| 单词 | histone |
| 例句 | The chemical processes that alter the genes in epigenesis – methylation and deacetylation of the packaging proteins of the genes, the histones – are fairly well understood. Identically Different: Why You Can Change Your Genes by Tim Spector – review 2012-08-08T09:30:03Z Next, his team wants to explore how mitochondrial respiration influences the epigenetic programming of T cells, for example through post-translational modifications of histones, and the interplay of T-cell metabolism with the local tissue microenvironment. Immunology: Dysfunction of mitochondria drives the exhaustion of T cells 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Inhibition of histone deacetylase leads to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton of dendritic cells, inducing morphological changes. Intestinal bacteria metabolite promotes capture of antigens by dendritic cells 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z The study also found changes in the distribution of carbon between different cellular compartments, such as the nucleus and cytoplasm, which may be influenced by alpha-synuclein's interaction with DNA and histones. A deep look into the progression of Parkinson's Disease 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z The vaccine mimicked a mutational change in a histone protein typical of this type of cancer. Mutation-specific peptide vaccine against midline gliomas used in patients 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z In order for gene transcription to occur, specific DNA regions need to unwrap, which happens by modifying histones. Strengthening artificial immune cells to fight cancer 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z The DNA in the nucleus is wrapped around histone proteins, as is observed in other eukaryotic cells. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This nucleosome is linked to the next one by a short strand of DNA that is free of histones. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Dr. Allis peered into proteins, known as histones, that are nature’s shrink wrap: squeezing the long DNA threads into cellular packets. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z These DNA–histone complexes, collectively called nucleosomes, are regularly spaced and include 146 nucleotides of DNA wound around eight histones like thread around a spool. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To fit into the tiny cell nucleus, it is condensed around proteins called histones. Strengthening artificial immune cells to fight cancer 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z The DNA strands in eukaryotic cells are tightly bound to proteins called histones, creating a complex called chromatin. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Recall that eukaryotic DNA is bound to proteins known as histones to form structures called nucleosomes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Beginning with research in the 1980s with a single-celled aquatic creature called a tetrahymena, Dr. Allis found that histone proteins were more than mere wrappers or spools, as long thought. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z For polynucleotide synthesis to occur, the transcription machinery needs to move histones out of the way every time it encounters a nucleosome. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Reductive carboxylation acts directly on the generation of metabolites, small chemical elements that modify histones, to influence DNA packaging and to prevent accessibility to longevity genes. Strengthening artificial immune cells to fight cancer 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z Cells can regulate the state of chromatin by enzymes that attach chemical groups to DNA and to histone proteins. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The DNA is wrapped tightly around the histone core. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A handful of drugs known as histone deacetylase inhibitors — basically regulating the histone messaging to genes — have been developed to treat melanomas, lymphoma and other blood-borne cancers. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z This complex pulls histones away from the DNA template as the polymerase moves along it. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z DNA is normally found as a loosely contained structure called chromatin within the nucleus, where it is wound up and associated with a variety of histone proteins. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Epigenetic chemical marks can be attached to DNA and histone proteins in a way that affects gene expression by altering chromatin structure. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Their effects can vary: One editor might remove tags from histones to switch a gene on, whereas another might add methyl groups to DNA to repress it. Better than CRISPR? Another way to fix gene problems may be safer and more versatile 2022-06-01T04:00:00Z For Dr. Allis, it was a perfect specimen for its mix of high levels of histones and gene expression activity. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z On the other hand, histone acetylation results in loose packing of nucleosomes, allowing transcription factors to bind to DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Along the chromatin threads, the DNA is wrapped around a set of histone proteins. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, eukaryotic cells attach chemical tags and proteins called histones to hide away parts of the genome. Ancient Molecule Helps Bacteria Untangle Genetic Activity 2022-04-08T04:00:00Z The team is now examining the cells’ histone modifications. Immune Cells That Remember Inflammation Could Offer Treatment Targets for Atherosclerosis 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z It built on earlier experiments by Michael Grunstein, a professor at the University of California at Los Angeles, that explored how the histone tail-receptors activated or silenced gene expression in yeast cells. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z The first level of organization, or packing, is the winding of DNA strands around histone proteins. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Multiple nucleosomes along the entire molecule of DNA appear like a beaded necklace, in which the string is the DNA and the beads are the associated histones. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The researchers analysed DNA and RNA sequences, and the proteins bound to them, including histone proteins, around which DNA is packaged as chromatin. Expanded ENCODE delivers invaluable genomic encyclopedia 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z In vaccination and infection studies, trained immunity can be prevented by blocking specific histone modifications or enzymes involved in glucose metabolism. Immune Cells That Remember Inflammation Could Offer Treatment Targets for Atherosclerosis 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z Instead, histones are important pathways — via a “tail” on the histone protein — to regulate genes and could become a critical part of new medical therapies. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z How the histone proteins move is dependent on signals found on both the histone proteins and on the DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z HIV DNA remains latent when it tightly spools around chromosome proteins known as histones. An intriguing—but far from proven—HIV cure in the ‘São Paulo Patient’ 2020-07-07T04:00:00Z They also studied molecular modifications to DNA and histones, including sites of DNA methylation. Expanded ENCODE delivers invaluable genomic encyclopedia 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z Because all cells use glycolysis and modify histones, however, researchers are also looking for ways to target these processes specifically in monocytes and their precursors. Immune Cells That Remember Inflammation Could Offer Treatment Targets for Atherosclerosis 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z The link between histones and gene expression “wasn’t given so much as a grain of salt” for decades, Dr. Allis said in 2001. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z This modification changes how the DNA interacts with proteins, including the histone proteins that control access to the region. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But the researchers found doxorubicin also kills cancer cells by dislodging histones, the spherical proteins that DNA coils around like a spool to form a structure known as chromatin. New forms of ‘red devil’ cancer drug could spare hearts 2020-07-01T04:00:00Z The Berger group focuses on epigenetics — chemical modifications to chromosomal DNA and the histone proteins that provide an organizing scaffold for that genetic material. EpiVario: mixing psychotherapy and small-molecule drugs 2020-06-29T04:00:00Z Figure 1 | How molecules in cancer cells inhibit the repair of DNA damage. a, DNA wraps around histone proteins to form a structure called a nucleosome. Tumour metabolites hinder DNA repair 2020-06-02T04:00:00Z Dr. Allis’s breakthrough came in 1996 by showing the links between histones and gene expression. David Allis, researcher who explored ‘on-off’ switch in genes, dies at 71 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z The changes that occur to the histone proteins and DNA do not alter the nucleotide sequence and are not permanent. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the new work, the Leiden team tested two anthracycline variants that remove histones without breaking DNA: an approved cancer drug called aclarubicin, and a tweaked version of doxorubicin they call diMe-Doxo. New forms of ‘red devil’ cancer drug could spare hearts 2020-07-01T04:00:00Z ACSS2 does not modify the histones directly, but rather generates acetyl groups that are then coupled to histones by a separate class of enzymes known as acetyltransferases. EpiVario: mixing psychotherapy and small-molecule drugs 2020-06-29T04:00:00Z DNA is packaged around histone proteins to form a macromolecular structure called chromatin. Chromatin modified in a molecular reaction chamber 2020-03-10T04:00:00Z These include processes that add or remove either methyl groups on DNA or acetyl groups on DNA-binding proteins called histones. Tweaking the DNA of myeloid cells curbs cancer spread 2020-02-25T05:00:00Z If a gene is to be transcribed, the histone proteins and DNA are modified surrounding the chromosomal region encoding that gene. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the nucleus, DNA is packaged up by being wrapped around proteins called histones – CBX7 binds to particular histones. African killifish may hold key to stopping ageing in humans 2020-02-20T05:00:00Z But targeting histone acetyltransferases directly is a tricky business, given their broad activity throughout the body. EpiVario: mixing psychotherapy and small-molecule drugs 2020-06-29T04:00:00Z DNA in cell nuclei is wrapped around histone proteins to form units called nucleosomes. Chromatin modified in a molecular reaction chamber 2020-03-10T04:00:00Z One way in which these metabolites signal is through the chemical modification of proteins such as histones. Histone lactylation links metabolism and gene regulation 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z These mechanisms control how DNA is packed into the nucleus by regulating how tightly the DNA is wound around histone proteins. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Each human cell contains so much DNA — about 2 metres if extended — that it must be tightly wrapped around specialized histone proteins to form spool-like structures called nucleosomes. A key to unlocking chromatin revealed by complex structures 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z The best-known examples of this are cases in which metabolites provide substrates for enzymes that regulate gene expression by modifying chemical groups attached to DNA or to the histone proteins that bind to DNA. Metabolic signal curbs cancer-cell migration 2019-06-25T04:00:00Z These include chemical modifications of DNA and RNA molecules, as well as post-translational modifications of histones — the proteins around which DNA coils to form chromatin strands. Modification of histone proteins by serotonin in the nucleus 2019-03-12T04:00:00Z So, histone lactylation is derived from lactate and is sensitive to lactate levels. Histone lactylation links metabolism and gene regulation 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z The UV rays could cause phosphorylation and acetylation of the DNA and histones which could alter the transcriptional capabilities of the DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This complex then recruits SETDB1 to deposit methyl modifications on histone proteins bound to viral DNA. How cells hush a viral invader 2018-11-27T05:00:00Z These histones are a component of chromatin, and mark sites in the genome of T. brucei at which the synthesis of RNA transcripts by the enzyme RNA polymerase II is terminated19. Chromatin clues to the trypanosome parasite’s uniform coat 2018-10-16T04:00:00Z But even more interestingly, the mutations were in genes that encode histones — the spool-like proteins around which DNA is wound, which regulate gene expression and lie at the centre of the burgeoning field of epigenetics. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z Zhang and colleagues’ discovery that lactate is used for histone modification is intriguing both because of the metabolite’s abundance and because its production, uptake and use are all subject to dynamic regulation5. Histone lactylation links metabolism and gene regulation 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA methylation and prevent the removal of acetyl groups from histone proteins. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These histone modifications are associated with the suppression of gene expression. How cells hush a viral invader 2018-11-27T05:00:00Z What Dr. Grunstein and Dr. Allis discovered is that, in fact, histones play a crucial role in turning genes on and off, which allows each cell to do its assigned task. Lasker Awards Given for Work in Genetics, Anesthesia and Promoting Women in Science 2018-09-11T04:00:00Z “No one, up until that point,” says Jones, “believed that it would be possible for a cell to divide with a mutation in a gene that was encoding something so fundamental as a histone.” The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z Zhang et al. found that the amount of glucose available to cells grown in vitro dynamically regulates the lysine lactylation of histones in those cells. Histone lactylation links metabolism and gene regulation 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z At the most basic level, DNA is wrapped around proteins known as histones to form structures called nucleosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This type of histone modification usually helps to silence gene expression. How cells hush a viral invader 2018-11-27T05:00:00Z The authors report that there were differences between HCC and ICC cells in the structure of the complex of histone proteins and DNA called chromatin. Neighbourhood deaths cause a switch in cancer subtype 2018-09-11T04:00:00Z As scaffolds for genomic DNA, histones are highly conserved proteins that help to shape the 3D arrangement of the genome, through which they influence the expression of genes. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z This, in turn, leads to increases in intracellular levels of the molecule lactate, and to lactylation of histones at promoter DNA sequences. Histone lactylation links metabolism and gene regulation 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z The histones are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are rich in basic amino acids and form an octamer. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Starting in the 1980s, their work shed light on how gene activity is affected by chemical modification of proteins called histones. 4 honored for genetic research and developing anesthetic 2018-09-11T04:00:00Z These are chemical modifications, such as the attachment of methyl groups, that are made to DNA and to the histone proteins that associate with it to form chromatin. Neighbourhood deaths cause a switch in cancer subtype 2018-09-11T04:00:00Z So it was even more remarkable that Jabado, Baker and other researchers soon confirmed that there was not just one histone mutation but three. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z Andricovich et al. therefore analysed the ability of various drugs that target other histone modifications to prevent the growth of KDM6A-deficient human cancer cells in vitro. Pancreatic cancer foiled by a switch of tumour subtype 2018-05-13T04:00:00Z The DNA is found wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes, which further compact and ultimately form linear chromosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Analysis of histone 2B-GFP retention reveals slowly cycling hematopoietic stem cells. From haematopoietic stem cells to complex differentiation landscapes 2018-01-23T05:00:00Z However, the mechanism and functional consequences of histone succinylation are unknown. KAT2A coupled with the α-KGDH complex acts as a histone H3 succinyltransferase 2017-12-05T05:00:00Z Overall, histone mutations account for slightly more than half of all childhood HGG cases. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z Targeting histone modifications and altered gene-regulatory networks to cause a ‘class switch’ to a more differentiated, less aggressive subtype of cancer might provide a promising therapeutic strategy. Pancreatic cancer foiled by a switch of tumour subtype 2018-05-13T04:00:00Z A bacterial chromosome is a covalently closed circle that, unlike eukaryotic chromosomes, is not organized around histone proteins. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Growth habit determination by the balance of histone methylation activities in Arabidopsis. Embryonic epigenetic reprogramming by a pioneer transcription factor in plants 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z They can overlay those data with standard browser tracks, such as gene locations or histone marks, either from their own studies or from public repositories. Plot a course through the genome 2017-09-04T04:00:00Z Researchers also found, however, that a histone mutation was never the sole mutation in such tumours. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z Likewise, PRDM6—a presumed histone methyltransferase38 not previously implicated in MB—was identified as the probable target of SNCAIP-associated enhancer hijacking in Group 4, now representing the most prevalent driver alteration in this subgroup. The whole-genome landscape of medulloblastoma subtypes : Nature : Nature Research 2017-07-18T04:00:00Z The tags do not alter the DNA base sequence, but they do alter how tightly wound the DNA is around the histone proteins. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When He and Pan began working together, most epigenetic research focused on the tags associated with DNA and the histone proteins that it wraps around. An epigenetics gold rush: new controls for gene expression 2017-02-21T05:00:00Z They found that gut microbes mediate chemical changes to histone proteins, which in turn regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and altering its 3D conformation. Epigenetics: Gut microbes shape DNA : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-29T05:00:00Z But neuro-oncologists remain desperate to understand fully the biology that underlies histone mutations, in the hope that these mutations will be an Achilles heel that opens the door to innovative treatments. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z Evolutionarily conserved immune-gene regulatory regions with altered histone modification profiles are enriched for genetic variants identified in people with AD, which supports the genetic links between immune processes and the risk of AD80. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z DNA is a negatively charged molecule; therefore, changes in the charge of the histone will change how tightly wound the DNA molecule will be. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These molecules, called histone deacetylases, are part of what determines how tightly the DNA is wound. New imaging method shows how genes activate in the living brain 2016-08-10T04:00:00Z When histone deacetylase 3 is specifically deleted from intestinal epithelial cells, gene expression is massively altered and the integrity of the epithelial barrier is lost94. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Each of the five families of histones comprises multiple variants that are encoded by multiple genes. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z This structure detects a small molecular signal attached to the histone proteins that parcel up DNA into chromatin. Chemical probes: A shared toolbox : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-05-10T04:00:00Z When unmodified, the histone proteins have a large positive charge; by adding chemical modifications like acetyl groups, the charge becomes less positive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Their main criticism was that Mukherjee’s article put too much emphasis on histone modification and DNA methylation, which they say are relatively minor contributors to gene regulation. Researcher under fire for New Yorker epigenetics article 2016-05-08T04:00:00Z The acetylation of histones is similarly involved in the crosstalk between the microbiota and the innate arm of the immune system. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z And histones are not merely an inert scaffold for DNA. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z But a chain of DNA does not typically sit naked in animal cells; it is wrapped tightly around a core of proteins called histones. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z If a gene is to remain turned off, or silenced, the histone proteins and DNA have different modifications that signal a closed chromosomal configuration. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Richard Mann, a molecular biologist and biophysicist at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City, noted that the article mentioned histones 26 times without a single mention of the word transcription. Researcher under fire for New Yorker epigenetics article 2016-05-08T04:00:00Z Potential gene expression changes caused by DNA replication–driven gene dosage effects are buffered by histone acetylation. Expression homeostasis during DNA replication | Science 2016-03-03T05:00:00Z Moreover, the K27M mutation affects not only the histone gene in which it occurs; in fact, the methionine broadly inhibits the enzyme that adds methyl groups to lysines in histones. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z “And, second, the histone modifications are passed from a parent cell to its daughter cells when cells divide. A cell can thus record ‘memory,’ and not just for itself but for all its daughter cells.” The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z There are characteristic modifications to histone proteins and DNA that are associated with silenced genes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “Only a talmudic-like reading can reveal a hint that something other than histone modifications are at play.” Researcher under fire for New Yorker epigenetics article 2016-05-08T04:00:00Z Potential gene expression changes caused by DNA replication–driven gene dosage effects are buffered by histone acetylation. Expression homeostasis during DNA replication | Science 2016-03-03T05:00:00Z This effect leads to widespread changes in histone structure and, therefore, to more extensive changes in DNA organization and gene expression. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z By 2000, Allis and his colleagues around the world had identified a gamut of proteins that could modify histones, and so modulate the activity of genes. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z In new seedlings, histone methylations are present; upon cold exposure, acetylation occurs. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z An earlier study by Berger’s group indicated that variations in the number of a chemical entity called an acetyl group on proteins called histones, which serve as the scaffolding for DNA, might be important. Bipolar drug turns foraging ants into scouts 2015-12-31T05:00:00Z Dozens of different chemical modifications decorate both the DNA and the histones — proteins that package the DNA into chromosomes. Epigenetics: The genome unwrapped : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-12-01T05:00:00Z Developing brains are packed with cells that are dividing rapidly, and histone mutations seem to divert those cells along the path towards cancer, or to trap them at a particular developmental stage. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z “Fifteen years ago, a meeting on cell biology would hold a session on histones or DNA methylation—and no one would be at that session,” Allis told me. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z The UV rays can cause methylation and acetylation of histones making the DNA more tightly packed and leading to inaccessibility. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z So Simola and his colleagues treated different sets of minors and majors with chemicals that affected the addition or removal of acetyl groups from histones. Bipolar drug turns foraging ants into scouts 2015-12-31T05:00:00Z Some inhibit enzymes that either add or remove acetyl groups from histones, and can treat a range of conditions from epilepsy to cancer. Epigenetics: The genome unwrapped : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-12-01T05:00:00Z But researchers who hope to use information about histone mutations to help treat HGG in children must address a crucial question. The unexpected role of histones in childhood brain cancer 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z In some cancers, such as leukemias, malignant cells have markedly aberrant patterns of DNA methylation or histone modification. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z Eukaryotic DNA is bound to basic proteins known as histones to form structures called nucleosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “This research brings needed attention to the importance of other epigenetics marks, like histone modifications.” Bipolar drug turns foraging ants into scouts 2015-12-31T05:00:00Z “That result started to convince me that the acetylation of histones may be a direct cause of gene activation,” he says. Epigenetics: The genome unwrapped : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-12-01T05:00:00Z Researchers at the University of Edinburgh found some characteristics are determined by histones, the protein spools found in cells which DNA strands wrap around to form the characteristic double helix. DNA Doesn’t Decide Everything in Children’s Genes 2015-04-07T04:00:00Z When the histone modification was chemically blocked, the mice were less likely to become addicted. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z The DNA is tightly packaged around charged histone proteins at repeated intervals. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When a treatment resulted in greater histone acetylation in the ants, minors revved up foraging and even started taking on the job of the scout caste, looking in new places for food. Bipolar drug turns foraging ants into scouts 2015-12-31T05:00:00Z The researchers looked for features including chemical tweaks to DNA that prime genes to be switched on or off, and alterations to the 'histone' proteins around which DNA is wrapped. Epigenome: The symphony in your cells 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Many histones combine together to form chromatin, which in turn is further condensed to form chromosomes. DNA Doesn’t Decide Everything in Children’s Genes 2015-04-07T04:00:00Z “In Tetrahymena, the histones did not seem passive at all,” he said. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z Also, the separation of the DNA strand is different as histones are involved. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Moreover, the work shows the power of histone acetylation, in addition to methylation. Bipolar drug turns foraging ants into scouts 2015-12-31T05:00:00Z Other factors that modulate chromatin organization also remain to be investigated — the proteins responsible for chromatin remodelling, for example, and the chaperone proteins associated with histone variants that control assembly and disassembly of chromatin14. Epigenomics: Roadmap for regulation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z The scientists introduced changes to the histone proteins, causing it to switch off nearby genes, and the effect was passed on when the yeast reproduced. DNA Doesn’t Decide Everything in Children’s Genes 2015-04-07T04:00:00Z “We became interested in the process of histone modification,” he said. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z Also, the separation of the DNA strand is different as histones are involved. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z We next studied the relationship between tissues and cell types, based on the similarity of diverse histone modification marks evaluated in their relevant chromatin states. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Bound transcription factors recruit co-regulators, many of which deposit or remove modifications on histones. Epigenomics: Roadmap for regulation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Shown to the right is the level of mRNA-seq data for each allele of the FAM65B gene, the level of histone acetylation at the allelic enhancer bait region. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z “First, changing histones can change the activity of a gene without affecting the sequence of the DNA.” The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z Also, the separation of the DNA strand is different as histones are involved. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Allelic histone acetylation at enhancers is highly specific to individual genotypes, and often occurs near sequence variants that alter transcription factor binding, suggesting cis-acting sequence drivers for at least a subset of these regions61, 72. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z At the core of chromatin is an eight-subunit protein complex composed of histones. Epigenomics: Roadmap for regulation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Shown to the right is the level of mRNA-seq data for each allele of the FAM65B gene, the level of histone acetylation at the allelic enhancer bait region. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z “So imagine that you tighten some parts of the DNA and loosen other parts by changing the structures of the histones,” Reinberg said. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z Also, the separation of the DNA strand is different as histones are not involved. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z MACSv2.0.10 was also used to call narrow peaks using the same settings specified above for the histone mark narrow peak calling. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z For instance, three studies investigate the histone modifications associated with disease6, 7, 8. Epigenomics: Roadmap for regulation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z The vector of histone modification values was calculated as follows. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Yet, as DNA methyl groups or histone modifications get shifted around those gene sequences, the worker transforms into a gamergate, and virtually everything about the insect’s physiology and behavior changes. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z In eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotes, DNA forms a complex with histone proteins to form chromatin, the substance of eukaryotic chromosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z We used chromatin states to study the relationship between histone modification patterns, RNA expression levels, DNA methylation and DNA accessibility. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z For the histone ChIP experiments, we used similar approaches to ref. Dissecting neural differentiation regulatory networks through epigenetic footprinting : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-12-23T05:00:00Z Extended-read counts were computed within all regions in the master peak list of a histone mark for all pseudo-replicates in all conditions and the table of counts was used as input to DEseq2. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z The coils of DNA seemed to open and close in response to histone modifications—inhaling, exhaling, inhaling, like life. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z Given the representation of samples available, we systematically examined histone modifications at different classes of ERVs. Integrative analysis of haplotype-resolved epigenomes across human tissues : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z The most predictive motifs were those of factors associated with specific histone modifications or specific cell types, and were found within peak regions enriched for chromatin marks and at their boundaries. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z For differential enrichment analysis of histone marks between consecutive conditions, we used the R package diffBind48. Dissecting neural differentiation regulatory networks through epigenetic footprinting : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-12-23T05:00:00Z We used the DEseq2 method that models read count statistics from replicates across multiple conditions to identify differentially expressed genes and regions of enrichment of histone marks37. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z “Two features of histone modifications are notable,” Allis said. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z These sites possessed histone modification signatures of active enhancers in some tissue/cell types but were enriched with active promoter marks in others. Integrative analysis of haplotype-resolved epigenomes across human tissues : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z We integrate information about histone marks, DNA methylation, DNA accessibility and RNA expression to infer high-resolution maps of regulatory elements annotated jointly across a total of 127 reference epigenomes spanning diverse cell and tissue types. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Substantial variation also exists in the epigenomic landscape of different tissues, specifically in patterns of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, gene expression and DNA replication timing7, 8, 9, 10. Cell-of-origin chromatin organization shapes the mutational landscape of cancer : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z The minimal recommended depth for sufficient sensitivity of peak detection for histone marks for the human or mouse genome is ~20 million mapped reads33. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z He explored how modified histones were copied when a cell divides, right down to the molecular level. The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z Units with no signal in top 100 map units for every histone modification are listed as none. A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-18T05:00:00Z We find that combinations of histone modification marks are highly informative of the methylation and accessibility levels of different genomic regions, while the converse is not always true. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z By adding certain compounds, known as histone marks, to the histones, a cell opens up a stretch of DNA. Tiny, Vast Windows Into Human DNA 2014-09-01T04:00:00Z The results of the RNA-seq analysis are found in Supplementary Table 1, while the results of the histone mark analysis are in Supplementary Table 2. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z “The genes that were turned ‘on’ were invariably associated with one form of histone, while the genes that were turned ‘off’ were invariably associated with a different form of histone.” The Science of Identity and Difference 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z To identify potential cis-regulatory regions in the mouse genome, we used three complementary approaches that involved mapping of chromatin accessibility, specific transcription factor occupancy sites and histone modification patterns. A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-18T05:00:00Z Filtered data sets were then merged across technical/biological replicates, and where necessary to obtain a single consolidated sample for every histone mark or DNase-seq in each standardized epigenome. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z They also mapped the histone marks and located the transcription factors latching onto the DNA. Tiny, Vast Windows Into Human DNA 2014-09-01T04:00:00Z For each category of histone mark direction and temporal pattern, we examined the enrichment of each category of CK-p25 gene expression change relative to unchanging genes. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Left, relative importance of the histone marks in organism-specific models and the universal model. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome across distant species : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-08-26T04:00:00Z The enriched histone modifications in each state are summarized in the first column. A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-18T05:00:00Z Genome function is dynamically regulated in part by chromatin, which consists of the histones, non-histone proteins and RNA molecules that package DNA. Comparative analysis of metazoan chromatin organization : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-08-26T04:00:00Z The scientists also found that histone marks control DNA in much the same way in all three species. Tiny, Vast Windows Into Human DNA 2014-09-01T04:00:00Z Our definitions are consistent with known roles of these histone modifications40. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Top, normalized correlations of two representative histone marks with expression. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome across distant species : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-08-26T04:00:00Z Instead of gene expression levels, we selected the histone modification H3K27ac as an indicator of promoter or enhancer activity as previously reported56. A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-18T05:00:00Z We find that combinatorial patterns of histone modifications are largely conserved. Comparative analysis of metazoan chromatin organization : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-08-26T04:00:00Z By improving their understanding of histones and other controls on genes, scientists may be able to gain clues to the causes of diseases. Tiny, Vast Windows Into Human DNA 2014-09-01T04:00:00Z Defining the boundaries of the regulatory regions using the peaks of the relevant histone modifications, and not the chromatin states, maximizes our power to detect changes in histone mark levels. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Top, normalized correlations of two representative histone marks with expression. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome across distant species : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-08-26T04:00:00Z Units with no signal in top 100 map units for every histone modification are listed as none. A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-18T05:00:00Z The modern study of gene regulation started in the 1950s, but researchers only started to unravel the complex array of histone modifications that fine-tune chromatin control of gene expression 20 years ago. The “Crisis” in Scientific Results Is a Matter of Biology 2014-05-14T04:00:00Z The asymmetric binding and the location of histone H1 in chromatin play a role in the formation of the 30-nanometer fiber. [Research Article] Cryo-EM Study of the Chromatin Fiber Reveals a Double Helix Twisted by Tetranucleosomal Units 2014-04-29T14:56:26.158Z Within the DEseq2 framework of generalized linear models, we used a combination of different models to determine the significantly regulated genes and significantly regulated histone mark levels. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Left, relative importance of the histone marks in organism-specific models and the universal model. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome across distant species : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-08-26T04:00:00Z In all cell types, the low-expressed genes were almost uniformly in chromatin states with the repressive H3K27me3 mark or in the state unmarked by these histone modifications. A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-18T05:00:00Z Acetyl and methyl groups can attach to histones and affect the expression of nearby DNA. Epigenetics: The sins of the father 2014-03-05T18:50:37.761Z Upon activation, the transcription factor AG displaces Polycomb proteins, and the repressive histone marks are lost with cell cycle progression. [Research Article] Timing Mechanism Dependent on Cell Division Is Invoked by Polycomb Eviction in Plant Stem Cells 2014-01-30T19:25:55.422Z Other proteins called histones act like spools for the 2 meters of DNA, about 6.5 feet, crammed into every tiny nucleus in our bodies. Mice inherit an induced fear in intriguing experiment 2013-12-08T02:57:34Z Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies showed that within the hippocampal formation, dysfunction was selectively observed in the DG, and this corresponded to a regionally selective decrease in histone acetylation. [Research Articles] Molecular Mechanism for Age-Related Memory Loss: The Histone-Binding Protein RbAp48 2013-08-28T18:25:07.930Z The same problem afflicts another class of agents, known as histone deacetylase inhibitors, which modify DNA-associated proteins called histones, he says. Drug development: Target practice 2013-06-26T17:20:53.647Z If the mechanism involves DNA methylation, histones or RNA, the field is likely to make great progress in the next few years, Rando predicts. Epigenetics: The sins of the father 2014-03-05T18:50:37.761Z The binding sites for AG in the upstream region are located within the PRE sequences required for the repressive histone modification. [Research Article] Timing Mechanism Dependent on Cell Division Is Invoked by Polycomb Eviction in Plant Stem Cells 2014-01-30T19:25:55.422Z The notes essentially said things such as: "This part binds a protein"; "This part is often tagged with methyl groups"; and "This part is usually tucked away, wound around a protein called a histone." Friction over Function: Scientists Clash on the Meaning of ENCODE s Genetic Data 2013-04-12T10:45:00.533Z Some molecules, such as methyl groups, physically block cellular machinery from reading the genetic instructions in certain segments of DNA; some enzymes loosen the bonds between histones and DNA, making particular genes more accessible. Will Cloning Ever Save Endangered Animals? 2013-03-11T11:15:00.737Z This paper cites a study that found a very small proportion of possible histone modifications associated with function. ENCODE, Apple Maps and function: Why definitions matter 2013-02-21T23:15:00.343Z In 2011, researchers reported that, in nematode worms, certain histone marks correlate with long life and can be passed down through several generations. Epigenetics: The sins of the father 2014-03-05T18:50:37.761Z Archaea do this too, but they also wrap their DNA around proteins called histones that, again, look like simpler versions of the histones around which eukaryotes wrap their DNA. Archaea Are More Wonderful Than You Know 2013-01-12T18:15:05.413Z "From our knowledge of how the histone code works with in other organisms, we think the marks on the histone proteins might act as one of the switches that control how the larvae develop." Honey bees' genetic code unlocked 2012-12-11T09:30:01Z Each of those stem cells contains a copy of the exact same genome packaged into chromosomes—tight bundles of DNA and histone proteins. Will Cloning Ever Save Endangered Animals? 2013-03-11T11:15:00.737Z The histones then undergo certain chemical modifications called post-translational modifications that cause the DNA to unpack and be expressed. ENCODE, Apple Maps and function: Why definitions matter 2013-02-21T23:15:00.343Z One route might be chemical marks on histones, the proteins around which DNA wraps. Epigenetics: The sins of the father 2014-03-05T18:50:37.761Z That suggests it is the acetylation of H3 histones rather than the methylation of DNA itself that is creating the effect. Epigenetics and health: Grandma’s curse 2012-11-01T16:03:12Z The change is suggested to be the result of a "histone code" - a process that sees genetic changes made to proteins called histones within cells' nuclei. Honey bees' genetic code unlocked 2012-12-11T09:30:01Z Inside each cell an assortment of molecules and enzymes interacts with DNA and histones to change gene expression. Will Cloning Ever Save Endangered Animals? 2013-03-11T11:15:00.737Z “Function” as proximity to regions of open chromatin In contrast to histone-packaged DNA, open chromatin regions are not bound by histones. ENCODE, Apple Maps and function: Why definitions matter 2013-02-21T23:15:00.343Z DNA, which provides the blueprint for living organisms, is wrapped tightly around proteins called histones, which were long thought to be an inert packing material. Quantum teleportation tipped for Nobel Prize: Thomson Reuters 2012-09-19T04:11:51Z Strictly speaking, it refers to the regulation of gene expression by the chemical modification of DNA, or of the histone proteins in which DNA is usually wrapped. Epigenetics and health: Grandma’s curse 2012-11-01T16:03:12Z The shape decomposition process is strand aware. b, Summary of shape asymmetry for DNase I, nucleosome and histone modification signals by plotting an asymmetry ratio for each signal over all transcription-factor-binding sites. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z The enzyme has little effect on the DNA that hugs histones, but it chops up DNA that is bound to other regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors. ENCODE: The human encyclopaedia 2012-09-05T17:20:34.310Z Named JQ1 after Qi, the compound slips into a groove of BRD4, preventing it from binding to acetylated histones and activating genes. Cancer research: Open ambition 2012-08-08T17:20:31.413Z Grunstein and his colleagues showed that part of one of the histones in yeast is essential for the control of specific genes, which was the first demonstration of a direct interaction between histones and DNA. Quantum teleportation tipped for Nobel Prize: Thomson Reuters 2012-09-19T04:11:51Z Which crucial genes these histones surround remains obscure. Epigenetics and health: Grandma’s curse 2012-11-01T16:03:12Z This indicates that most transcription-factor-bound chromatin events correlate with structured, directional patterns of histone modifications, and that promoter directionality is not the only source of orientation at these sites. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z Experiments looking at histone modifications, for example, reveal patterns that correspond with the borders of the DNaseI-sensitive sites. ENCODE: The human encyclopaedia 2012-09-05T17:20:34.310Z This enzyme attaches methyl groups to histone proteins, which are part of the chromosomal packaging. Cancer and epigenetics: Cancer?s epicentre 2012-04-03T16:18:14Z We identified several known oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes with histone modifications and altered DNA methylation that correlated with changes in gene expression. A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic and epigenetic analyses 2012-01-18T18:21:09.930Z Certain epigenetic modifications, such as the binding of methyl groups to histone proteins, the bobbins around which DNA is wound for chromatin packaging, are responsible for holding the fiber in an open state. Epigenetics: A Turning Point in our Understanding of Heredity 2012-01-16T16:45:00.190Z The shape decomposition process is strand aware. b, Summary of shape asymmetry for DNase I, nucleosome and histone modification signals by plotting an asymmetry ratio for each signal over all transcription-factor-binding sites. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z The cell line GM12878, for example, was created from blood cells using a virus that drives the cells to reproduce, and histones or other factors may bind abnormally to its amped-up genome. ENCODE: The human encyclopaedia 2012-09-05T17:20:34.310Z Such overactivity methylates histones more than they should be and thus silences the genes they surround, including so-called tumour-suppressor genes whose job is to stop the uncontrolled cell growth that causes cancer. Cancer and epigenetics: Cancer?s epicentre 2012-04-03T16:18:14Z Despite this diversity, the prevalence of mutations in genes involving cytokine receptor and RAS signalling, haematopoietic development and histone modification suggests a common pathogenesis for the establishment of the ETP leukaemic clone. The genetic basis of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2012-01-11T18:21:11.777Z Nicotine loosens chromatin, a complex material in which DNA is packaged up by histones and other proteins, by enhancing a process called histone acetylation, catalyzed by acetylase enzymes. Smoking Stokes Cocaine Cravings 2011-11-03T21:15:10.113Z All histone modifications measured in this study show predominantly asymmetric patterns at transcription-factor-binding sites. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z They examined patterns of chemical modifications made to histone proteins, which help to package DNA into chromosomes and can signal regions where gene expression is boosted or suppressed. ENCODE: The human encyclopaedia 2012-09-05T17:20:34.310Z In normal cells, the BRCA1 protein keeps these regions silent by tagging histones, or DNA packaging proteins, with a molecule called ubiquitin. Normal Breast-Cancer Gene Keeps Cancer at Bay by Blocking DNA Replication 2011-09-07T23:45:05.613Z A notable finding was a high frequency of somatic alterations targeting histone modification in ETP ALL. The genetic basis of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2012-01-11T18:21:11.777Z Genes with roles in histone modification were frequent targets of somatic mutation. Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2011-08-17T17:21:43.793Z We developed predictive models similar to those used to model transcriptional activity to explore the relationship between levels of histone modification and inclusion of exons in alternately spliced transcripts. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z Histones are proteins that regulate DNA packing, and histone deacetylases are enzymes that control the way those proteins work. AIDS: No hiding place 2011-07-21T11:24:00Z When the researchers added artificial ubiquitin–histone complexes to the mutant cells, the cells recovered, suggesting this was indeed the Brca1 gene's core function. Normal Breast-Cancer Gene Keeps Cancer at Bay by Blocking DNA Replication 2011-09-07T23:45:05.613Z There is increasing evidence that signal transduction pathways directly talk to chromatin-remodeling complexes and histone modifiers. Readers Respond to "How to Fix the Obesity Crisis" and Other Articles 2011-05-20T14:15:05.883Z The basics have been known for decades: DNA double helices coil around proteins called histones, forming 'chromatin' strands that in turn are bundled into chromosomes. Genomics: Genomes in three dimensions 2011-02-09T18:22:32.850Z This may be due to preferential capture of accessible alleles and/or the specific histone modification and transcription factor, assays used in the project. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z Positional correlation analysis identified relationships between histone marks and nucleosome physical properties. [Research Article] Identification of Functional Elements and Regulatory Circuits by Drosophila modENCODE 2011-01-05T15:57:51.363Z To integrate chromatin with other types of modENCODE data, we sought to relate the patterns of histone marks with the observed TF-binding sites. [Research Article] Integrative Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome by the modENCODE Project 2011-01-05T01:55:48.427Z An incoming factor may also be a histone modifier protein that more permanently marks a region to be open or closed. Readers Respond to "How to Fix the Obesity Crisis" and Other Articles 2011-05-20T14:15:05.883Z Researchers have long known that DNA sequences and histones are tagged with chemical modifications that turn genes on and off; the cataloguing of such 'epigenetic' modifications is well under way. Genomics: Genomes in three dimensions 2011-02-09T18:22:32.850Z Excluding RNA elements and broad histone elements, 44.2% of the genome is covered. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z We developed a predictive model for active promoters in cell lines using positional enrichments of 18 histone marks, ORC complex localization, and nucleosome stability and turnover in the 1-kb regions surrounding validated active promoters. [Research Article] Identification of Functional Elements and Regulatory Circuits by Drosophila modENCODE 2011-01-05T15:57:51.363Z Using data for 18 different histone modifications in a D. melanogaster cell line, the modENCODE Consortium identified 30 chromatin states that are associated with different gene expression patterns and gene positions. [Perspective] Genetics: Revealing the Dark Matter of the Genome 2011-01-05T01:55:35.240Z In order to determine whether losing histones is a cause of aging, the researchers studied yeast lacking a protein called Asf1. A Cellular Secret to Long Life 2010-09-10T14:06:00Z Three groups of simple proteins, the histones, the protamines, and the albuminoids, which are quite common in animal tissues, are entirely unknown in plants. The Chemistry of Plant Life In contrast to the profiles of histone modifications, most transcription factors show enriched binding signals in a narrow DNA region near the TSS, with relatively higher binding signals in promoters with higher CpG content. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z It is remarkable that many histones are soluble in an excess of alkali. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 From coenobia or social unions of these afterwards arose the lowest histones, multicellular plants and animals. Monism as Connecting Religion and Science A Man of Science The lack of histones is responsible for the shorter life-spans, the team demonstrated. A Cellular Secret to Long Life 2010-09-10T14:06:00Z And making extra histones in normal yeast extended life-span up to 50 percent. A Cellular Secret to Long Life 2010-09-10T14:06:00Z We assayed chromosomal locations for up to 12 histone modifications and variants in 46 cell types, including a complete matrix of eight modifications across tier 1 and tier 2. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z Exactly how histones determine how long yeast will live is still unknown. A Cellular Secret to Long Life 2010-09-10T14:06:00Z In the new study, the team found that the histone life-extension process is likely independent of other known mechanisms for increasing life-span. A Cellular Secret to Long Life 2010-09-10T14:06:00Z Adding back histones made yeast without Asf1 live 65 percent longer. A Cellular Secret to Long Life 2010-09-10T14:06:00Z But histones’ relationship to caloric restriction—a much-studied way of increasing life-span by cutting energy consumption while still giving an animal all the nutrients needed for survival—is more complicated. A Cellular Secret to Long Life 2010-09-10T14:06:00Z All histone modifications measured in this study show predominantly asymmetric patterns at transcription-factor-binding sites. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z Some evidence suggests that mice also lose histones as they age. A Cellular Secret to Long Life 2010-09-10T14:06:00Z |
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