| 单词 | hypochlorite |
| 例句 | For example, perchlorate is chlorate is chlorite is and hypochlorite is ClO−. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z His idea was for doctors to rinse their hands in a solution of calcium hypochlorite. Today's anti-mask activists have much in common with anti-handwashing doctors of the 1840s 2021-10-01T04:00:00Z Check the label for its chemical name: sodium hypochlorite. How to remove and prevent algae growth on siding, roofs and patios 2021-06-18T04:00:00Z It also recommends that people “shock” their pools — adding chemicals that raise the chlorine level enough to kill algae and bacteria — with liquid chlorine, calcium hypochlorite or potassium monopersulfate instead of chlorine tablets. Just in Time for Pool Season: A Chlorine Shortage 2021-05-29T04:00:00Z The chemical name for chlorine bleach is sodium hypochlorite. Perspective | How to clean outdoor and composite wood 2020-05-05T04:00:00Z According to a variety of local news reports from cities including Shanghai and Gwangju, South Korea, the disinfectant most commonly used outdoors is a diluted solution of sodium hypochlorite, or household bleach. Does disinfecting surfaces really prevent the spread of coronavirus? 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z One potential by-product is hypochlorite - found in bleach - which is less stable and thus more prone to releasing its oxygen. Nasa probing oxygen mystery on Mars 2019-11-14T05:00:00Z Media identified the chemical as sodium hypochlorite, a cleaning agent. Buffalo Wild Wings employee dies after exposure to chemical at restaurant 2019-11-08T05:00:00Z The Anchorage Daily News reports Alleva on June 7 directed employees to spread Zappit 73, a pool cleaner containing calcium hypochlorite, on ground within a block of a soup kitchen and homeless shelter. Judge fines man for spreading chemicals at homeless site 2019-05-22T04:00:00Z A chemical spill caused sodium hypochlorite to mix with ferric sulfate at a Birmingham Water Works treatment plant near Highway 280, AL.com reported. Chemical spill at Alabama water treatment plant sends 54 to hospitals 2019-02-27T05:00:00Z Authorities tell news outlets that irritating gas caused by a mixture of ferric sulfate and sodium hypochlorite was causing breathing problems for about a dozen workers. Alabama chemical spill sends dozens to hospitals 2019-02-27T05:00:00Z A friend teased me, saying the chlorine in my collection was really sodium hypochlorite. I Was a Teenage Element Hoarder 2019-02-08T05:00:00Z A. The active ingredient of bleach is sodium hypochlorite, which is made up of three common elements, sodium, oxygen and chlorine, said May Nyman, professor of chemistry at Oregon State University. The Chemical Reaction That Cleans Everything 2017-11-17T05:00:00Z Emergency personnel in North Carolina say it was sodium hypochlorite which leaked at a YMCA, leading to an evacuation and sending six children to area hospitals. The Latest: 6 kids sent to hospital after chemical leak 2017-08-02T04:00:00Z Further tests found that the UV rays broke down the perchlorate into other chemicals, namely hypochlorite and chlorite, and it is these that appear to be so destructive to the bacteria. Mars covered in toxic chemicals that can wipe out living organisms, tests reveal 2017-07-06T04:00:00Z The woman died quickly and was buried, according to one account, in a “sack filled with calcium hypochlorite,” or powdered bleach. Ebola crisis rekindles concerns about secret research in Russian military labs You probably use it to unblock your drains or, together with sodium hypochlorite, as bleach. Getting rid of dirt - and murder victims 2014-05-02T23:21:49Z The alcoholic tincture becomes green with sodium hypochlorite, and with nitric acid turns in succession green, blue and brown. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 6 "Groups, Theory of" to "Gwyniad" 2011-12-16T03:00:12.320Z A friend teased me, saying that the chlorine in my collection was really sodium hypochlorite. I Was a Teenage Element Hoarder 2011-10-11T15:15:05.957Z In this formula calcium hypochlorite has been written CaOCl2, but this substance actually contains one atom of oxygen less than the true hypochlorite, which has the constitutional formula ClO-Ca-OCl. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The commodities Clorox buys include resin, diesel, chlor-alkali and sodium hypochlorite. Clorox, Citing Costs, Says It Will Increase Prices 2011-08-03T23:05:43Z Elemental chlorine gas is 100 percent chlorine, while sodium hypochlorite -- or bleach -- is about 14 percent chlorine, meaning it takes more pounds of sodium hypochlorite than chlorine gas to achieve the same results. Debate Rises on Whether to Ban Chlorine 2011-06-02T13:15:00.233Z The solution, containing hypochlorites and chlorates, was then applied to the bleaching of linen, paper-pulp or the like, the solution being used over and over again. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z There are a number of substances that kill germs, from tea tree oil to the sodium hypochlorite found in household bleach. Green Lantern: Choosing kitchen disinfectants 2009-11-03T05:00:00Z Sodium chloride, in the absence of hypochlorites, was found to have no influence upon the viability of B. coli in water. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z This may be distinguished from the similar antimony deposit by its ready solubility in a solution of sodium hypochlorite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" Cerium compounds may be recognized by the red precipitate of ceric hydroxide, which is formed when sodium hypochlorite is added to a colourless cerous salt. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" The salts of this acid are known as hypochlorites, and like the acid itself are very unstable, so that it is almost impossible to obtain them pure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" However, some smaller companies offer products that meet EPA standards without resorting to ingredients some environmentalists find troubling, such as sodium hypochlorite, phenols and quaternary amines, or "quats." Green Lantern: Choosing kitchen disinfectants 2009-11-03T05:00:00Z If the bleaching effect is due to oxidation, the oxidising power of hypochlorites must be considered to be destroyed by the addition of ammonia. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Thus the chlorine oxyacids enumerated above form salts named respectively hypochlorites, chlorites, chlorates and perchlorates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" To Remove the Yellow Color from Teeth.—Take of dry hypochlorite of lime, one-half dram; red coral, two drams. The Ladies Book of Useful Information Compiled from many sources Sodium hypochlorite can be prepared by the electrolysis of brine solution in the presence of carbon electrodes, having no diaphragm in the electrolytic cell, and mixing the anode and cathode products by agitating the liquid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" For bleaching most biological specimens, especially bones and the like, hydrogen peroxide is in every way better, less offensive, less corrosive, and less damaging to tissues, than hypochlorite. Practical Taxidermy A manual of instruction to the amateur in collecting, preserving, and setting up natural history specimens of all kinds. To which is added a chapter upon the pictorial arrangement of museums. With additional instructions in modelling and artistic taxidermy. When a solution of chlorine in water is used as a germicide the chemical reactions that occur differ materially from those of hypochlorite solutions. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z A similar solution of a mixture of chloride and hypochlorite is called Eau de Javelle. Textiles For Commercial, Industrial, and Domestic Arts Schools; Also Adapted to Those Engaged in Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods, Wool, Cotton, and Dressmaker's Trades In the oxidising processes which follow the alkaline treatments, the hypochlorites are still the staple agents. Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900 The temperature should be kept at about 15� C., and the concentration of the hypochlorite produced must not be allowed to become too great, in order to prevent reduction taking place at the cathode. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" Some such pigments are better bleached with other chemicals, such as sulphites or hypochlorites. Practical Taxidermy A manual of instruction to the amateur in collecting, preserving, and setting up natural history specimens of all kinds. To which is added a chapter upon the pictorial arrangement of museums. With additional instructions in modelling and artistic taxidermy. The chloride of calcium being inert, the hypochlorite acted upon by the carbonic acid in the water either free or half bound, splits up into carbonate of calcium and hypochlorous acid. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The French use solutions containing chloride and hypochlorite of soda. Textiles For Commercial, Industrial, and Domestic Arts Schools; Also Adapted to Those Engaged in Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods, Wool, Cotton, and Dressmaker's Trades Or an infusion of hypochlorite of potash in twice its volume of water may be used instead of the preceding. A Book for All Readers An Aid to the Collection, Use, and Preservation of Books and the Formation of Public and Private Libraries Precipitated calcium carbonate may be used in place of the mercuric oxide, or a hypochlorite may be decomposed by a dilute mineral acid and the resulting solution distilled. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" Cellulose may be obtained in a pure condition from cotton by treatment with alkalies, followed by washing, and by treatment with alkaline hypochlorites, acids, washing and, finally, drying. The Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics A Practical Handbook for the Dyer and Student It has often been assumed that hypochlorite solutions are decomposed on addition to water containing free or half-bound carbonic acid with the production of free chlorine, but no evidence has been adduced in support. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z It is furnished by acting on quinine with hypochlorite of lime, hydrochloric acid, and ammonia, successively. Field's Chromatography or Treatise on Colours and Pigments as Used by Artists This substance is called bleaching powder, or hypochlorite of lime. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The solution of sodium hypochlorite for surgical use must be free of caustic alkali; it must only contain 0.45% to 0.50 of hypochlorite. A Journey Through France in War Time When cotton is passed into strong solutions of bleaching powder and of alkaline hypochlorites and then dried, it is found to be tendered very considerably. The Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics A Practical Handbook for the Dyer and Student That on the addition of bleach to water the loosely formed combination forming the bleach splits up into chloride of calcium and hypochlorite of calcium. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The method involves the treatment of the wool first with an acid, then with a solution of a hypochlorite. The Dyeing of Woollen Fabrics By means of these reactions one can prepare potassium chloride, potassium hypochlorite, and potassium chlorate. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The number of cubic centimeters used multiplied by 0.03725 will give the weight of the hypochlorite of soda contained in 100 c.c. of the solution. A Journey Through France in War Time According to this method a stock solution of hypochlorite of lime was added to the water, the amount necessary for any given water being determined by a solution of potassium iodide and starch. On the Fringe of the Great Fight Light exerts a marked photo-chemical effect on the germicidal velocity of chlorine and hypochlorites. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Their solution in hydrochloric acid is nearly neutralised; acetate of soda is then added, and an excess of sodium hypochlorite. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. This is hypochlorite of lime, the substance used for sterilizing the city drinking water. How To Write Special Feature Articles A Handbook for Reporters, Correspondents and Free-Lance Writers Who Desire to Contribute to Popular Magazines and Magazine Sections of Newspapers This condition also explains why hypochlorites still possesses the bleaching power of chlorine, while the same is not true of oxychlorides. Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891 Small tablets of hypochlorite of lime, each one sufficient to sterilize a pail of water, were also ordered and issued to the first Canadian division, and proved useful. On the Fringe of the Great Fight Phelps, during the hearing of this case, suggested that hypochlorites were directly toxic to micro-organisms but this view was not supported by any definite evidence and the nascent oxygen hypothesis met with almost universal acceptance. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z He dropped a few drops of the hypochlorite solution on to the tile, and immediately the black stain faded away and vanished. John Thorndyke's Cases related by Christopher Jervis and edited by R. Austin Freeman The hypochlorite reaches the plant in iron cylinders containing 100 pounds. How To Write Special Feature Articles A Handbook for Reporters, Correspondents and Free-Lance Writers Who Desire to Contribute to Popular Magazines and Magazine Sections of Newspapers The important oxidizing agents employed in volumetric solutions are potassium bichromate, potassium permangenate, potassium ferricyanide, iodine, ferric chloride, and sodium hypochlorite. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes A glass tube passing through the plug serves to convey the gas evolved to an absorption apparatus, which is charged with about 75 c.c. of a 2 to 3 per cent. solution of sodium hypochlorite. Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power During 1914 a baffled storage basin of two hours capacity was constructed and in June the hypochlorite was added at the inlet to this basin by means of a perforated pipe. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Polton advanced to the table, on which he deposited a small flask, the contents of which were in a state of brisk effervescence, a bottle labelled "calcium hypochlorite," and a white porcelain tile. John Thorndyke's Cases related by Christopher Jervis and edited by R. Austin Freeman In some processes the electrolysis affords directly an alkaline hypochlorite or a chlorate, the former being of wide commercial use as a bleaching agent in textile works and in the paper industry. The Story of Electricity The most important combinations among the foregoing are: Potassium bichromate and ferrous salts; potassium permanganate and ferrous salts; potassium permanganate and oxalic acid, or its derivatives; iodine and sodium thiosulphate; hypochlorites and arsenious acid. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes He suggests incorporating it with a solution of some lead salt, so that the latter may increase the capacity of the calcium hypochlorite to remove sulphur. Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power The discovery of electrolytic hypochlorites dates back to 1859, when Watt found that chlorides of the fixed alkalies and alkaline earths yielded hypochlorites on being submitted to the action of an electrical current. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The effect of the addition of hypochlorite upon the electrical conductivity of distilled water and the Ottawa River water is shown in Diagram VI. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Liquid chlorine does not increase the conductivity to the same extent as an equivalent quantity of hypochlorite but it increases the carbonic acid content in proportion to the dosage used. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z When touched by a drop of the solution the paper turns blue until the hypochlorite has all been reduced and an excess of the arsenite has been added. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes The material is claimed to last longer than ordinary hypochlorite mixtures, and not to add chlorine to the acetylene. Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power The hypochlorite discharge pipe is usually 6-9 inches from the bottom to permit the collection of sludge, which is run off when it reaches the elevation of the hypochlorite discharge. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The weir principle may also be used but it is not so well adapted for hypochlorite as for other chemicals. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z These solutions contain mixtures of sodium hypochlorite and sodium chloride together with some free alkali. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z It is customary to express the value of bleaching powder in terms of "available chlorine," by which is meant the chlorine present as hypochlorite, but not the chlorine present as chloride. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes Unfortunately Nieuwland did not investigate the action on acetylene of hypochlorites, which are presumably the active ingredients in bleaching- powder. Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power On the other hand 20-25 per cent. of samples treated with calcium hypochlorite show higher counts at body temperature than at room temperature.” Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z As tank B was previously used as a bleach storage tank, the change from hypochlorite alone to chloramine necessitated very little expense. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The greatest source of unavoidable loss in hypochlorite plants is from deterioration of the bleach during storage; in warm climates this loss may exceed 10 per cent. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The tendency during the last four years has been to substitute liquid chlorine for hypochlorite and the majority of the plants are now of the former type. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The essential constituent of bleaching-powder from the present aspect is calcium hypochlorite, which readily oxidises sulphuretted hydrogen, and more particularly phosphine, converting them into sulphuric and phosphoric acids, while the acetylene is practically unattacked. Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power When an excess of hypochlorite or liquid chlorine is added to a water it imparts a sharp pungent odour and acid taste, characteristic of chlorine, that render it offensive to the nose and palate. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z For the successful operation of the chloramine process, the essential factors are low concentrations of the hypochlorite and ammonia solutions. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z To overcome this difficulty, hypochlorite was used in 1915, but, as was anticipated, it had no effect on the typhoid rate. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The discharge of the hypochlorite solution is usually regulated either by maintaining a constant head on an orifice of variable dimension or by varying the head on an orifice of fixed dimension. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z If efficient operation and regular dosage is to be obtained, it is necessary that hypochlorite plants should be controlled by a trained chemist. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The results proved conclusively that statements alleging damage to plants, flowers, and seeds by the hypochlorite treatment of water are unfounded and do not merit the slightest consideration. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Aftergrowths have occurred at many places where this process is employed and in this respect it possesses no advantage over hypochlorite installations. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Because of the absence of a base and the presence of chlorides, electrolytic hypochlorite cannot be stored for more than a few hours without appreciable loss of titre. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The author, in 1915, during a series of experiments on the relative germicidal action of hypochlorites, attempted to prepare the ammonium salt by double decomposition of bleach and ammonium oxalate solutions. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z A public announcement that the amount of hypochlorite has been reduced also has a psychological effect upon the consumers and tends to reduce complaints due to auto-suggestion. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Before considering the “modus operandi” of chlorine and hypochlorites, it will be advisable to take up the composition of the latter substances and particularly that of “bleach.” Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The effect of hypochlorite on the reduction of algæ growths on slow sand filters was first noticed by Houston during the treatment of the Lincoln supply in 1905. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Similar results have been obtained at training camps in Canada and in other countries by effective treatment with either liquid chlorine or hypochlorite. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Following two epidemics of typhoid fever in 1911 and 1912, caused by breaks in the intake pipe, hypochlorite treatment was commenced and has been in continuous operation until February, 1917, when chloramine treatment was substituted. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z This wonderful development has been largely due to the intrinsic merits of the process and the reliability of the machines manufactured although it has been indirectly assisted by the excessive cost of hypochlorite during 1915-1916. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z In general, an effective disinfection may be secured with a smaller quantity of hypochlorite, if it is applied after rather than before filtration. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Since 1889 when Webster first proposed the use of electrolysed sea-water as a disinfectant, various attempts have been made to introduce electrolytic hypochlorites for the bactericidal treatment of water and sewage. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The concentration of the hypochlorite solution is usually about 6 grams per litre. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Similar results were obtained on the addition of ammonia to electrolytic hypochlorite. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The author investigated the action of hypochlorite on galvanised pipes in 1914 and was unable to detect any definite corrosion with normal concentrations of chlorine. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The author has used pine, oak, and cypress tanks but all were rapidly leached by the hypochlorite and ultimately had to be lined with concrete. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Claims have been made that electrolytic hypochlorite is more efficient as a germicide than bleach when compared on the basis of their available chlorine content but no evidence of it has been produced. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Electrolytic hypochlorite has a greater germicidal velocity than bleach but the difference is so small as to be of no practical importance. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Chlorine and hypochlorites are destructive and irritant to skin and it is possible that hot chlorinated water has, in some instances, a similar effect. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z That the apparatus is as efficient as purification by ozone or hypochlorite and is more reliable in operation than either.... Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z A portion of the hypochlorite was almost invariably carried into the basin and increased the dosage. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z When the sludge reaches the outlet of the hypochlorite pipe the sludge must be run to waste; otherwise it will pass over and tend to choke the dosage control apparatus. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Liquid chlorine machines are much more suitable than hypochlorite installations for supplies having no chemical control. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z In some cases the labour required for mixing and supervision can be obtained without extra cost whilst in others the labour charge exceeds the cost of hypochlorite. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z Turbidity is generally caused by the presence of very finely divided suspended matter, usually silt or clay, which is inert to hypochlorites. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The hypochlorite was applied at the intake cribs situated a considerable distance off shore. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z |
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