| 单词 | lignin |
| 例句 | The toasting process breaks down starch and other polymers, called lignins and tannins, in the oak. The complex chemistry behind America’s spirit — how bourbon gets its distinctive taste and color 2023-09-14T04:00:00Z Ultraviolet rays from the sun break down lignin, the glue that holds wood fibers together. How to repair a peeling deck stain 2017-06-23T04:00:00Z About a decade ago, scientists discovered that the lignin in cow dung could yield vanillin, a breakthrough that food manufacturers have not exactly trumpeted. Museum of Food and Drink Takes a Look at Flavor 2015-10-20T04:00:00Z When the distillate seeps to the red-line layer, it dissolves the sugars in the barrel, as well as lignin byproducts and tannins. The complex chemistry behind America’s spirit — how bourbon gets its distinctive taste and color 2023-09-14T04:00:00Z When ultraviolet rays from the sun hit wood, they break down lignin, the natural glue that bonds wood fibers. South-facing wood should be finished with paint, not varnish 2020-09-04T04:00:00Z Ultraviolet rays break down lignin, the component in wood that holds the fibers together. Two enemies of outdoor wooden sculptures: Rain and sun 2019-06-21T04:00:00Z For those who worry about the sustainability of harvesting peat moss, there’s coir, made from coconut husks and high in lignin, the stuff of wood. Planting garlic? Weather conditions are key. During the cold winter months, the distillate retreats back into the barrel, but it takes with it these sugars, tannins and lignin byproducts from the wood, which enhance the flavors. The complex chemistry behind America’s spirit — how bourbon gets its distinctive taste and color 2023-09-14T04:00:00Z The endodermis contains a barrier to the movement of solutes and water that is made of lignin, the same material present in wood. Protein root discovery seals future of climate-proof plants 2023-10-27T04:00:00Z This dissolves the lignin in the wood leaving cellulose fibres. Does the paper industry need to cut its water usage? 2023-10-22T04:00:00Z The researchers repeated the process with bamboo fibers as well, which suggests that it could be useful with many other lignin and cellulose containing fibers. Mimicking a bird's sticky spit to create cellulose gels 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z Waste husks have been explored as a source of carbohydrates and sugars, but they also contain lignin, a tough lipid polymer found in many woody plants. Cocoa pods -- a source of chocolate, and potentially, flame retardants 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z Chemically, it contains substances such as cellulose and lignin. Leave your dead leaves on the ground this fall 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z But to demonstrate the true power of the approach, their new work concentrated on developing a strain that could feed on molecules derived from lignin -- a type of tough, fibrous plant tissue. Fast-track strain engineering for speedy biomanufacturing 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z The evolution of a waxy cuticle and a cell wall with lignin also contributed to the success of land plants. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They do not have the specialized cells that conduct fluids found in the vascular plants, and generally lack lignin. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z And lignin could be a renewable replacement for some substances typically derived from petroleum, such as flame retardants. Cocoa pods -- a source of chocolate, and potentially, flame retardants 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z This fungus is one of many “brown rot” fungi, because it digests the sugary cellulose in wood but not its lignin. Advice | Yes, fungus can eat your house. Here’s what to know. 2023-02-17T05:00:00Z We created a durable bio-based foam using lignin, a byproduct of the paper pulping industry, and a vegetable oil-based curing agent that introduces flexibility and toughness to the final material. Foams used in car seats and mattresses are hard to recycle — and pose health risks 2023-01-08T05:00:00Z Xylem conductive cells incorporate the compound lignin into their walls, and are thus described as lignified. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Fungal exoenzymes are able to break down insoluble polysaccharides, such as the cellulose and lignin of dead wood, into readily absorbable glucose molecules. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z While most methods to produce lignin have centered on hardwood trees, some scientists have processed other plant materials that would otherwise go to waste, such as rice husks and pomegranate peels. Cocoa pods -- a source of chocolate, and potentially, flame retardants 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z Both types have secondary cell walls that are thickened with deposits of lignin, an organic compound that is a key component of wood. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This causes even greater expansion pressure between the wood fibers, and soon the lignin in the wood fails. Wood can take a beating when it’s used outdoors 2022-08-09T04:00:00Z It consists mainly of cellulose and may also contain lignin , which makes it more rigid. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Fungi are particularly important because they have evolved enzymes to break down cellulose and lignin, components of plant cell walls that few other organisms are able to digest, releasing their carbon content. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z So, Nicholas J. Westwood and coworkers wanted to see if high-quality lignin could be extracted from cocoa pod husks and determine whether it has the potential to make valuable, practical materials. Cocoa pods -- a source of chocolate, and potentially, flame retardants 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z The cells of the secondary xylem contain lignin, which provides hardiness and strength. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z UV rays damage the lignin that holds together the wood fibers. Wood can take a beating when it’s used outdoors 2022-08-09T04:00:00Z Because of the lack of lignin and other resistant structures, the likelihood of bryophytes forming fossils is rather small. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Tracheids are hollow tubelike cells with thick cell walls strengthened by lignin. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z After rinsing to remove fatty residues, they boiled the powdered husks in a mixture of butanol and acid, a standard lignin extraction method called the butanosolv process. Cocoa pods -- a source of chocolate, and potentially, flame retardants 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z The process of toasting breaks a woody polymer named lignin into volatile compounds. Wildfire smoke ruins taste of some wines 2021-09-10T04:00:00Z The center speaker features a 6.5-inch woofer, made entirely of cane lignin — a natural polymer that's both ultra-resistant to wear and tear, plus is lightweight to boot, helping optimize driver performance. From Salon Marketplace: Amplify your gaming experience with this elite sound system 2019-09-23T04:00:00Z Cellulose, the most abundant organic polymer on earth, is a major component of plant cell walls; lignin fills the spaces in those walls, providing strength and rigidity. Bioplastics Could Solve a Major Pollution Problem 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z Wood consists of three main components: cellulose and hemicellulose, which form long strawlike structures, and lignin, which acts as a glue holding the straw strands together. This engineered wood radiates heat into space, potentially slashing cooling costs 2019-05-23T04:00:00Z They next confirmed the isolated lignin's quality and high purity, finding no evidence of carbohydrates or other contaminants. Cocoa pods -- a source of chocolate, and potentially, flame retardants 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z Wildfires burn lignin in trees and produce volatile phenols that can be toxic to plants. Wildfire smoke ruins taste of some wines 2021-09-10T04:00:00Z The common thread between wood and dung decaying fungi may be the shared interest in attacking tough plant fibers like lignin and in repelling the insects that compete with them. Magic Mushroom Drug Evolved to Mess with Insect Brains 2018-10-20T04:00:00Z A Finnish biotechnology company, MetGen Oy, produces a number of genetically engineered enzymes that cleave lignins of different origins into components needed for a wide range of applications. Bioplastics Could Solve a Major Pollution Problem 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z Stripped of lignin, it turns white, reflecting virtually all incoming light. This engineered wood radiates heat into space, potentially slashing cooling costs 2019-05-23T04:00:00Z Then, over the course of three chemical steps, the team modified the pure lignin biopolymer to have flame-retardant properties. Cocoa pods -- a source of chocolate, and potentially, flame retardants 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z One key to wood’s strength is a component called lignin, a natural polymer with a weblike structure that binds tiny crystallites of another component called cellulose together. This synthetic wood is as strong as the real thing—and won’t catch fire 2018-08-10T04:00:00Z “We have this massive set of mutually diverse lignin out there that we don’t fully understand, but there’s gold in them hills,” Beckham predicted. How a Government Program to Get Ethanol from Plants Failed 2018-07-16T04:00:00Z It is made of cellulose fibres embedded in a matrix of lignin, an organic polymer that serves a number of purposes, including providing woody plants with their rigidity. Making buildings, cars and planes from materials based on plant fibres 2018-06-14T04:00:00Z It doesn’t harm the lignin in natural wood. You’re probably using the wrong bleach for brick, patios and siding 2018-04-30T04:00:00Z In experiments, when the modified lignin was heated, it charred -- but did not burn up -- a sign that it could act as a flame retardant. Cocoa pods -- a source of chocolate, and potentially, flame retardants 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z Voit researches what controls the production of a plant wall–toughening compound called lignin. Growing Virtual Plants Could Help Farmers Boost Their Crops 2017-08-18T04:00:00Z The biggest chemical challenge is the varied structure of lignin among different plants, even in the same species. How a Government Program to Get Ethanol from Plants Failed 2018-07-16T04:00:00Z It consists of wood fibres, including lignin, obtained from pulping and other operations. Making buildings, cars and planes from materials based on plant fibres 2018-06-14T04:00:00Z If you don’t seal treated lumber with some coating, the UV light will destroy the natural color pigments and the lignin that bonds the wood fibers together. Analysis | How to protect your wood deck from the sun’s harsh rays 2017-05-09T04:00:00Z If a book smells chocolatey, it’s likely that it is releasing vanillin, benzaldehyde and furfural – three chemicals associated with the degradation of the cellulose and lignin in paper. Can you judge a book by its odour? 2017-04-07T04:00:00Z Kraft lignin differs from sulphonated lignin, an older-type industrial lignin which is derived from a less used pulping method, and used mainly in concrete. Nordic pulp makers seek new lease of life from by-products 2017-03-10T05:00:00Z The team is also researching organisms that can break lignin down. How a Government Program to Get Ethanol from Plants Failed 2018-07-16T04:00:00Z Nor are they alone in looking for structural applications for lignin. Making buildings, cars and planes from materials based on plant fibres 2018-06-14T04:00:00Z But what really encouraged trees’ evolution was the advent of a second molecule, lignin. The rock that rocked the world 2016-01-18T05:00:00Z In his review of Dzing!, perfume critic Luca Turin explains that lignin is a polymer that stops trees from drooping, and is chemically related to the molecule vanillin. Old spines – why we love the smell of secondhand books 2015-11-25T05:00:00Z A potential clue: one form of lignin slows the hardening of cement. A Fungus Is the Founder of the Hair Club for Trees 2015-10-19T04:00:00Z Cellulosic ethanol is made from lignin, part of the tough cellular structure that gives plants and trees their rigidity. How a Government Program to Get Ethanol from Plants Failed 2018-07-16T04:00:00Z Their approach is to treat blocks of wood with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphate in a chemical process similar to that used to remove lignin from papermaking pulp. Making buildings, cars and planes from materials based on plant fibres 2018-06-14T04:00:00Z Though some of their cellulose was consumed, their lignin hung around and became coal. The rock that rocked the world 2016-01-18T05:00:00Z A biomass factory about an hour’s drive north of Denver is processing hemp into pulp, sugars and lignin. Hemp industry enters 2nd year with hazy market potential 2015-05-30T04:00:00Z A biomass factory about an hour's drive north of Denver is processing hemp into pulp, sugars and lignin. Hemp industry enters 2nd year with hazy market potential 2015-05-30T04:00:00Z One of them uses genetic manipulation of bacteria to produce variant strains whose enzymes can break down lignin cells more quickly. How a Government Program to Get Ethanol from Plants Failed 2018-07-16T04:00:00Z Eliminating lignin from secondary cell walls isn't an option, since the rigid polymer plays an essential role in the plant's waterproofing, stability and protection. How to Manipulate Plants to Build a Better Biofuel 2015-01-09T05:00:00Z The homogenous inner portion of the shell, primarily consisting of highly cross-linked polymer lignin, lent itself to the fabrication of inter-dilated graphene layers perfect for intercalating large sodium ions as an efficient anode. New Energy Device Is Made From Peanuts 2014-12-16T05:00:00Z The researchers plan to investigate this synergistic effect as well as screen different lignin products to obtain the best possible sunscreen performance. Plant Fibers Boost Sunscreen Performance 2014-10-07T04:00:00Z The researchers made their ionic liquids using furfural, vanillin and p-anisaldehyde, which are aromatic aldehydes derived from lignin and cellulose. Recycled Biofuel Byproducts Could Make Biofuels Even Greener 2014-08-27T04:00:00Z If you then add a slurry of cellulose to this mix, in the form of ground up wood, for example, it falls apart into lignin and sugars. Renmatix: Biochemicals Are The Wave Of The Future 2014-04-15T12:02:00Z To make paper, you either grind woodchips mechanically to separate the fibres, or cook them with chemicals to remove the lignin, which binds the fibres together. The paper industry and climate change: Roll on the green revolution 2013-11-28T15:58:37Z Most of the nutrients found in bamboo are locked away in tough substances known as cellulose and lignin. Bioengineering: Panda poop power 2013-09-12T16:45:54Z The effectiveness of the lignin as a sunscreen additive is two-fold, explains Zhu. Plant Fibers Boost Sunscreen Performance 2014-10-07T04:00:00Z One of the biggest challenges in breaking down biomass into useful chemicals suitable for making biofuels is finding ways to selectively depolymerise lignocellulosic biomass into its monomers: glucose, xylose and lignin. Recycled Biofuel Byproducts Could Make Biofuels Even Greener 2014-08-27T04:00:00Z Engineering CSE to alter lignin formation could affect the flow of water within a plant and determine how well it grows. New Enzyme May Lead to Cheaper Biofuels 2013-08-16T15:15:00.557Z Instead, it would use things called deep eutectic solvents to dissolve wood and separate out the lignin. The paper industry and climate change: Roll on the green revolution 2013-11-28T15:58:37Z This produced 17 microbes with the ability to digest cellulose and six that looked like good candidates for digesting lignin. Bioengineering: Panda poop power 2013-09-12T16:45:54Z It’ll help the lignin break down faster, so it yellows and deteriorates even faster. How to Destroy Priceless Works of Art 2013-07-23T15:45:00.917Z To bring down costs, Oak Ridge is looking to scale up production of two cheaper carbon fiber precursors: polyolefins and lignins. U.S. Looks to Regain Lead in Making Carbon Fiber 2013-06-21T17:45:00.310Z By blocking the production of polymers, the researchers found that molecular structure of its lignin was altered and became less complex, making for a more easily digestible feedstock to turn into fuels. New Enzyme May Lead to Cheaper Biofuels 2013-08-16T15:15:00.557Z They would also generate useful by-products, such as pure lignin, a raw material for bulk chemicals, and a form of cellulose used in high-value chemicals. The paper industry and climate change: Roll on the green revolution 2013-11-28T15:58:37Z Given their diet, Dr Brown knew that giant pandas had to have legions of microbes in their gut that were strong enough to break cellulose and lignin down. Bioengineering: Panda poop power 2013-09-12T16:45:54Z The way lignin acidifies and destroys paper was only really identified in the 1930s, so there are plenty of old watercolours you can get rid of. How to Destroy Priceless Works of Art 2013-07-23T15:45:00.917Z In agricultural fields, there is much less lignin, but Robertson thinks phenolics play a similar role. What Helps Organic Soils Store More Carbon? 2013-06-11T16:15:00.173Z They analyzed the samples for colored dissolved organic matter, which contains light-absorbing molecules from the breakdown of plant polymers such as lignin. Slumping Arctic Soils Produce Significant Amounts of CO2 2013-02-11T23:00:00Z Called lignin, the compound enables redwoods to tower and woody herbs to resist rot. White Rot Fungi Slowed Coal Formation 2012-06-28T18:45:00.200Z Plants are made up of as much as 30 percent lignin, is the second-most abundant renewable carbon source on the planet after cellulose, according to the International Lignin Institute in Switzerland. Power Plants: Could a Rechargeable Battery Be Made from Paper and Pulp By-Products? 2012-03-22T18:15:00.200Z Wood pulp contains acids generated by the enzyme lignin that will over time, cause paper to yellow, become somewhat fuzzy on the surface and easily torn. How to Destroy Priceless Works of Art 2013-07-23T15:45:00.917Z Cellulosic biomass contains a mixture of chainlike sugars called cellulose and hemicellulose that are embedded in a woody material called lignin. Fuel From Waste? 2011-12-05T22:03:34Z A solid component of woody biomass called lignin remains and is burned to provide energy for the process. A Way to Make Motor Fuel Out of Wood? Add Water 2011-09-27T04:02:33Z Now a new genomic analysis suggests why Earth significantly slowed its coal-making processes roughly 300 million years ago—mushrooms evolved the ability to break down lignin. White Rot Fungi Slowed Coal Formation 2012-06-28T18:45:00.200Z Each year, paper processing generates between 35 million and 45 million metric tons of a dark waste product known as brown liquor, which is rich in lignin derivatives. Power Plants: Could a Rechargeable Battery Be Made from Paper and Pulp By-Products? 2012-03-22T18:15:00.200Z Surrounding all this is lignin, which protects the cellulose and hemicellulose. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z "Secondly, wood contains a compound called lignin which leads to greying - but as rice husks are mainly cellulose, they do not have this compound and so the material maintains its original appearance." Rice house 2011-05-06T10:19:08Z It is comprised of cellulose, lignin and many other compounds. Lorraine Gibson: How the smell of decay can help save relics 2011-03-27T00:05:18Z How exactly white rot breaks down lignin remains unknown. White Rot Fungi Slowed Coal Formation 2012-06-28T18:45:00.200Z The authors identified mutations in that resulted in plants with increased lignin content. Editors' Choice 2011-01-06T19:25:03.183Z The strong bonds that hold lignin's polymers together make it very difficult to break down. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z But these other crops pose their own problem: their energy potential is locked away inside the plant’s lignin—the woody, protective material that provides each plant’s structural support. New Technique Improves Efficiency of Biofuel Production 2010-12-30T15:16:00Z At Weyerhaeuser, Mr. Tao has led an initiative to find new markets for lignin, a chemical compound that binds cellulose fibers together in trees. Unboxed: Company Innovators Ask: What Works? 2010-08-15T00:10:00Z Trees are made of cellulose fibers, organic compounds and a natural glue-like substance called lignin that holds everything together. 2010-03-29T04:00:00Z As the names indicate, the non-cellulose component in the first group is lignin; in the second, pectic substances; and in the third, fats or waxes. The Chemistry of Plant Life Added to that, the composition of lignin varies from plant to plant, and the true structure of this sturdy material remains unknown. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z “This is more efficient because it degrades the lignin very effectively and there is little or no loss of the plant’s carbohydrates,” Sharma-Shivappa says. New Technique Improves Efficiency of Biofuel Production 2010-12-30T15:16:00Z Yet lignin can also be converted to a solid and serve as a chemical feedstock for making a range of products. Unboxed: Company Innovators Ask: What Works? 2010-08-15T00:10:00Z Like tropical rains from a jungle roof, lignin dripped from the vaults, and in falling, burst into flames. The Brain In the preparation of wood pulp for the manufacture of paper, the lignin materials are dissolved off by means of various chemical reagents, leaving the cellulose fibers in nearly pure form for use as paper. The Chemistry of Plant Life This is a complex process: once it has been mechanically ground up, the woody biomass requires pretreatment using heat, acid or ammonia to rip apart the lignin and expose the cellulose and hemi-cellulose inside. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z In many plants—such as trees—in a certain stage of development, the substance lining the cells is very hard, and is termed lignin, or sclerogen. The Stock-Feeder's Manual the chemistry of food in relation to the breeding and feeding of live stock As a chemical feedstock, lignin is worth 10 to 20 times its value as a pulp-plant fuel, Mr. Tao said. Unboxed: Company Innovators Ask: What Works? 2010-08-15T00:10:00Z The finger came back covered with the thick, the syrupy lignin, this amber-colored sluggish stream of woodpulp liquefied, this soft bed of The Brain's vibrant nerves. The Brain The lignin material generally consists of two types of substances, one of which contains a closed-ring nucleus of unknown composition and the other is probably a pentosan. The Chemistry of Plant Life They can penetrate lignin and liquify biomass, although exactly how is not yet fully understood. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z In the second year the lignin alone increased to the end; the cellulose decreased at the end of June. Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900 Mr. Tao has met with chemical companies, carbon fiber makers and the Department of Energy to try to nurture new lignin markets. Unboxed: Company Innovators Ask: What Works? 2010-08-15T00:10:00Z With the third blow the plastics cell cracked and the lignin poured out, a syrupy curtain sliding down. The Brain But in wood fiber the cellulose is in part combined with lignin, which is worse than useless. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries The less oxygen lignin has, the better it will work as a fuel. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z In order to ascertain the effect of dilute ammonia on the cellulose substances of lignin, a dried 5 p.ct. caustic soda extract was extracted successively with 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.ct. sodium hydroxide solution. Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900 Weyerhaeuser has a pilot plant in North Carolina to produce specialized lignin chemicals. Unboxed: Company Innovators Ask: What Works? 2010-08-15T00:10:00Z Down at his feet the spilled lignin formed a widening pool; it threatened to envelope his feet. The Brain Among the substances that have been nitrated are:—Cellulose, under various forms, e.g., cotton, lignin, &c.; glycerine, benzene, starch, jute, sugar, phenol, wood, straw, and even such substances as treacle and horse-dung. Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise The system also needs to be tested on naturally occurring lignin. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z Both occur in lignin, and are then undoubtedly indigestible. Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900 Lime is one of the greatest known solvents of vegetable matter; it dissolves albumen, gluten, gum and lignin, or woody fibre, forming soapy compounds with wax, resin, and, chlorophyle. The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c. Starch, gum, albumen, resin, lignin, extractive, and organic acids exist in tobacco, as they do, in varying proportions, in other plants. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 06, No. 34, August, 1860 Even cellulose and lignin, insoluble structural materials that plants cannot convert back into soluble materials, are made from molecules that once were in solution. Gardening Without Irrigation: or without much, anyway For chemical plants such as this one, there is more to consider when using new technologies than the nitty gritty of chewing up lignin or cellulose. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z In the first year it seemed an absolutely as well as relatively greater amount of cellulose, and lignin was produced in the second year; this, however, requires confirmation. Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900 |
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