow beneath the lithosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z By their action upon the lithosphere they have produced a third envelope,—the mantle of rock waste. The Elements of Geology The choice of the asthenospheric flow structure determines the shape of the overlying lithosphere, which, in this case, scales as the square root of the distance from the ridge. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z The area of collision-zone deformation and seismic activity usually covers a broader area because the continental lithosphere is plastic and malleable. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Decompression melting in the rift zone changes asthenosphere material into the new lithosphere, which oozes up through cracks in the oceanic plate. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Physical layers include the lithosphere and asthenosphere; chemical layers are crust, mantle, and core. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The dark, cold abysses of the ocean are far less affected by change than any other portion of the surface of the lithosphere. The Elements of Geology If these characteristics allow an asthenospheric flow faster than the lithosphere for the Pacific, this may not be the case for the other tectonic plates. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z The ridge feature is created by the accumulation of hot lithosphere material, which is lighter than the dense underlying asthenosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z This chunk of isostatically buoyant lithosphere sits partially submerged and partially exposed to the asthenosphere, like an ice cube floating in a glass of water. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The first solid evidence of modern plate tectonics is found at the end of the Archean, indicating at least some continental lithosphere must have been in place. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z This model of ridge formation suggests the sections of the lithosphere furthest away from the mid-ocean ridges will be the oldest. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z To account for the observed correlations, we propose that the asthenospheric flow, faster than the overlying lithosphere, shapes the structure of the plate. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z Since most mantle plumes are located beneath the oceanic lithosphere, the early stages of intraplate volcanism typically take place underwater. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Tectonic plates are made of crust and a portion of the upper mantle, forming a rigid physical layer called the lithosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The lithosphere of the entire area has stretched by a factor of about 2, meaning from end to end, the distance has doubled over the past 30 million years or so. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Physical layers include lithosphere and asthenosphere; chemical layers are crust, mantle, and core. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z However, they are ignored by these authors, who precisely claim their importance for understanding the lithosphere/asthenosphere interaction. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z The subducting slab contains oceanic lithosphere and hydrated minerals. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Lithos is Greek for stone, and the lithosphere is the outermost physical layer of the Earth. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Physical layers include the lithosphere and asthenosphere; chemical layers are crust, mantle, and core. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Continental lithosphere is generally thicker and considerably more plastic, especially at the deeper levels. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Here, we discuss a mechanism through which the large-scale convection—with no additional heat supply at old ages—shapes the lithosphere structure. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z Unlike the lithosphere that consists of multiple plates, the asthenosphere is relatively unbroken. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z A tectonic plate may be made of both oceanic and continental lithosphere connected by a passive margin. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The asthenosphere is the layer below the lithosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Continental lithosphere is of lower density and thus more buoyant than the underlying asthenosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The heat flux Q at the base of the lithosphere is imposed by the flow within the asthenosphere. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates? 2011-02-24T19:25:55.057Z Oceanic lithosphere is denser than continental lithosphere, and, when old and cold, may even be denser than asthenosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z |
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