| 单词 | infective |
| 例句 | Hrv is a highly lethal but not very infective Biosafety Level 2 agent. The Hot Zone 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z A quack doctor pitched patent medicines from the back of a wagon: “A rare cordial to fortify the innards against infective parasites, unwholesome damps, and malignant effluvia!” Hollow City 2014-01-14T00:00:00Z A place that is neither provably sterile nor known to be infective. The Hot Zone 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z It is highly infective, lethally hot, a liquid that would scare the daylights out of a military biohazard specialist. The Hot Zone 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z It would transpire that, by happy chance, the virus was maximally infective only when patients were at their most unwell and usually already in hospital. Coronavirus: how the lessons of Sars could save us today 2013-03-24T00:05:35Z But disposing of feces within 48 hours is enough to get any eggs they contain away from the area before they hatch and become infective. How Greyhound Racing Drove the Evolution of a Superparasite 2023-06-18T04:00:00Z T. brucei transforms into an infective stage and enters the salivary gland, where it multiplies. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z “But there still seems to be a substantial benefit to updating your vaccine now, compared to being previously vaccinated or infective.” COVID-19, RSV and flu — season of respiratory infections 2022-11-02T04:00:00Z Lately, Russian state television channels have been directing renewed streams of infective and smears at the foundation. Opinion | Do not forget these courageous fighters in Russia 2021-10-21T04:00:00Z These three could not have triggered the pandemic if they somehow escaped from the lab or infected a researcher, but they show that “gain of function” experiments — making organisms more infective — were ongoing in Wuhan. Opinion | To prevent the next pandemic, we must find the source of covid-19. China’s stonewalling is unacceptable. 2021-10-11T04:00:00Z The goal was to see which were more infective. Opinion | China is stepping up its deception and denial in investigations of covid-19 2021-07-23T04:00:00Z A second group of oomycetes in the genus Haptoglossa manufactures infective “harpoon cells.” How a Carnivorous Mushroom Poisons Its Prey 2021-04-08T04:00:00Z “As the virus mutates, it is important to watch to see if it changes in a way that allows it to be more infective for nonhumans,” Dr. Hungerford said. COVID-19 variants infecting pets, mice 2021-03-25T04:00:00Z “Even if B.1.1.7 is more infective overall, we may never see a big surge from it here in L.A.” New California Variant May Be Driving Virus Surge There, Study Suggests 2021-01-19T05:00:00Z On Friday, hospital bosses warned the next few weeks would be "nail-bitingly difficult" as cases of the new variant - which is up to 70% more infective - topped 50,000 for the fourth consecutive day. Hospitals across UK 'must prepare for Covid surge', senior doctor warns 2021-01-02T05:00:00Z We are not the only ones to experience viral infection and pandemics; infective viruses exist for every living organism, from the smallest of bacteria to the largest of marine mammals in the ocean. The Ocean Carries ‘Memories’ of SARS-CoV-2 2020-08-15T04:00:00Z And if their infective period ends before they get their results, isolating them won’t help. Radical shift in testing strategy needed to reopen schools and businesses, researchers say 2020-08-03T04:00:00Z “Certainly a politician meets and hugs many people,” said Giovanni Rezza, director of the infective illness department at the National Health Institute. Italy Locks Down Much of the Country’s North Over the Coronavirus 2020-03-07T05:00:00Z “Her husband had been undergoing treatment for infective endocarditis at home with parenteral nafcillin,” according to the case report. Woman suffers near fatal reaction after sex with husband 2019-11-07T05:00:00Z The ones that can copy themselves are infective. Is Ebola Evolving Into a More Deadly Virus? 2019-08-07T04:00:00Z “If they die in the environment, their carcasses degenerates, decay and release the infective agent in the soil. It’s very difficult to get rid of once you’ve got it.” ‘Zombie deer’ disease keeps spreading across country, hunters fear it could impact industry 2019-03-12T04:00:00Z But by 1953, the great Joshua Lederberg, then at the University of Wisconsin, had shown that this sort of transformation, relabeled “infective heredity,” is a routine and important process in bacteria. The Scientist Who Scrambled Darwin’s Tree of Life 2018-08-13T04:00:00Z In combination, said Lindsay, the ingredients on the nets kill more mosquitoes and reduce the number of infective bites compared with conventional nets treated only with a pyrethroid. Scientists hail malaria breakthrough as bed nets prove deadly to mosquitoes 2018-08-11T04:00:00Z But recently, at least one team of scientists found circumstantial, controversial -- and stomach-churning -- evidence that amyloids from patients with these diseases may be infective. Prions Are Forever 2018-04-14T04:00:00Z The Kivu swarm, with its three new lineages of Ebola, may amount to about one or two quadrillion infective particles of the virus. Is Ebola Evolving Into a More Deadly Virus? 2019-08-07T04:00:00Z Differences in mosquito infective rates were analysed using Fisher’s exact test. Evolutionary enhancement of Zika virus infectivity in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes : Nature : Nature Research 2017-05-16T04:00:00Z Owing to the importance of rapidly evolving multigene families and genome structure, high quality genomes for all human infective species of Plasmodium are desperately needed. Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale genomes provide insights into malaria parasite evolution : Nature : Nature Research 2017-01-24T05:00:00Z In 2013, 12 percent of hospitalizations for infective endocarditis were related to injection drug use, compared to 7 percent in 2000, the study team found. Opioid Abuse Fueling Drug-Related Heart Infections: Study 2016-09-01T04:00:00Z If the saliva contains infective virus, the species is considered a “competent” vector. Scientific sleuths hunt for Zika-carrying mosquitoes 2016-06-01T04:00:00Z Dysentery, an infective disease of the large bowel, reduced men to living skeletons. VJ Day: Surviving the horrors of Japan's WW2 camps - BBC News 2015-08-14T04:00:00Z “CDC high risk can mean a variety of things. It can mean that the donor has an infection, like Hepatitis C. In this particular case, there was no infective element,” Horton said. Man gets new liver through anonymous organ donation 2015-06-22T04:00:00Z If Rt is greater than 1, the epidemic is growing: each infected person is converting more than one susceptible person into another infective person. Infectious disease: Mobilizing Ebola survivors to curb the epidemic 2014-12-16T05:00:00Z For the study, the researchers reviewed U.S. hospital admissions for infective endocarditis, a sometimes deadly infection of the heart valves. Opioid Abuse Fueling Drug-Related Heart Infections: Study 2016-09-01T04:00:00Z Ebola, like all viruses, is constantly mutating and could theoretically become even more virulent or, conversely, evolve so as to become less virulent and more widely infective. Ebola: the race to find a vaccine 2014-10-26T04:00:00Z The only two people to become infected were hospital nurses who took care of Mr. Duncan when he was most infective. As an Outbreak Spreads, So Have Several Fallacies 2014-10-23T04:00:00Z There are partnerships which are starting to be put in place to have capacity in the three countries to safely extract plasma and make preparation that can be used for the treatment of infective patients. Ebola serum for Africa 'in weeks' 2014-10-21T04:00:00Z An Ebola patient is at his most infective in the hours and days after death, when the virus swarms the skin and bodily fluids. Why Protective Gear is Sometimes Not Enough in the Fight Against Ebola 2014-10-15T04:00:00Z "In addition, higher temperatures support faster development of the malaria parasite within the mosquito, increasing the probability that vectors will become infective before they die." Premature Deaths Multiply as Climate Changes 2014-09-23T04:00:00Z The medical examiner’s office in Leesburg listed the cause of death as pulmonary embolus and infective endocarditis. Hernando County Jail inmate dies of embolism 2014-08-22T04:00:00Z The most common adverse side effects were infective pulmonary exacerbation, cough, headache and increased sputum. Vertex cystic fibrosis combo succeeds in key late-stage trials 2014-06-24T04:00:00Z It is triggered by what doctors call an "infective hit", often a viral infection such as gastroenteritis, causing the immune system to attack the lining of the intestines. Child coeliac numbers on the rise 2013-09-17T11:28:31Z But scientists hypothesize that a combination of habitat change, pesticide exposure and the emergence of infective chytrid fungus led to their demise. Once-Extinct Toads Reintroduced to Wild 2012-12-13T16:45:00.330Z The "critical next step," she adds, is to show that those pathogens are actually infective strains that could get humans sick. Dogs keep beaches free from seagulls — and microbes 2012-09-01T21:11:04Z The “critical next step,” she adds, is to show that those pathogens are actually infective strains that could get humans sick. Microbe-Free Beaches, Thanks to Dogs 2012-08-31T19:06:30Z Inflaming pregnant mice artificially — without a living infective agent — prompts behavioral problems in the young. Opinion: Immune Disorders and Autism 2012-08-25T23:23:03Z Deafness, for example, may be strictly inborn as the outcome of a germinal variation or it may result from extraneous influences such as accidents, infective diseases, neglected tonsils and the like. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z It must be confessed, however, that when once a crust has proved itself active it may be trusted to retain its infective property for a very long time. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Infection is a general term that includes contagion; and contagious diseases are infective diseases that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from patient to patient. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z Tuberculō′sis, a specific infective disease induced by the invasion of the Bacillus tuberculosis, and characterised by the presence of tubercle or other tubercular formations—consumption or phthisis; Tuber′culum, a tubercle. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 4 of 4: S-Z and supplements) 2012-01-30T03:00:19.113Z Koch isolated, cultivated outside the body, described and differentiated the infective organism of tuberculosis and proved that it could continue to produce the same lesions indefinitely. Nurses' Papers on Tuberculosis : read before the Nurses' Study Circle of the Dispensary Department, Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium 2011-11-25T03:00:11.053Z It has been shown that in 85 per cent of cases of aortic insufficiency in persons, usually males, over forty-five years, who did not have chronic infective endocarditis, the Wassermann reaction was positive. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z This is, as has already been pointed out, unquestionably due to the fact that these articles are generally soiled by their discharges, and that time has been allowed for the latter to acquire infective properties. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z There are other infective diseases, in which we have not yet found the causative micro-organism, but we presume its existence. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z Many infective organisms floating in the air are drawn into the mouth in the act of respiration and this is a common method of falling a victim to contagion. Tobacco Leaves Being a Book of Facts for Smokers 2011-09-12T02:00:31.107Z People rarely get flu from pigs - only 21 cases have been documented in the last five years - and it's too soon to know how infective this virus will be, she said. CDC: 2 children sickened by novel swine flu strain 2011-09-02T22:16:04Z This Focus discusses the merits of modern imaging techniques for the management of patients with suspected or proven infection and also addresses the challenges of detecting infective endocarditis early. [Focus] Imaging the Infected Heart 2011-09-07T19:25:04.827Z In 1856, Buhl50 first published his view, although he had for several years been impressed with the idea, that miliary tuberculosis was an infective disease resulting from the absorption of a specific virus. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z To these discoveries were shortly added Pasteur’s conception of the nature and causation of infective diseases; a knowledge which brought with it a great accession of power over hitherto mysterious and uncontrollable conditions. Household Administration Its Place in the Higher Education of Women 2011-07-20T02:00:13.547Z It is now recognized by medical writers that the mouth is one of the principal, if not the principal channel of infection for many infective diseases. Tobacco Leaves Being a Book of Facts for Smokers 2011-09-12T02:00:31.107Z We do not think of it any more, however, as a general febrifuge and there is no justification for its use in the slight infective conditions we know as colds. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z To prove that soft compassion for her grief, endeavour to remove it.—There, there, behold an object that's infective; I cannot view her, but I am as mad as she! The Inconstant 2011-04-27T02:00:21.193Z Most of those diseases in which fever occurs as one of the joint effects of the cause of the disease, are included among the infective or zymotic classes. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z It is transmitted by the saliva and the discharges from the vesicles, though all the secretions and excretions are doubtless infective, as well as all articles and places soiled by them. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z An infected animal only becomes infective to others immediately before the act of abortion, and may remain so for some weeks afterwards. Contagious Abortion of Cows 2011-02-14T03:00:33.157Z I set her mind at rest as to the seriousness of the growth provided the bleeding was not injurious and no infective conditions occurred through the intestinal walls to complicate the condition and cause adhesions. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z Because antiretroviral medications lower the amount of virus in the blood, those taking them are estimated to be 90 percent less infective. An H.I.V. Strategy Invites Addicts In 2011-02-08T01:48:50Z As to the fourth statement—that humanized virus is more tenacious of its infective property—strictly speaking, there is not a particle of truth in it. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z An important question in plague epidemiology is the mode of conveyance of the infective organism from the plague rat to man. Rats and Plague, from a 1911 issue of Scientific American 2011-01-21T13:45:00.430Z She has systematically sequenced the genes of many of those infective agents: S.I.V., simian foamy virus, hepatitis and now malaria parasites. A Finding on Malaria Comes From Humble Origins 2010-09-27T20:48:00Z Every case of yellow fever was immediately reported, and the patient was rigidly isolated during the three days in which his blood was infective. The History of Cuba, vol. 4 It does not occur in some infective diseases, the most important of which are typhoid fever, malaria, influenza, measles and uncomplicated tuberculosis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" This period, much longer than in other infective diseases, is in proportion to the physiological resistance of the human organism compared with the feeble developing power of the bacilli. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Origin.—These substances are believed to be of an infective bacterial origin and may be present in foods which are otherwise seemingly fresh and good. Dietetics for Nurses Apart from those organisms associated with acute infective diseases, disturbances of function and physical lesions may be the result of abnormal bacterial activity in the canal; and these disturbances may be both local and general. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" It is a good plan to wear rubber gloves when handling infective material; the gloves should afterward be boiled for ten minutes. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick A diminution in their number is known as leucopenia, and is found in starvation, in some infective diseases, as for example in typhoid fever, in malaria and Malta fever, and in pernicious anaemia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Thrombosis with softening and decomposition of the thrombus and embolism, causing local abscesses in the viscera wherever the septic emboli lodge, but without the development of any general infective process. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Cohn had also clear perceptions of the important bearings of Mycology and Bacteriology in infective diseases, as shown by his studies in insect-killing fungi, microscopic analysis of water, &c. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 6 "Cockaigne" to "Columbus, Christopher" This part of their habitat should thus be contaminated with infective stages of both parasites. Natural History of the Salamander, Aneides hardii Those that recover from an attack, however, are liable one or two weeks later to suffer from an infective inflammation of the lungs. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle There should have been a collection of infective material and a reasonably complete identification and study of the infective agent. Pariah Planet Among those agents which act from without are to be included the specific causes of infective diseases. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Before operating, any infective condition, such as a suppurating corn or bursa, must be corrected. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. This suggests that during their subterranean life salamanders are inactive, and avoid ingestion of infective stages of the parasites. Natural History of the Salamander, Aneides hardii It has frequently coincided with abortions and failures to conceive in the same herd, so that it has been thought that the same infective germ produces one type of abortion. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle The virus of the yellow fever is in the blood-plasma, not in the corpuscles, for these may be removed and the plasma still be infective. Insects and Diseases A Popular Account of the Way in Which Insects may Spread or Cause some of our Common Diseases His recent discovery of the bacillus of tuberculosis definitely removes the tubercular process from the group of dyscrasic or constitutional affections to that of the infective diseases. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z These have free communications, through the emissary veins, with the intra-cranial sinuses, and by these routes infective conditions of the scalp may readily be transmitted to the interior of the skull. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Infection and Disinfection Disinfection is the destruction of the infective power of infectious material; or, in other words, disinfection is the destruction of the agents of infection. The Home Medical Library, Volume V (of VI) Such places furnish a favorable seat of propagation for the infective material, and it will remain active for a long time, causing the loss of a few animals each year. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle Abscess formation from infection with ordinary pyogenic bacteria occurs naturally in the rabbit, and frequently the animal house of a laboratory is decimated by an infective septicæmia due to B. cuniculicida. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. The granular degenerations of the heart, liver, and kidneys, as a whole, usually occur simultaneously, and afford a most important means for the post-mortem recognition of the infective diseases. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z With the object of preventing the dissemination of infective material, a ligature should be applied to the internal jugular vein in the neck before the sinus is opened, as was first recommended by Victor Horsley. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The behaviour of certain cells, especially leucocytes, in infective conditions led Metchnikoff to place great importance on phagocytosis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" And it is by heat—heat of the temperature of boiling water—applied for ten minutes or more, that poison-producing and infective bacteria are killed and rendered harmless. More Science From an Easy Chair Besides its deleterious influence on the nervous system and other important parts of our body, alcohol has a harmful action on the phagocytes, the agents of natural defense against infective microbes.”—Prof. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say The border-line between such parasitic diseases and those included among the infective diseases is somewhat arbitrarily drawn. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z It does not contain the antitoxins and opsonins which are normally found in the plasma and lymph, hence the liability to infective meningitis after injuries and operations on the central nervous system. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. That portion of soil becomes infective, and more grubs going through the infective portions carry the disease to intervening areas until the whole piece of turf is unhealthful to these grubs. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 41st Annual Meeting Pleasant Valley, New York, August 28, 29 and 30, 1950 Of the bacteria and similar microscopic germs of disease—to which all our infective fevers are due—we have only become aware quite recently, within the half-century. More Science From an Easy Chair Alcohol seems to paralyze them more or less so that they are unable to do their full duty in destroying the infective microbes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say The possibility of the direct admission into the lymph-current of the infective element in tuberculosis is thus apparent, and its indirect entrance into the blood-current is equally obvious. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Punctured fractures are frequently fatal from infective complications—meningitis, sinus thrombosis, and cerebral abscess. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. These may result from injuries sustained by the womb during or after parturition, from exposure to cold or wet, or from the irritant infective action of putrid products within the womb. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse So, too, although we know how the infection of rabies acts, and how it is carried, yet no one has yet isolated and recognised the terrible infective particle itself. More Science From an Easy Chair But the old infective smile was still presented with an almost religious ceremonial, and my friend produced from his box a real silver fox skin. A Labrador Doctor The Autobiography of Wilfred Thomason Grenfell As their structure corresponds with the productive results of inflammation, and their cause is analogous to the infective causes of inflammation, these morbid growths are closely allied to inflammatory disturbances. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The infective complications of such injuries are described later. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It is often due to embolism of infective material, gangrenous matter, etc. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse Often the children crawling on the floor would introduce the infective material directly, by putting their little fingers in their mouths. Woman Her Sex and Love Life Laryngeal symptoms may be due to acute or chronic laryngitis, diphtheria, pertussis, infective laryngotracheitis, and many other diseases. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The infective group includes those tumors whose structure is closely allied to that of the products of inflammation, but whose origin is the direct result of the introduction from without of a microphyte. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Bronchiectasis and other infective diseases of the lungs are less common causes of cerebral abscess, which is usually single, and may occur in any part of the brain. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. From the fact of this arrangement lymph glands are subject to inflammatory diseases in the vicinity of diseased structures, because infective material being conveyed in the lymph stream lodges in the glands and produces irritation. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse It has been found also that the infective complications are greatly influenced by the terrain in which the fighting takes place. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The only noticeable difference between the epidemic and the sporadic cases is in the more general susceptibility to the infective agent, which gives the influenzal form an appearance of being more virulently infective. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Another important modification in the classification of tumors has resulted from the recent discoveries regarding the nature and effects of infective agencies. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Less common sources of infection are erysipelas of the face or scalp, infective conditions of the mouth or nose, and diseases of the bones of the skull. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Recovery, however, does not require so much time ordinarily, yet punctures of the sheath occasioned by nails or other small implements make for long drawn out cases of infective synovitis. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 Fragments of stone, coal, or metal may lodge in the tissues, and favour the occurrence of infective complications. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Associated infective disease of the bronchial mucosa brings with it the questions of immunity, allergy, anaphylaxis, and vaccine therapy; and the often present defective metabolism has to be considered. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Septic infection.—A general infective process arising from the introduction of some peculiar constituent of putrid matter into the blood-stream. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Often the injury is at first considered trivial, and it is only when infective complications, in the form of meningitis or cerebral abscess, develop, that its true nature is suspected. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. If there is evidence that the articulation contains infective material, it is washed out with copious quantities of peroxide of hydrogen—usually as much as six or eight ounces. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 It is only by carefully studying to avoid all contact with infective matter that the hands can be kept surgically pure, and that this source of wound infection can be reduced to a minimum. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Because of this delicacy of the walls and because the esophagus, being a constant passageway for bacteria from the mouth to the stomach, is never sterile, surgical procedures are associated with infective risks. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Py�mia, on the other hand, he considers a truly infective process, probably due to the entrance of specific organisms into the body. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Prognosis in Basal Fractures.—The prognosis depends upon the severity of the cerebral lesions, and on the occurrence of traumatic œdema or infective intra-cranial complications. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. After a few days have elapsed in cases where considerable infection has taken place, there is manifestation of pain as in all cases of infective arthritis. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 Any laxity in our methods which admits of fresh organisms reaching an infected wound adds materially to the severity of the infective process and consequently to the patient's risk. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Neglect to continue treatment till no longer infective. Venereal Diseases in New Zealand (1922) Report of the Special Committee of the Board of Health appointed by the Hon. Minister of Health By far the larger number of all transmissions of variola occur after inhalation of the infective medium—in other words, by the avenue of the lungs. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The prognosis is more favourable than in lesions affecting the cord itself, and the only risk to life is the occurrence of infective complications. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The climatic conditions in some localities favor these occurrences but they may also be ascribed to improper food constituents and to possible infective agencies. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 Septic lymphangitis is commonly met with in those who, from the nature of their occupation, handle infective material. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The most disappointing feature in the records of the clinics is the cessation of treatment by so many patients before they have ceased to be infective. Venereal Diseases in New Zealand (1922) Report of the Special Committee of the Board of Health appointed by the Hon. Minister of Health Dried lymph is the most efficient of all forms of vaccine, and, kept as it ought to be, it retains its infective power long enough to answer all ordinary requirements. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z A more severe staphylococcal infection may give rise to a carbuncular swelling with great œdema, and lead to infective phlebitis of the facial vein and general septicæmia. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The same general plan of treatment is indicated in this kind of septic synovitis as is employed in all cases of infective synovitis and septic infection in open joints. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 A splinter driven underneath the nail causes great pain, and if organisms are carried in along with it, may give rise to infective complications. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Gonorrhœa may be conveyed innocently from infective discharge on a closet-seat, or from an infected towel, &c., and undoubtedly gonorrhœal discharge if brought into contact with the eye sets up a violent suppuration. Venereal Diseases in New Zealand (1922) Report of the Special Committee of the Board of Health appointed by the Hon. Minister of Health It scarcely need be said, however, that the greater the proportion in which they are present, the greater is the probability that the lymph will prove infective on inoculation. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The temperature is raised, and other signs of an acute infective process are present. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The noninfectious inflammation of bursae and thecae usually result from contusions or strains and generally run their course without becoming infective in character, where vitality and resistance of the subject are normal. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 It is probable that the decomposition of the contents is the result of the presence of bacteria, and that from the surgical point of view they should be regarded as infective. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Every wound and sore, when antiseptic precautions are not used, becomes a most active and dangerous focus, and every patient suffering from an infective disease is probably a focus for the production of infective particles. Scientific American Supplement, No. 595, May 28, 1887 The discharges swarm with infective bacteria of various kinds, some of which, especially Koch's comma bacilli, seem to be specific. Scientific American Supplement, No. 458, October 11, 1884 Punctured wounds may perforate the orbit, the cranial cavity, or the maxillary sinus, and be followed by infective complications, particularly if the point of the instrument breaks off and is left in the wound. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Where infective wounds of muscles of locomotion occur, the course and gravity of the affection are directly influenced by the proximity of the injury to lymph plexuses. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 The bursa is also liable to infective conditions, such as acute rheumatism, gonorrhœa, suppuration, or tubercle. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Where there is overcrowding, the collections of putrescible filth are multiplied, and with them probably the productive foci of infective particles. Scientific American Supplement, No. 595, May 28, 1887 Hitherto the advances in knowledge upon the etiology of other infective diseases have done little toward the etiology of cholera. Scientific American Supplement, No. 458, October 11, 1884 Wounds produced by stabs or punctures are liable to be followed by infective complications ending in panophthalmitis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Where the inflammation becomes infective, surgical interference is necessary. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 It may be associated with any of the acute pyogenic infections; with erysipelas, especially when it affects the head or face; or with chronic infective diseases of the urinary organs. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. A further instance of infective periostitis is that met with in acute laminitis. Diseases of the Horse's Foot Hence he would distinguish between substances which merely arrest putrefaction and those which are bactericidal; for the former may simply serve the purpose of preserving the infective virus. Scientific American Supplement, No. 458, October 11, 1884 Typhoid Spine.—An acute infective condition of the vertebræ, intervertebral discs, and spinal ligaments occasionally occurs during convalescence from typhoid fever. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In association with the leucopenia and the oropharyngeal lesions, a variety of other infective processes were seen. The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki It also occurs in relation to the peripheral veins, but in these it can seldom be recognised as a separate entity, being merged in the general infective process from which it takes origin. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It may so happen, as sometimes in fact it does, that the animal may die as a result of the infective fever so set up. Diseases of the Horse's Foot In spite of a most careful examination of all other organs and of the Mood, nothing was found to establish the presence of an infective material, and attention was finally concentrated on the intestinal conditions. Scientific American Supplement, No. 458, October 11, 1884 Success depends largely on the avoidance of infective complications, and on absence of tension between the rawed surfaces that are brought into apposition. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Three groups of hyphomycetae, algae, and schizomycetae, have been demonstrated to occur in the animal and human organism in infective diseases. Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 Hæmorrhage of Toxic Origin.—Mention must also be made of hæmorrhages which depend upon infective or toxic conditions and in which no gross lesion of the vessels can be discovered. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The serous matter exuding from the diseased keratogenous membrane appears, in fact, to be highly infective. Diseases of the Horse's Foot Modern critics may differ as to whom this bitter infective was aimed at, but there could have been no doubt on that subject in Rome at the time. Horace The tendon sheaths, especially those of the peronei and of the tibialis posterior, are liable to be infected by the spread of infective disease from the joint. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The schizomycetae furnish, without doubt, by far the most numerous group of infective diseases. Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 The infective form usually begins as a peri-phlebitis arising in connection with some focus of infection in the adjacent tissues. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. What is really the case, of course, is not that the discharge itself is infective, but that it is contaminated with infective material. Diseases of the Horse's Foot He has got the infective crimson on his hands, chafes them one against the other, perpendicularly, as Nicholas looks at him doubtingly. Our World, Or, the Slaveholder's Daughter After the tumour has fungated, infective complications within the skull are liable to develop. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Alongside of these general infective diseases produced by bacilli, local affections also occur, which indicate the presence of these organisms at the point where disease begins. Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 The infective agent, moreover, in order to reach the blood stream, must usually overcome the resistance of several glands. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It'll still survive in its infective form and enough Lani will get subacute dosage to propagate it until the time is right for another epizootic. The Lani People Absorption of Callus.—It sometimes happens that when an acute infective disease, especially one of the exanthemata, supervenes while a fracture is undergoing repair, the callus which has formed becomes softened and is absorbed. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Treatment.—When the cord is completely divided, no benefit can follow operative interference, and treatment is directed towards the prevention of infective complications from cystitis and bed-sores. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It is lined with epithelium, and is probably derived from a belated portion of the enamel organ which has been stimulated to active growth by infective processes in the pulp cavity. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The patient may succumb to hæmorrhage or to infective complications such as erysipelas or meningitis. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It may also appear as a reflex condition in infective affections of the teeth and gums, or as a manifestation of some general disease of the central nervous system. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The enlargement may be progressive from the first, or may remain stationary for years, and then begin to develop somewhat suddenly, sometimes after an injury or as a result of some infective condition. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Amputation may become necessary should gangrene ensue from injury to the popliteal vessels, or if infective complications threaten the life of the patient. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It is due to infection with pyogenic bacteria, which usually gain access to the gland by the blood stream, as, for example, in typhoid fever, pyæmia, influenza, and other acute infective diseases. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Radiograms usually furnish useful information as to the condition of the bone, both as it is altered by the original attack and by the changes that attend the relapse of the infective process. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. This is an acute infective condition, which usually attacks young children, and implicates both glands, either simultaneously or consecutively. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. As these cavities lie in close relation to the middle and posterior cranial fossæ, infective conditions in the tympanum and mastoid cells are liable to spread to the interior of the skull. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. When the lesion is compound, also, amputation may become necessary on account of infective complications. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The condition—which goes by the name of angina Ludovici—is usually met with in adults, and appears to originate in some infective focus in the mouth. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. If it is decided to wait for separation of the dead bone, drainage should be improved, and the infective element combated by the induction of hyperæmia. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. To prevent infective complications any foreign body must be removed and an antiseptic mouth-wash regularly employed. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Acute Infection of the Middle Ear.—This usually arises in connection with infective conditions of the throat and naso-pharynx. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Compound fractures, being commonly associated with extravasation of urine, are liable to infective complications. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Absence of Leucocytosis—Leucopenia.—In certain infective diseases the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood is abnormally low—3000 or 4000—and this condition is known as leucopenia. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Early tertiary lesions may be infective, and the disease may be transmitted by the discharges from them; but the later the lesions the less is the risk of their containing an infective virus. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The general treatment is carried out on the same lines as for other infective conditions. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. From the study of the processes by which immunity is secured against the effects of bacterial action the serum and vaccine methods of treating certain infective diseases have been evolved. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The close proximity of the flexor sheaths to the carpal articulations permits of infective processes spreading readily from one to the other. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. If these measures fail, amputation of the limb may be the only means of preventing further dissemination of infective material from the primary source of infection. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Methods of Infection.—In marked contrast to what obtains in the infective diseases that have already been described, tuberculosis rarely results from the infection of a wound. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It has been proved experimentally that it remains infective only up to six hours after its removal from the body. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The urine is diminished in quantity, but as a rule is normal in composition; as in other acute infective conditions, albumen and blood may be present. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. They include pyogenic affections, such as those resulting from infective conditions in the palm of the hand, different types of gonorrhœal, rheumatic, and gouty affections, and arthritis deformans. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The general treatment is carried out on the same lines as in other acute infective diseases. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Ligatures and Sutures.—To avoid the risk of implanting infective matter in a wound by means of the materials used for ligatures and sutures, great care must be taken in their preparation. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Clinical Varieties of Bacillary Gangrene.—Acute infective gangrene is the form most commonly met with in civil practice. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. At the bedside it is difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish it from acute infective gangrene. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In young subjects, infective processes result chiefly from extension of disease from the upper epiphysial junction of the humerus, which is partly included within the limits of the synovial cavity. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Diphtheria is an acute infective disease due to the action of a specific bacterium, the bacillus diphtheriæ or Klebs-Löffler bacillus. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Leucocytosis is met with in nearly all acute infective diseases, and in acute pyogenic inflammatory affections, particularly in those attended with suppuration. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Erysipelas, popularly known as “rose,” is an acute spreading infective disease of the skin or of a mucous membrane due to the action of a streptococcus. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Hydrophobia is an acute infective disease following on the bite of a rabid animal. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The use of the probe is to be avoided, on account of the risk of carrying infective material from the track of the wound into the joint. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. |
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