| 单词 | RNA polymerase |
| 例句 | Termination liberates the mRNA and occurs by mechanisms that stall the RNA polymerase and cause it to fall off the DNA template. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z However, if the repressor is inactivated, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, and transcription of the structural genes occurs. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Transcription factors are proteins that affect the binding of RNA polymerase to a particular gene on the DNA molecule. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Babaian and colleagues performed their search by hunting for matches to the central core of the gene for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is key to the replication of all RNA viruses. New dangers? Computers uncover 100,000 novel viruses in old genetic data 2022-01-26T05:00:00Z The operon also contains a promoter sequence to which the RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription; between the promoter and the three genes is a region called the operator. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This is the region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase first binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Transcription starts when RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA segment. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The RNA polymerase that copies the virus’s genes generally lacks proofreading skills, which makes RNA viruses prone to high mutation rates—up to a million times greater than the DNA-containing cells of their hosts. The coronavirus is mutating—but what determines how quickly? 2021-02-05T05:00:00Z When there is no lactose present, a protein known as a repressor binds to the operator and prevents RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter, except in rare cases. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z One mutation inhibits the ability of RNA polymerase to bind to the lac operon. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase does not bind to DNA just anywhere. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase is an enzyme that adds new nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z So instead the research team sequenced just 440 bases from the gene that codes for a key viral enzyme, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. NIH-halted study unveils its massive analysis of bat coronaviruses 2020-06-01T04:00:00Z Figure 9.16 During elongation, RNA polymerase tracks along the DNA template, synthesizes mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction, and unwinds then rewinds the DNA as it is read. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This opens the chromosomal region to allow access for RNA polymerase and other proteins, called transcription factors, to bind to the promoter region, located just upstream of the gene, and initiate transcription. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The enzyme binds only to promoters, which are regions of DNA with specific base sequences that can bind to RNA polymerase. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The compound blocks the action of a viral enzyme called an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Coronavirus research updates: Trump’s favoured drug shows no benefit — but another drug does 2020-05-24T04:00:00Z Two teams looked at the action and structure of a viral enzyme called an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Daily briefing: More than 1 billion people face unbearable temperatures within 50 years 2020-05-04T04:00:00Z This allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter and freely transcribe the three genes, allowing the organism to metabolize the lactose. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z However, unlike prokaryotic cells, the eukaryotic RNA polymerase requires other proteins, or transcription factors, to facilitate transcription initiation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When the products of the gene are needed, the repressor detaches from the operator so that RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter and transcription can take place. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Whether this mechanism also requires chromatin modifications, RNA polymerase II, actively transcribed RNA or other factors should be addressed in the future. How to silence an X chromosome 2020-02-04T05:00:00Z For example, a biologist understands gene transcription by identifying specific transcription factors, their binding sites, the role of RNA polymerase and the genes that get activated. Thirteen tips for engaging with physicists, as told by a biologist 2020-01-05T05:00:00Z These histones are a component of chromatin, and mark sites in the genome of T. brucei at which the synthesis of RNA transcripts by the enzyme RNA polymerase II is terminated19. Chromatin clues to the trypanosome parasite’s uniform coat 2018-10-16T04:00:00Z Activator control, typified by the action of CAP, increases the binding ability of RNA polymerase to the promoter when CAP is bound. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Genes are expressed when RNA polymerase can bind to mRNA at the promoter, and they are not expressed when a repressor binds to the mRNA at the operator. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z RNA is a molecule allied to DNA, and is produced when DNA is read by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The ramifications of a new type of gene 2018-02-22T05:00:00Z Felton-Edkins, Z. A. & White, R. J. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the activation of RNA polymerase III transcription in cells transformed by papovaviruses. Molecular mechanism of promoter opening by RNA polymerase III 2018-01-16T05:00:00Z They capture a fundamental part of all plant and animal life, called RNA polymerase III, reading the genetic instructions contained in DNA. Chemistry 'Van Gogh' could help with cancer 2018-01-17T05:00:00Z CAP then binds the promoter, which allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter better. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When lactose is not present, the lac repressor binds to the O region and RNA polymerase cannot reach the lac genes to begin transcription. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase I is a key determinant for the level of all ribosome components. RNA polymerase III limits longevity downstream of TORC1 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z A region of Bdp1 necessary for transcription initiation that is located within the RNA polymerase III active site cleft. Molecular mechanism of promoter opening by RNA polymerase III 2018-01-16T05:00:00Z Structure of the complete elongation complex of RNA polymerase II with basal factors. Structural basis for the initiation of eukaryotic transcription-coupled DNA repair 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z Therefore, eukaryotic cells can control whether a gene is expressed by controlling accessibility to transcription factors and the binding of RNA polymerase to initiate transcription. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter and transcribe the genes of the operon. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z These foci associate with alkylated nucleotides, and coincide spatially with elongating RNA polymerase II and splicing components. A ubiquitin-dependent signalling axis specific for ALKBH-mediated DNA dealkylation repair 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Structural basis of RNA polymerase I transcription initiation. Molecular mechanism of promoter opening by RNA polymerase III 2018-01-16T05:00:00Z Crystal structure of a transcribing RNA polymerase II complex reveals a complete transcription bubble. Structural basis for the initiation of eukaryotic transcription-coupled DNA repair 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z The strands separate, and one of them is used as a template for the generation of mRNA using the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase encoded by the virus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But it was also reminiscent of a false dawn involving another substance, etnangien, which was discovered in 2007 and which also inhibits RNA polymerase. A new antibiotic for drug-resistant tuberculosis 2017-06-22T04:00:00Z When the promoter upstream of the GFP gene was activated, the RNA polymerase ran headfirst into the termination sequence, stopped reading the DNA, and didn’t produce the fluorescent protein. Scientists turn mammalian cells into complex biocomputers 2017-03-27T04:00:00Z Molecular structures of transcribing RNA polymerase I. Mol. Molecular mechanism of promoter opening by RNA polymerase III 2018-01-16T05:00:00Z RNA polymerase II transcriptional fidelity control and its functional interplay with DNA modifications. Structural basis for the initiation of eukaryotic transcription-coupled DNA repair 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z Primase synthesizes DNA primer which is used by RNA polymerase to form a parent strand. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It was thus they discovered gladiolin, which shuts down bacterial versions of the gene for an enzyme called RNA polymerase that is crucial for life. A new antibiotic for drug-resistant tuberculosis 2017-06-22T04:00:00Z RNA polymerase uses a “discriminator” element and promoter “scrunching” to help choose where to start transcription. Multiplexed protein-DNA cross-linking: Scrunching in transcription start site selection | Science 2016-03-03T05:00:00Z Carter, R. & Drouin, G. The increase in the number of subunits in eukaryotic RNA polymerase III relative to RNA polymerase II is due to the permanent recruitment of general transcription factors. Molecular mechanism of promoter opening by RNA polymerase III 2018-01-16T05:00:00Z Molecular basis for 5-carboxycytosine recognition by RNA polymerase II elongation complex. Structural basis for the initiation of eukaryotic transcription-coupled DNA repair 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z RNA polymerase will not be able to attach. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The drug inhibits the virus’s RNA polymerase, preventing viral replication. Targeted drugs to tackle hepatitis C 2013-05-01T17:20:31.760Z RNA polymerase uses a “discriminator” element and promoter “scrunching” to help choose where to start transcription. Multiplexed protein-DNA cross-linking: Scrunching in transcription start site selection | Science 2016-03-03T05:00:00Z The subunit structure of the RNA polymerase is quite constant among the true bacteria, whereas the archaebacterial polymerase structure is different. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z RNA polymerase II bypass of oxidative DNA damage is regulated by transcription elongation factors. Structural basis for the initiation of eukaryotic transcription-coupled DNA repair 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z RNA polymerase will bind upstream of the promoter sequence. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Transcription initiation requires the binding of multi-protein complexes that position RNA polymerase II. An expansive human regulatory lexicon encoded in transcription factor footprints 2012-09-05T17:21:56.447Z With the exception of RNA polymerase II and CTCF, the addition of transcription factor data did not substantially alter these patterns. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z These proteins form the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex responsible for transcription and replication of the viral genome. [Special Issue Report] Airborne Transmission of Influenza A/H5N1 Virus Between Ferrets 2012-06-21T18:26:51.147Z RNA polymerase II senses obstruction in the DNA minor groove via a conserved sensor motif. Structural basis for the initiation of eukaryotic transcription-coupled DNA repair 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z First, transcription in eukaryotes involves one of three types of RNA polymerase, depending on the gene being transcribed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The results are therefore consistent with a model in which a limited number of sequence-specific factors function both to prime the chromatin template for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and to guide transcriptional positioning. An expansive human regulatory lexicon encoded in transcription factor footprints 2012-09-05T17:21:56.447Z By using a PCR-based cloning strategy, we inserted the mutagenized region into its respective vector containing the VN1203 HA gene between the human RNA polymerase I promoter and mouse RNA polymerase I terminator sequences. Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets 2012-06-20T17:22:43.540Z Without RNA polymerase this set of reactions would occur very slowly, and there would be little guarantee that the RNA and DNA molecules would be complementary. The Fundamental Physical Limits of Computation 2011-06-01T17:45:02.143Z Figure 15.8 During elongation, the prokaryotic RNA polymerase tracks along the DNA template, synthesizes mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction, and unwinds and rewinds the DNA as it is read. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 15.10 A generalized promoter of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is shown. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase II is responsible for transcribing the overwhelming majority of eukaryotic genes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase III is also located in the nucleus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Although RNA polymerase merely copies information without processing it, it is relatively easy to imagine how a hypothetical chemical Turing machine might work. The Fundamental Physical Limits of Computation 2011-06-01T17:45:02.143Z RNA polymerase I is completely insensitive to α-amanitin, meaning that the polymerase can transcribe DNA in vitro in the presence of this poison. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Basal transcription factors are crucial in the formation of a preinitiation complex on the DNA template that subsequently recruits RNA polymerase II for transcription initiation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In these operons, a CAP binding site is located upstream of the RNA polymerase binding site in the promoter. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This increases the binding ability of RNA polymerase to the promoter region and the transcription of the genes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase binds to the transcription initiation complex, allowing transcription to occur. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Once this complex is assembled, RNA polymerase can bind to its upstream sequence. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Genes that are transcribed by RNA polymerase III have upstream promoters or promoters that occur within the genes themselves. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This shape change allows for the interaction of the activators bound to the enhancers with the transcription factors bound to the promoter region and the RNA polymerase. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Tryptophan binds to RNA polymerase, and RNA synthesis proceeds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A primer, RNA polymerase and all four nucleotides are added. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The RNA genome is replicated by an RNA dependent RNA polymerase which is virally encoded. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As discussed previously, RNA polymerase II transcribes the major share of eukaryotic genes, so this section will focus on how this polymerase accomplishes elongation and termination. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Transcription continues until RNA polymerase reaches a stop or terminator sequence at the end of the gene. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In contrast, RNA polymerase II is extremely sensitive to α-amanitin, and RNA polymerase III is moderately sensitive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Because RNA polymerase II transcribes the vast majority of genes, we will focus on this polymerase in our subsequent discussions about eukaryotic transcription factors and promoters. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase II then binds and forms the transcription initiation complex. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase binds to the operator, and RNA synthesis is blocked. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I contain a specific 18-nucleotide sequence that is recognized by a termination protein. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Would you be able to determine which RNA polymerase you isolated from a eukaryotic cell without analyzing its products? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The trp operon is an example of repressible control because it uses proteins bound to the operator sequence to physically prevent the binding of RNA polymerase. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This physically blocks the RNA polymerase from transcribing the tryptophan genes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 15.7 The σ subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase recognizes consensus sequences found in the promoter region upstream of the transcription start sight. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Binding of the tryptophan–repressor complex at the operator physically prevents the RNA polymerase from binding, and transcribing the downstream genes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase by itself cannot initiate transcription in eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Transcription factors must bind to the promoter region first and recruit RNA polymerase to the site for transcription to be established. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z DNA unwinds, transcription factors bind, and RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the mRNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA polymerase will bind downstream of the promoter sequence. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When bound along with the transcription factors, RNA polymerase is phosphorylated. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Repressive control, typified by the trp operon, uses proteins bound to the operator sequence to physically prevent the binding of RNA polymerase and the activation of transcription. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Only when both conditions are met will RNA polymerase bind to the promoter to induce transcription. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The RNA polymerase will not bind the promoter. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Instead, the RNA polymerase acts as a stable linker between the DNA template and the nascent RNA strands to ensure that elongation is not interrupted prematurely. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These RNA polymerase enzymes are more likely to make copying errors than DNA polymerases, and therefore often make mistakes during transcription. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z |
| 随便看 |
英语例句辞典收录了117811条英语例句在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的例句翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。