| 单词 | Devonian |
| 例句 | Devonian is of course from the English county of Devon. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z Some sense of the strength of feeling can be gained by glancing through the chapter titles of Martin J. S. Rudwick’s excellent and somber account of the issue, The Great Devonian Controversy. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z We have five fingers because we have descended from a Devonian fish that had five phalanges or bones in its fins. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z No fossil evidence suggests that a giant ground sloth ever composed a symphony or that a Devonian fish split the atom even once. ‘The Skin of Our Teeth’ Review: A Party for the End of the World 2022-04-25T04:00:00Z Their leaves, meanwhile, drew down carbon dioxide from the Devonian atmosphere — enough, evidence suggests, to induce an ice age. When Woolly Mammoths Roamed the Earth 2017-12-27T05:00:00Z Shifts in sea levels during the Early-Middle Devonian period probably disrupted natural ocean barriers that had kept waters cooler at the South Pole. Waves of change: How sea-levels and climate altered the marine ecosystems at the South Pole 390-385 million years ago 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z Extinction intensity spikes at boundaries between periods, including the end of the Ordovician, late Devonian, end of the Permian, end of the Triassic, and end of the Cretaceous periods. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Amphibians evolved in the Devonian period and were the earliest terrestrial tetrapods. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z It was a champagne moment for the Devonians, built on the back of young homegrown talent. Last swansong for homegrown Exeter talent? 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z But by the end of the Devonian, more than half of all Earth's species had disappeared in a series of mass extinctions. Tree Roots May Have Set Off a Mass Extinction 2023-03-14T04:00:00Z Shifts in sea levels during the Early-Middle Devonian period probably disrupted natural ocean barriers that had kept waters cooler at the South Pole. Waves of change: How sea-levels and climate altered the marine ecosystems at the South Pole 390-385 million years ago 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z The ability of gnathostomes to exploit new nutrient sources likely is one reason that they replaced most jawless fishes during the Devonian period. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This clade arose approximately 370 million years ago in the middle Devonian. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z And even a shorter Dunkleosteus was still the undisputed king of Devonian seas. Dunk Was Chunky, but Still Deadly 2023-03-04T05:00:00Z They measured a gradual phosphorus decrease in sediment layers from the middle to late Devonian, punctuated by sudden spikes of the mineral with evidence of corresponding oxygen depletion. Tree Roots May Have Set Off a Mass Extinction 2023-03-14T04:00:00Z It is still unknown if this extinction event can be correlated with known extinction events at the same time elsewhere during the Early-Middle Devonian as researchers simply do not have any real good age inferences. Waves of change: How sea-levels and climate altered the marine ecosystems at the South Pole 390-385 million years ago 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z This clade arose approximately 370 million years ago in the early or middle Devonian. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z But by the Devonian Period some 70 million years later, most of these brachiopods, briopods and related well-shelled mariners had gone extinct, victims of theft and their own extravagant ways. The Sad Fate of the Ancient, Well-Shelled Mariners 2022-11-04T04:00:00Z He concluded that all acoustic communication in vertebrates descended from a single ancestor 400 million years ago, which was the Devonian period when most species lived under water. Secret communication of sea animals discovered 2022-10-25T04:00:00Z Other hypotheses link the Devonian extinctions to massive volcanic eruptions, meteor impacts or disrupted ocean currents. Tree Roots May Have Set Off a Mass Extinction 2023-03-14T04:00:00Z It is still unknown if this extinction event can be correlated with known extinction events at the same time elsewhere during the Early-Middle Devonian as researchers simply do not have any real good age inferences. Waves of change: How sea-levels and climate altered the marine ecosystems at the South Pole 390-385 million years ago 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z The fossil plant Elkinsia polymorpha, a “seed fern” from the Devonian period—about 400 million years ago—is considered the earliest seed plant known to date. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Jawed fish explode into the fossil record 419-359 million years ago during a period known as the age of fish, or the Devonian. Fossilized Fish Reveal Earliest Known Prequel of ‘Jaws’ 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z The late Devonian extinction may have occurred over a relatively long period of time. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation of Saskatchewan and Manitoba is a good example of this. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z After the start of the Devonian, the Antler orogeny finally caused faulting and basin development, mostly seen across Nevada today. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Amphibians evolved during the Devonian period and were the earliest terrestrial tetrapods. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Although the Late Devonian was a dangerous time to be prey, it was also a place of mental peace — a time before self-awareness and embarrassment. Started Out as a Fish. How Did It End Up Like This? 2022-04-29T04:00:00Z Then, last year, supernova proponents suggested a similar scenario could explain a major extinction event 359 million years ago, at the end of the Devonian period. Exploding stars may have assaulted ancient Earth 2021-07-15T04:00:00Z The Appalachian Mountains would have rivalled the Himalayas in extent and height during the Devonian. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Toward the end of the Devonian, another mass extinction event occurred. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z It starts with the Cambrian period, followed by the Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The fish trundled around in the Late Devonian, an enviously halcyon version of Earth in which the climate was pleasant and mild and the seas were full of fish. Started Out as a Fish. How Did It End Up Like This? 2022-04-29T04:00:00Z Long had been working on Devonian fish fossils from the Gogo Formation in Western Australia for many years. How a 380-Million-Year-Old Fish Gave Us Fingers 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z The Paleozoic strata of the Rockies also include Ordovician, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian sedimentary rocks. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The end-Devonian die-off has long sat in the shadow of the Late Devonian extinction 12 million years earlier, one of the planet’s largest. No asteroids or volcanoes needed: ancient mass extinction tied to ozone loss, warming climate 2020-05-27T04:00:00Z The oldest-known vascular plants have been identified in deposits from the Devonian. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In 1986, she made a chance discovery that defined her career: in the Sedgwick Museum in Cambridge she found fossils of Late Devonian tetrapods from eastern Greenland, collected in the 1960s. Jennifer Clack (1947–2020) 2020-04-21T04:00:00Z It likely was the top predator in its brackish estuary ecosystem during the Devonian Period. Fins of prehistoric fish reveal origins of the human hand 2020-03-19T04:00:00Z Carbonate rocks of Devonian and Carboniferous age have been pushed 80 km to the east and thrust over top of Cretaceous mudstone. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The end of the Devonian period, 359 million years ago, was an eventful time: Fish were inching out of the ocean, and fernlike forests were advancing on land. No asteroids or volcanoes needed: ancient mass extinction tied to ozone loss, warming climate 2020-05-27T04:00:00Z Fossils indicate that by the end of the Devonian period, ferns, horsetails, and seed plants populated the landscape, giving rising to trees and forests. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z She returned with the largest haul of tetrapod fossils ever recovered in one season from the Devonian deposits in Greenland. Jennifer Clack (1947–2020) 2020-04-21T04:00:00Z The discovery is particularly exciting because it comes from a planetary turning point, the Devonian period, when the first forests appeared on Earth. Daily briefing: Oldest fossil trees rewrite the history of forests 2019-12-19T05:00:00Z Gibson’s research indicates it is a piece of Devonian tabulate coral fossil, named after a county in southwestern England. Historical society to display colonial-period madstone 2019-11-28T05:00:00Z As the climate warmed after the Devonian’s last ice age, lakes formed and filled with sediment that slowly turned to mudstone, recording conditions before and during the extinction. No asteroids or volcanoes needed: ancient mass extinction tied to ozone loss, warming climate 2020-05-27T04:00:00Z It lived about 372 million years ago during the Devonian period, and inhabited a shallow lagoon in a landmass that is now part of northwestern Russia. Early tetrapods had an eye on the land 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z He crouched down on a spit of land between Lake Erie and Twelve Mile Creek, sorting through the endless Devonian shale. ‘Mountain man’ found peace, fame, through skipping stones 2019-07-20T04:00:00Z Tetrapods got their start in the water about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period, evolving from fish with fleshy fins. RoboFossil Reveals Locomotion of Beast from Deep Time 2019-01-17T05:00:00Z They were the first fossils of the Devonian period, about 390 million years ago, and were collected and studied in Brazil in 1870. A chronicle of loss at Brazil's National Museum, much of which was destroyed by fire 2018-09-04T04:00:00Z The museum, for example, housed Brachiopods, the first fossils of the Devonian period – approximately 390 million years ago – that collected and studied in Brazil in the 1870s. Brazil's national museum: what could be lost in the fire? 2018-09-03T04:00:00Z And, in the Devonian, it was still provisional. Glimpses of a Mass Extinction in Modern-Day Western New York 2018-07-04T04:00:00Z Next is the Late Devonian extinction which was responsible for around 75% of species being lost. Past extinctions point to a current and future biodiversity crisis 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z This suggests the gap is a product of incomplete collecting in the past rather than an actual hiatus in animal history brought about by the Devonian mass extinction. New fossils illuminate the route that led ultimately to human beings 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z A Devonian ironmonger, Newcomen built his device to pump water out of the south west’s prolific tin mines. Why data is the new coal 2016-09-27T04:00:00Z This led to a race, conducted throughout the Devonian, to be tallest and thus able to capture light without being overshadowed. The rock that rocked the world 2016-01-18T05:00:00Z The first commercial gas well in the United States, drilled into the marine shales of the Devonian in 1826, isn’t far from Lash’s office. Glimpses of a Mass Extinction in Modern-Day Western New York 2018-07-04T04:00:00Z The ancient extinction happened about 359 million years ago, at the end of the Devonian Period. Ancient mass extinction may have shrunk Earth’s creatures 2015-11-12T05:00:00Z Dr. Sallan’s fish appeared to fit the pattern: They shrank after a mass extinction at the end of the Devonian Period, 359 million years ago. After a Mass Extinction, Only the Small Survive 2015-11-12T05:00:00Z New Haven-based Standard Oil operates more than 500 oil and gas wells, principally in the Devonian formations in West Virginia, Kentucky and Ohio. Standard Oil acquires Mountain Country Partners’ assets 2015-04-27T04:00:00Z People across central and southern England fell into the largest group, but many groupings were more isolated, such as the split between Devonians and Cornish in Britain’s southwest. British Isles mapped out by genetic ancestry 2015-03-17T04:00:00Z The great Devonian mass extinction remains something of a mystery. Glimpses of a Mass Extinction in Modern-Day Western New York 2018-07-04T04:00:00Z Its translucent Early Devonian chert sediments are renowned for their exquisite fossils. Ancient arachnid 'walks again' 2014-07-09T04:00:00Z Working with Andrew K. Gallimberti, then an undergraduate at Kalamazoo College, Dr. Sallan studied every known vertebrate species that lived in both the Devonian and Mississippian. After a Mass Extinction, Only the Small Survive 2015-11-12T05:00:00Z Ferns dominated the botanical world for hundreds of millions of years, between the Devonian, about 360m years ago, and the rise, about 120m years ago in the Cretaceous, of the flowering plants familiar today. Fern evolution: Time and chance 2014-04-14T15:19:24Z As a Devonian who lived only metres from the wall when I was small, there is something magical about this stretch of line. Is this the UK's most beautiful stretch of railway? 2014-02-05T15:12:01Z Here’s the end, I thought, noting the change in strata from green-gray to deep black, marking the final extinction pulse of the Devonian cataclysm. Glimpses of a Mass Extinction in Modern-Day Western New York 2018-07-04T04:00:00Z “You can’t separate the evolutionary history of life from the conditions of the world at the time,” said Daeschler, a Late Devonian expert. Fossil reveals transitional link from fins to feet 2014-01-13T17:06:24Z Small vertebrates may have had an evolutionary edge that made them less likely to become extinct at the end of the Devonian. After a Mass Extinction, Only the Small Survive 2015-11-12T05:00:00Z With his keen eye for fossils he detected organic remains in the Morte slates, previously regarded as unfossiliferous, and these he regarded as including representatives of Lower Devonian and Silurian. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z Their remains are found in the Devonian and Carboniferous deposits. Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects 2012-03-28T02:00:31.483Z In the Devonian the moon was ten thousand miles closer, and summoned surging tides that flung fish onto tidal flats, daring them to walk. Glimpses of a Mass Extinction in Modern-Day Western New York 2018-07-04T04:00:00Z The age of Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The ringers in the belfry, knowing, we must suppose, that their vicar was an easy man, a patriot, and a Devonian to boot, were handling the ropes most lustily. With Drake on the Spanish Main 2012-02-20T03:00:17.357Z For a few years before his death he had laboured at the Devonian rocks. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z Much general faulting and folding have resulted from the movement; the thrusting took place in Devonian times. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z “Devonian.”—From the southern boundary of Queensland up to latitude 18 deg. Early Days in North Queensland 2012-01-24T03:00:29.987Z What a magnificent man he really was—a worthy successor of those great freebooting, buccaneering, filibustering Devonians of the grand Elizabethan era! The Beckoning Hand and Other Stories 2012-01-10T03:00:17.100Z He scarcely needed the Devonian trick of wrestling to maintain his advantage; his opponent was already spent. With Drake on the Spanish Main 2012-02-20T03:00:17.357Z We have undoubted fossil evidence that winged insects lived in the Devonian and became numerous in the Carboniferous period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z The Devonian Palaeospondylus gunni has been regarded as a Cyclostome by some authors, but this relationship is at the least doubtful. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The following districts, however, where Devonian rocks prevail, have been the centres of gold mining enterprise:—Lucky Valley, Talgai, Gympie, Calliope, Boyne, Morinish, Rosewood, Mount Wyatt, Broken River, portion of Gilbert. Early Days in North Queensland 2012-01-24T03:00:29.987Z Moreover, well-characterized Orthoptera and Neuroptera occur as early as the Devonian strata; Coleoptera and Hemiptera in the Coal-measures; Hymenoptera and Diptera in the Jurassic; Lepidoptera, on the contrary, not until the Tertiary. On the Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects 2011-12-05T03:00:46.667Z Seizing the man, he lifted him as though he were a child and hurled him over his head in true Devonian style. With Drake on the Spanish Main 2012-02-20T03:00:17.357Z We speedily leave the granite and the culm measures, and are among the rocks of the Devonian series, less stern and forbidding in colour. Cornwall 2011-12-05T03:00:38.530Z Granite prevails, but at Polperro we have cliffs belonging to the Lower Devonian period, and for some ten or twelve miles going west from Chapel Point we find rocks of the Silurian order. Climbing in The British Isles. Vol. 1 - England 2011-11-14T03:00:21.670Z In this article he also advocated the freshwater origin of the Old Red Sandstone, and discussed the relations of that formation, and of the Devonian, to the Silurian and Carboniferous. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z This is especially true for Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Jurassic times in North America. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z I do not believe in the lapse of a long interval of time between the silurian and carboniferous deposits,—in fact, in a Devonian period. 4th. In the Arctic Seas A Narrative of the Discovery of the Fate of Sir John Franklin and his Companions 2011-10-10T02:00:18.377Z Carboniferous and Devonian beds are also found south-east of the Bohemian massif, where lies the extensive coal-field of Silesia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 7 "Geoponici" to "Germany" 2011-09-26T02:00:25.313Z Not even that primeval river which once rushed wildly across the old Devonian rocks just here was more thoughtless as to whither it was going. In a Mysterious Way 2011-09-25T02:00:17.377Z Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian, Permian, Jurassic are of this class, and have been adopted all over the globe. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z Some researchers argue that ticks evolved from mite-like creatures as much as 400 million years ago, in the Devonian. A long lost relative of ticks pops up again 2011-08-30T21:45:04.263Z On the 4th of July we began the climb of the highlands of North Devon, winding about Devonian cliffs toward the land of promise beyond. My Attainment of the Pole 2011-08-05T02:00:54.720Z The Stromatoporæ extend from the Upper Cambrian to the Devonian inclusive. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Below these, we have the Old Red Sandstone or Devonian System, with its peculiar fishes and other fossils. The Plurality of Worlds 2011-06-01T02:00:23.787Z One of the most remarkable faults in Europe is the great thrust which bounds the southern edge of the Belgian coal-field and brings the Devonian rocks above the Coal-measures. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z I looked upon those who dwelt across the Tamar as “uncanny,” as being scarcely to be classed with Christian people, and certainly not to be freely associated with by tailless Devonians. Curious Myths of the Middle Ages 2011-05-19T02:00:06.517Z The Devonian rocks of Pennsylvania, New York, Ontario, etc., also yield large supplies of both oil and gas. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Figs. 77 and 78 show a few of the forms of the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Devonian rocks occupy a large area in Central Europe, as well as in the United States, Eastern Canada, and Nova Scotia. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z Catskill red sandstone; Old Red Sandstone type: the strata below show the Devonian type. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z Across the Bristol Channel from Wales is the Devonian range. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 2: Ebert to Estremadura 2011-04-14T02:00:56.200Z The Carboniferous and Devonian sandstones, usually of a gray colour, of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and neighbouring States, are largely used in the cities of the interior portions of the United States. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z As yet we know no Devonian Palms or Grasses; and only a single specimen has been found indicating the existence of a plant of the highest vegetable class, that of the true 99exogens. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The geological formation of the Old Red Sandstone is so largely developed that the term Devonian has to some extent become its synonym. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z Are not the beings of the Silurian and Devonian epoch prophecies of the forms which were evolved out of them? Studies in the Out-Lying Fields of Psychic Science 2011-04-14T02:00:40.453Z These fishes increase greatly in the next division of rocks, the rocks known as the Devonian system. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z The middle part, or the Devonian, is thaumichthiferous, or containing remarkable fish. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z In the Devonian period114 even these utilities fail, for coal does not seem to have been accumulated to any great extent, and the petroleum of the Devonian appears to have been produced from aquatic vegetation. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Devonian, the geological age between the Silurian and Carboniferous. A Manual of the Antiquity of Man 2011-02-21T03:00:07.080Z The Devonian and Old Red Sandstone are also characterised by the presence of an abundant fauna. Geology 2011-02-20T03:00:12.660Z The oldest rocks of Elba consist of schist and serpentine which in the eastern part of the island are overlaid by beds containing Silurian and Devonian fossils. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z This naturalist has lately found a fossil insect in the Devonian formation of New Brunswick, which is furnished with “the well-known tympanum or stridulating apparatus of the male Locustidæ.” The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Vol. I 2011-01-17T03:00:49.523Z Here we have undoubted remains of fishes belonging to two of the higher orders of the class; and in the succeeding Devonian these became multiplied and extended exceedingly. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z After beating Saracens at Vicarage Road and troubling both Leicester and Northampton on their travels, the Devonians found here that the Premiership will always punish teams who give the ball away repeatedly. Wasps 24-12 Exeter 2010-12-05T20:24:00Z In the Old Red Sandstone are numerous fish remains; it appears to have been an estuarine or lacustrine deposit; the Devonian, on the other hand, was marine, like the Silurian and Cambrian. Geology 2011-02-20T03:00:12.660Z Upon the ancient floor of folded Devonian strata stand numerous small volcanic cones, many of which, though long extinct, are still very perfect in form. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z There is also speculation that one of the oldest Britons in the professional peloton, the Devonian Jeremy Hunt, is in negotiations with Sky. Mark Cavendish plays down his chances to stay under Geelong radar 2010-09-28T22:13:00Z In the Devonian age the Ganoids and Sharks, thus introduced in the Silurian, may be said to culminate. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z "It's been an incredible day, and an incredible rollercoaster way to end the season," said Read, the chirpy Devonian wicketkeeper, champagne still dripping from his cap. Somerset denied after Durham draw 2010-09-16T20:02:00Z “Devonian landscape heterogeneity recorded by a giant fungus.” Bubbles, Bread and Beer 2010-06-23T11:40:00Z Devonian and Carboniferous fossils have been found in several places in the Anti-Taurus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" The greater part of the Ardennes is occupied by a large area of Devonian beds, through which rise the Cambrian masses of Rocroi and Stavelot, and a few others of smaller size. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" This unique specimen, found by Hall in the Devonian of the shores of Lake Erie, is a fragment of mineralised wood, the structures of which are represented in Fig. 94. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Later on he investigated the Carboniferous, Devonian and Silurian formations. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 4 "Aram, Eugene" to "Arcueil" Next comes a period called the Devonian, or Old Red Sandstone, when the Old Red rocks of Devon and Scotland were laid down. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight From the Devonian onwards the beds lie flat or dip at low angles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" The southern boundary of this belt is formed by a great thrust-plane, the faille du midi, along which the Devonian beds of the south have been thrust over the carboniferous beds of the coalfield. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" The Devonian flora seems to have been introduced in the northern parts of the American continent at a time of warm and equable climate, and of elevation of new land out of the Silurian sea. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Some of the older rocks of the mountain regions have been referred to the Devonian, but the evidence cannot be considered conclusive. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" In southern Bolivia Cambrian and Ordovician beds form the greater part of the eastern Andes, but farther north the Devonian and Carboniferous are extensively developed, especially in the north-eastern ranges. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 2 "Bohemia" to "Borgia, Francis" Devonian beds cover a much more extensive area. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Discussion.—Because of the great differences in endocranial structure between the Devonian and Pennsylvanian coelacanths, they are here placed in new subfamilies. A New Genus of Pennsylvania Fish (Crossoperygii, Coelacanthiformes) from Kansas It spread itself to the southward, and was finally destroyed in the great subsidences and disturbances which closed the Devonian age, and which were probably accompanied with refrigeration of climate. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z On top of the Silurian begins the "Devonian" age, in which is found the old red sandstone, as well as limestone and slate; and here begin to be found the fossils of land-plants. Nature's Miracles, Volume 1 Familiar Talks on Science—World-Building and Life. Earth, Air and Water. The Palaeozoic beds have yielded fossils of Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian and Carboniferous age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 2 "Bohemia" to "Borgia, Francis" Devonian beds also lie upon the older rocks in the Matto Grosso and other provinces in the interior of Brazil, where they generally form plateaux of nearly horizontal strata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" The term Devonian has been recently proposed for strata of this age, because in Devonshire they are largely developed, and contain many organic remains. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The Carboniferous age was, even more emphatically than the Devonian, an age of Acrogens and Conifers. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z On top of the Devonian lies the "Carboniferous" series, which complete the series of the primary period. Nature's Miracles, Volume 1 Familiar Talks on Science—World-Building and Life. Earth, Air and Water. The whole region is underlain by nearly horizontal and undisturbed rocks of the Palaeozoic from the Devonian downward. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" Eruptive rocks occur in the Devonian and Carboniferous beds, but there is no evidence of volcanic activity since the Palaeozoic epoch. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" The fossils of the Devonian and Silurian strata in Europe and North America have led to the conclusion, that they were formed for the most part in deep seas, far from land. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The Ferns of the Carboniferous, like those of the Devonian, presented both gigantic forms like those of the tree-ferns of the modern tropics, and delicate herbaceous species, and these in great profusion. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The occurrence of such an advanced and specialized type as that of Syringoxylon in the Middle Devonian should guard us against these errors. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science The volcanic outbursts which followed became feebler in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods and ceased with the Permian. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance" These bands are often concealed by more recent deposits, but it is clear that in this region the Devonian beds form a basin or synclinal with the Amazon for its axis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" In front a delightful and typical Devonian landscape extends itself. The Strife of the Roses and Days of the Tudors in the West Another curious, and till recently little understood, group of Carboniferous trees is that known as Cordaites, which existed already in some of its species in the Devonian. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Some of the forms reckoned as specific in the Devonian and Carboniferous formations may be really derivative races. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science The Devonian strata on the south do not form such lofty elevations as those on the north, and are in consequence, like the plain of Hereford, very fertile and peculiarly adapted for fruit-growing and cider-making. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance" They belong to either the lower or the middle division of the Devonian system. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Devonian rocks in Ohio have yielded fine fossils of gigantic fishes and sharks. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place They are also exceedingly rich in beautifully-preserved remains of Devonian plants. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z No reptilian remains have yet been found in the Devonian rocks. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science The extensive spread of Killas is not, however, entirely Devonian, as it is shown on most maps. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 4 "Coquelin" to "Costume" In the basin of the Lower Amazon the Carboniferous beds lie within the Devonian synclinal and crop out on both sides of the river next to the Devonian bands. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Every Devonian fish of the gar type seems to have had a lung to help out its gill-breathing. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place No other insects of this age have been discovered elsewhere; but it is to be borne in mind that no other locality rich in Devonian plants has probably been so thoroughly explored. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Many are fragments of grit from the Devonian beds of adjacent hills. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science In the northern portion, Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian can be distinguished; the lower beds at Polperro, Looe and Watergate, the higher beds along the line indicated above. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 4 "Coquelin" to "Costume" Thus the old Devonian countryman in need of a house would set to and build it himself—of stone if that were handy and easily worked, of cob if it were not. Cottage Building in Cob, Pisé, Chalk and Clay a Renaissance (2nd edition) The great inland sea that covered the middle portion of the continent during the Silurian and the Devonian periods, became shallow by the deposit of vast quantities of sediment. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place It was not until Devonian and Carboniferous times that the plants became very abundant, as far as the geological records go. The Christian View of the Old Testament Impressions of rain-marks have been found in the shales of the coal measures and Devonian system. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science The trachyte of the Drachenfels was probably the neck of a volcano which burst through the fundamental schists of the Devonian period. Volcanoes: Past and Present There were war-chariots in Kent and in Aberdeenshire, and so far war-chariots were part of the British armoury; but what authority allows us to attribute to the old Cornishmen and Devonians? The Ethnology of the British Islands The Devonian sea was smaller than the Silurian. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place Mr. Froude was the tenant of a well-known house in Devonshire, and had come to be on very friendly terms with Mr. Emmot, his landlord's agent, a typical and true Devonian. Memoirs of Life and Literature The Devonians were avenged; for the satirist of the English Arcadia was condemned again to reside by “its rockie side,” among “its rockie men.” Calamities and Quarrels of Authors The other stowaway, whom I will call the Devonian—it was noticeable that neither of them told his name—had both been brought up and seen the world in a much smaller way. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) Saturday a grand Devonian Dinner took place at the Criterion. Punch, or the London Charivari, Vol. 98, March 15, 1890 A great tract of Devonian deposits occupies the lower half of the state of New York, Canada between Lakes Erie and Huron, and the northern portions of Indiana and Illinois. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place In the Devonian period the cephalopods began to make a distinct advance in numbers, and in development. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Until some twelve years ago, Goniatites had not been found lower than the Devonian rocks; but now, in Bohemia, they have been found in rocks classed as Silurian. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I It was not surprising that he should take an interest in the Devonian, for the lad worshipped and served him in love and wonder. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) Suffice it to say that the scientist now believes that out of the lungfish of the Devonian came the amphibians of the Carboniferous period. The Meaning of Evolution A long time passed—thousands of years rolled by: then came real fishes and land plants in what is called the Devonian period, or the old red sandstone. Orthodoxy: Its Truths And Errors In north Devonshire the Devonian rocks pass upward without break into the Culm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Yet Sir R. Murchison refers them to the Devonian period—a period which had a large and varied marine Fauna. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I Evil days were now coming thick on the Devonian. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) The next period of the Pal�ozoic is known as the Devonian age, or the age of fishes. The Meaning of Evolution Can any of your Devonian readers give additional particulars of his office or his duties? Notes and Queries A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc In New Zealand the Devonian is well exposed in the Reefton mining field; and it has been suggested that much of the highly metamorphosed rock may belong to this system. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Of forty-six species of British Devonian corals, only six occur in America; and this, notwithstanding the wide range which the Anthozoa are known to have. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I The Devonian was as willing as any paid hand, swarmed aloft among the first, pulled his natural weight and firmly upon a rope, and found work for himself when there was none to show him. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) The Devonian is so full of them and they are so well developed and so diversified that this period is definitely known as the "age of fishes." The Meaning of Evolution The wrinkling of the earth's surface which produced this range occurred during the Devonian period when fishes were the predominant inhabitants of the earth, many millions of years before birds or even reptiles appeared. The Book of the National Parks Dartmoor is a mass of granite that was intruded into the Culm and Devonian strata in post-Carboniferous times and subsequently exposed by denudation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The moon was simply in apparent proximity to two stars; but the old Devonian descried mischief. Moon Lore And he pointed to the Devonian, who was just then busy to the eyes. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) These amphibians are evidently the descendants of some of the fishes of the Devonian times. The Meaning of Evolution Of the three rivers that give Plymouth its noble estuary the Lynher is purely Cornish, and the Tamar is as much Cornish as it is Devonian, except that it rises just over the Devon border. The Cornwall Coast Indeed cases occur where in the same band of rock Devonian shells and Old Red Sandstone fishes lie commingled. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The total isthmus consists of the outcrop of highly inclined Devonian slate and associated rocks, and in most cases is covered with a thin layer of gravel or sand. Chips From A German Workshop. Vol. III. Essays on Literature, Biography, and Antiquities At first the Devonian was very welcome; but as time went on his brother not unnaturally grew cool towards him, and he began to find himself one too many at the “George Hotel.” The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) These were the rulers of the Devonian seas. The Meaning of Evolution It may be that Dartmouth had some accounts to settle with its Cornish neighbour, but even these Devonians must have felt some grudging at such an act. The Cornwall Coast Tin occurs in the granite of Dartmoor, and along its borders, but rather where the Devonian than where the Carboniferous rocks border the granite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The country immediately behind or north of the town of Marazion consists of Devonian strata, traversed by traps and elvans, and attains a considerable elevation.” Chips From A German Workshop. Vol. III. Essays on Literature, Biography, and Antiquities She reached the Broomielaw on a Wednesday: the Devonian had a bellyful that morning, laying in breakfast manfully to provide against the future, and set off along the quays to seek employment. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) In the Devonian the plants are creeping up upon the ground. The Meaning of Evolution Thus, though he has won a world-wide fame as the Cornish poet, Hawker was really Devonian; in this borderland of the two counties there is practically no difference. The Cornwall Coast Excellent roofing slates occur in the Devonian series round the southern part of Dartmoor. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Possibly his actual phraseology would not prove all it might be, but the Devonians were not likely to be much the wiser. Antony Gray,—Gardener The Devonian lost heart at so many refusals. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) Devonshire is the sea county—at every port the Devonian dialect. A Poor Man's House The Devonian explained the situation to his comrades. Sea-Dogs All! A Tale of Forest and Sea Asia.—From the Ural Mountains eastward, Devonian rocks have been traced from point to point right across Asia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Why Devonian, Cambrian, Jurassic—as if the portions of the earth designated by these names were not in other places as well as in Devonshire, near Cambridge, and in the Jura? Bouvard and Pécuchet A Tragi-comic Novel of Bourgeois Life One day the Devonian was lying for warmth in the upper stoke-hole, which stands open on the deck, when Irish Tommy came past, very neatly attired, as was her custom. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 2 (of 25) Along the greater part of its course to this point its silver streams thread their way between sloping hills crowned with hanging woods, and by scenery of the true Devonian order. Exeter The Devonian knew nothing of Westbury, but was speedily informed that it lay about ten miles along his own route, and was, in fact, almost at the eastern verge of the forest itself. Sea-Dogs All! A Tale of Forest and Sea Upper Devonian rocks are recorded from Persia, and from the Hindu Kush on the right bank of the Chitral river. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" They were all fellow Devonians, a genial and hearty company, in the best of good spirits at the prospect of stirring times before them, with the chance of returning home made men. Two Gallant Sons of Devon A Tale of the Days of Queen Bess Then follows the so-called Kanáwar system, which introduces Devonian conditions, followed by fossils characteristic of the well-known mountain limestone of Europe. The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province, and Kashmir He considers the first insect to have appeared after the Silurian period, viz., in the Devonian. Our Common Insects A Popular Account of the Insects of Our Fields, Forests, Gardens and Houses Dan Pengelly, the sailor with the Cornish patronymic and Devonian birthplace, found an excellent boon companion in the little sallow-faced fellow who had overtaken him a few miles south of Gloucester. Sea-Dogs All! A Tale of Forest and Sea North America the Devonian rocks are extensively developed; they have been studied most closely in the New York region, where they are classified according to Table IV. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" "Conybeare," she said, addressing the old Devonian gardener who was trimming the borders a few yards away. Men of Affairs It is a plain, unpretentious building; on the ground-floor a geological museum, very useful for a student—for it contains a complete collection of Devonian rocks and fossils—and the library upstairs. Lynton and Lynmouth A Pageant of Cliff & Moorland Jules Marcou, in his Geology of the United States, places the northern portion of the southern peninsula of Michigan in the Terrain Devonian. Old Mackinaw The Fortress of the Lakes and its Surroundings The Devonian period, including that of the Old Red Sandstone, was one of the most significant periods in the earth's history. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told The Lower Devonian appears to be thick in northern Maine and in Gasp�, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, but neither the palaeontology nor the stratigraphy has been completely worked out. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The indiscriminate use of the term forrell, when describing the cover of a book, is a solecism, I fancy, peculiarly Devonian. Notes and Queries, Number 191, June 25, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. Brixham Cave, called also Windmill Hill Cavern, is a well-known ossiferous cave situated near Brixham, on the brow of a hill composed of Devonian limestone. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The ancient Devonian rocks which prevail have been folded into a grand series of simple arches and troughs, the axes running north-east and south-west. The Sunny Side of Ireland How to see it by the Great Southern and Western Railway One would like to have been the discoverer of the Devonian foot-print of Thinopus, the first known Amphibian foot-print—an eloquent vestige of the third great invasion of the dry land. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Although the correlation of the strata has only advanced a short distance, there is no doubt as to the presence of undifferentiated Devonian rocks in many parts of the continent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" When inquiring the whereabouts of an individual, Devonians ask one another, "Where is he to?" Notes and Queries, Number 191, June 25, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. He knew local history and traditions, and he celebrates the gallant sailors who "by their power made the Devonian shore Mock the proud Tagus." Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" If we turn a few pages in Dana's "Manual" we find in the sandstone of the "Devonian Era" gigantic species of fish. Evolution An Investigation and a Critique It was a much less strenuous time than the Devonian period; it was like a very long summer. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told England the original Devonian rocks are developed in Devon and Cornwall and west Somerset. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The Devonian seas were inhabited by a vast number of animals of this species, which were deposited in tens of thousands in the rocks of new formation. A Journey to the Centre of the Earth The formation is upper Silurian or lower Devonian, a transition to gneiss, but not highly metamorphic. To The Gold Coast for Gold, Vol. II A Personal Narrative Fossil Neuroptera occur in the Devonian rocks of North America; the first traces of insects allied to the bees and wasps being geologically more recent, and appearing in the oolitic strata. A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. Towards the end of the age of the Old Red Sandstone or Devonian, a great step in evolution was taken—the emergence of Amphibians. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told In the Catskill region the Upper Devonian has an Old Red facies—red shales and sandstones with a freshwater and brackish fauna. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Millions of tons of sediment were brought by the rivers and streams to the shores of the Devonian sea. Some Winter Days in Iowa He was a tall, well-built young Devonian, sunburnt, with fair curly hair, a somewhat obstinate type of countenance, and dressed in the dandified fashion of the sporting farmer. Nobody's Man His work upon Devonian Fishes, published in 1861, threw an entirely new light upon the affinities of these creatures, and still remains a standard work. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work Apart from insects, whose instrumental music had probably begun before the end of the Devonian age, amphibians were the first animals to have a voice. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told In Australia we find Lower Devonian consisting of coarse littoral deposits with volcanic rocks; and a Middle division with coral limestones in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland; an Upper division has also been observed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Turning to the Vertebrata, the only palæozoic Elasmobranch Fish of which we have any complete knowledge is the Devonian and Carboniferous Pleuracanthus, which differs no more from existing Sharks than these do from one another. Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews By rejecting such results as appeared to be of this character, he arrives at 370 millions of years as the age of the Devonian. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Epoch, Glacial, 86; Silurian and Devonian, rich array of types, 93; Cenozoic, 96. The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope It was probably from a stock of Devonian lung-fishes that the first Amphibians sprang, but it was not till the next period that they came to their own. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told The corals were abundant individually and varied in form; and they are so distinctive of the period that no Devonian species has yet been found either in the Silurian or in the Carboniferous. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" She was not as the Devonian divinity, "The woman in whose golden smile all life seems enchanted." Some Old Time Beauties After Portraits by the English Masters, with Embellishment and Comment Let us calculate the number of alpha rays which may have gone to form a halo in the Devonian granite of Leinster. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays They follow each other from east to west in a narrower area, just as the Azoic, Silurian, and Devonian deposits follow each other from north to south in the northern part of the United States. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 12, No. 70, August, 1863 While they were still feeling their way, there was a remarkable exuberance of shark-like and heavily armoured fishes in the Devonian seas. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told In the Devonian period the brachiopods reached the climax of their development: they compose three-quarters of the known fauna, and more than 1100 species have been described. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The next set of periods is known as the Devonian. Young Folks' Library, Volume XI (of 20) Wonders of Earth, Sea and Sky If geological time since the Devonian is 400 millions of years, then 1,200 millions of alpha rays are concerned in its genesis. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays The Baron remembers the expression well, though 'tis years since he heard it, and owns to being uncertain as to whether it is not Devonian or Cornish. Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 103, October 15, 1892 The Devonian epoch added greatly to the outlines of the Belgian island. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 12, No. 69, July, 1863 It must be borne in mind that the above-mentioned regions are intended to refer to the time when the extension of the Devonian sea was near its maximum. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" His beautiful voice, exquisitely modulated, never raised in talk, was thoroughly Devonian. The Life of Froude A halo originating in Devonian times may attain a certain central blackening from the effects of, say, rob rays. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays This result exceeds, by more than 8000 feet, the assumption made in the text regarding the basin of the Devonian strata. COSMOS: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 The island of Bretagne was greatly increased by the Devonian deposits, and Bohemia also gained in dimensions, while the central plateau of France remained much the same as before. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 12, No. 69, July, 1863 Felsitic lavas and tuffs occur in the Middle Devonian of Australia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Myriapoda have been found abundantly in the Carboniferous and Devonian formations; but all are of extinct orders, exhibiting a more generalised structure than living forms. Darwinism (1889) If, now, geological time since the Devonian is 50 millions of years, then 150 millions of rays built up the halo. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays He passed, therefore, where the unique Devonian cromlech stands hard by Bradmere pool. Children of the Mist The Carboniferous period—Relations of Carboniferous rocks to Devonian—The Carboniferous Limestone or Sub-Carboniferous series—The Millstone-grit and the Coal-measures—Life of the period—Structure and mode of formation of Coal—Plants of the Coal. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science On the other hand, the prevalence of reef-building corals points to moderately warm temperatures in the Middle Devonian seas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" From a gloss in the MS. "vitty" = Devonian for "decent," I conclude the tale is current in Devon. More English Fairy Tales We have seen that one ray in each year since the Devonian period will build the fully formed halo: an object unlike any other appearance in the rocks. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Martin Grimbal, attracted by the prospect of reading this page from an old Devonian superstition, was of the company. Children of the Mist Generalised section of the Devonian rocks of North America. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Of the distribution of land and sea and the position of the coast lines in Devonian times we can state nothing with precision. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Every pebble has been shaped and polished upon some ancient seacoast, probably the Devonian. In the Catskills Selections from the Writings of John Burroughs The succeeding Devonian Period saw the whole Northern Himalayan area under the waters of the Tethys which, eastward, extended to Burma and China and, westward, covered Kashmir, the Hindu Kush and part of Afghanistan. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays In the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, this is usually found at a depth of 1,300 to 1,500 feet, in what is known as the Third Oil Sand, a sandstone of the Devonian period. Burroughs' Encyclopaedia of Astounding Facts and Useful Information, 1889 Group of Fishes from the Devonian rocks of North America. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Contemporaneous igneous rocks are generally absent in the American Devonian, but in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick there appear to be some. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" At the close of the Devonian period, several upheavals occurred of great significance for the future history of America. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 67, May, 1863 The Pyrenees arose as a range of older Palmozoic rocks in Devonian times. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Along our course the bluish Devonian shales are capped by yellow boulder-clay. The New North There are many places—to take a single example—where one may see the the Silurian rocks, the Devonian, and the Carboniferous rocks succeeding one another regularly, and in their proper order. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Anthracite of Devonian age is found in China and a little coal in Germany, while the Upper Devonian is the chief source of oil and gas of western Pennsylvania and south-western New York. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" First, we have the Devonian shores, with spreading fields of sea-weed and numbers of the club-shaped Algae of gigantic size. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 67, May, 1863 This mica was probably formed in the granite of Leinster in late Silurian or in Devonian times. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays But even so, myriads of fish and other animals existed before the Devonian and Carboniferous plant age. Creation and Its Records There are, however, many more localities in which one would find the Carboniferous rocks resting unconformably upon the Silurians without the intervention of any strata which could be referred to the Devonian period. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Judged by mere vertical depth, they present but a meagre representative of the massive Devonian greywacke and limestone of Germany, or of the Old Red Sandstone of Britain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" If we had looked for them in the Devonian period, we should have found many with looser coils than these, and some only slightly curved in the shape of a horn. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 67, May, 1863 Holmes, A., original lead in minerals, 20; age of Devonian, 21. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Phanerogamic plants in their lowest groups of gymnosperm exogens then begin to appear in the Devonian conifers, gradually followed by cycads. Creation and Its Records The Devonian might have been deposited upon the Silurian, and then the whole might have been elevated above the sea, and subjected to an amount of denudation sufficient to remove the Devonian strata entirely. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science There is an unquestionable passage of the uppermost Devonian rocks of Russia into the base of the Carboniferous system. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The next period, the Devonian, was for a similar reason named after the county of Devonshire, in England, where it was first investigated. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 65, March, 1863 The scenery hereabouts is distinctly of Devonian character. Seaward Sussex The South Downs from End to End The second sheet was headed “Devonian and Cornwall branch of the Turolds,” and contained notes of Robert Turold’s ancestral discoveries in that spot. The Moon Rock In no case, however, do we ever find the Devonian resting upon the Carboniferous, or the Silurian rocks reposing on the Devonian. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The upper part of the Lower Devonian, the sandy shale of Steinach, rests unconformably upon Silurian rocks. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Geologically, they belong to the Devonian series of rocks. Somerset The fishing-ground of the geologist in the Silurian and Devonian periods is even more circumscribed than his, and belongs, besides, not to a living, but to a dead world, far more difficult to decipher. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 66, April, 1863 He was a countryman of mine; a member of an important county family—Devonian, I believe—and had left England on account of large gambling debts, of which he confided to me the exact figure. Stories by American Authors, Volume 1 For our present purpose, it is sufficient to recognise that there exist two great groups of rocks between the highest Cambrian beds, as here defined, and the base of the Devonian or Old Red Sandstone. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Devonian rocks of Poland are sandy in the lower, and more calcareous in the upper parts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Beer Head is the last outpost of the chalk and is a dazzling contrast to the prevailing reddish yellow of the Devonian coast. Wanderings in Wessex An Exploration of the Southern Realm from Itchen to Otter Even in the Carboniferous period but few are to be found: they had their day in the Silurian and Devonian ages. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 66, April, 1863 It seems, indeed, that the Devonians have conceded so much of their beautiful county to the barrenness of Dartmoor, that they grudge every inch that is occupied as a street or highway. Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume XXIII Opinions differ as to whether this sandstone is to be regarded as the highest bed of the Upper Silurian or the base of the Devonian. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In France Devonian rocks are found well developed in Brittany, as indicated in the table, also in Normandy and Maine; in the Boulonnais district only the middle and upper divisions are known. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Trilobites were very common in the Silurian and Devonian periods, but became extinct at the close of the Paleozoic. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section T, U, V, and W Now I have made a special study of the Devonian rocks of Northern Europe, in the Baltic and along the shore of the German Ocean. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 66, April, 1863 Some unfossiliferous conglomerates, sandstones and dolomites in South Africa and on the west coast are considered to belong to the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian formations, but merely from their occurrence beneath strata yielding Devonian fossils. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 We thus see that in America, as in Britain, no other line than an artificial one can be drawn between the Upper Silurian and the overlying Devonian. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In general, the Lower Devonian fossils of Spain bear a marked resemblance to those of Brittany. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Her heart was full; and to Miss Marian, her young lady, a Fern Torrite, a Devonian like herself, she must needs pour it out, where she had no other friend. The Two Guardians or, Home in This World Another theory is, that natural gas is a product of the sea-weed deposited in the Devonian stratum. Scientific American Supplement, No. 497, July 11, 1885 The Devonian and Carboniferous formations are well represented in the north and south and in northern Angola. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 The name of "Devonian" was applied to these deposits; and this title, by common usage, has come to be regarded as synonymous with the name of "Old Red Sandstone." The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Middle and Upper Devonian strata are widespread in China. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Here he demonstrated that a stiff clay soil derived from the underlying Devonian Shales may be made highly productive in fruit. Cleveland Past and Present Its Representative Men The sandstones of southern New York occurring in the rocks of Devonian age are generally fine grained and blue or greenish in color and are known as bluestones. New York at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis 1904 Report of the New York State Commission This appeared and flourished throughout the Devonian period, if not anterior to it, and long before the appearance of batrachian reptiles and other low air-breathing forms of life. Life: Its True Genesis The characteristic crustaceans and many of the characteristic fishes of the Old Red are wanting in the Devonian; whilst the corals and marine shells of the latter do not occur in the former. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The somewhat peculiar fauna of this series led Murchison to class the flags as Middle Devonian. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" It is almost wholly composed of coal-bearing rocks, resting on Devonian strata, which are visible in many places in the valleys. Scientific American Supplement, No. 433, April 19, 1884 The next carbonaceous sheet is formed by the great bituminous shale beds of the upper Devonian, which underlie and supply the oil wells in western Pennsylvania. Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 Of one of these Devonian insects the base of a wing was the only part preserved in the rock. The Naturalist on the Thames No one, however, can doubt the importance and reality of the Devonian series as an independent system of rocks to be intercalated in point of time between the Silurian and the Carboniferous. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In parts of western Russia Old Red Sandstone fossils are found in beds intercalated with others containing marine fauna of the Devonian facies. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The stratified rock lies horizontally just as it was laid down in the bottom of the Devonian Seas millions of years ago. My Boyhood Turning to the Vertebrata, the only palaeozoic Elasmobranch Fish of which we have any complete knowledge is the Devonian and Carboniferous Pleuracanthus, which differs no more from existing Sharks than these do from one another. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays In the Devonian formations, which contain the next oldest set of fossil insects, numbers of conifers and ferns are found. The Naturalist on the Thames The Middle Devonian or Ilfracombe Group consists of sandstones and flags, with calcareous slates and crystalline limestones, containing many corals. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science These are interesting facts, as helping to link the Devonian and Old Red Sandstone types together. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" It is divided into four long periods, the Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 In 1890 Picus major, a small, black, and spotted French Magpie, as Devonians call it, was found, but we have no other right to claim it. John Keble's Parishes They consist of fragments of granite, syenite and greenstone, as well as of Devonian and Silurian rocks, some of them of large size. The Antiquity of Man The Portage and Chemung groups may be regarded as corresponding with the Upper Devonian of Devonshire. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Russian Devonian rocks have been classified in Table II. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" You will see that Huxley has taken up the subject of the Devonian fishes in a truly scientific spirit. Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence Her hair and eyes—such big bright eyes!—were dark; but her complexion was scarcely brunette, and the colour in her cheeks was rich and peach-like, after the true Devonian type. Philistia The rock in which the Liege caverns occur belongs generally to the Carboniferous or Mountain Limestone, in some few cases only to the older Devonian formation. The Antiquity of Man No completely natural line can thus be indicated, dividing the Devonian in this region from the Silurian on the one hand, and the Carboniferous on the other hand. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Upper Devonian of the Harz passes up into the Culm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" There are also noble white cranes, and flocks of small black and white birds, new to me, with heavy razor-shaped bills, reminding one of the Devonian puffin. Travels in West Africa As she wandered with her father among those boggy uplands, or stood on the rocky tors that so strangely crest the low flat hill-tops of the great Devonian moor. Michael's Crag Examples are also given by Mr. Davidson of species which pass from the Devonian into the Carboniferous, and from that again into the Permian rocks. The Antiquity of Man Lastly, the Devonian deposits have yielded the remains of the first actual trees with which we are as yet acquainted. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Continental Europe.—Devonian rocks occupy a large area in the centre of Europe, extending from the Ardennes through the south of Belgium across Rhenish Prussia to Darmstadt. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" From experience in Devonian bogs, I knew pace was our best chance, and I fancy I earned one of my nicknames among the Fans on these. Travels in West Africa Among the invertebrates this same progressive increase in size has been noted, a small shell in the Devonian becoming enormous in the Triassic. Time and Change The table-land in that region, composed of Carboniferous and Devonian rocks, is about 450 feet high, and is not overspread with loess. The Antiquity of Man The singular genus Prototaxites, however, which occurs in an older portion of the Devonian series than the above, is not in an absolutely unchallenged position. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In the centre of Europe, therefore, the Devonian rocks consist of a vast thickness of dark-grey sandy and shaly rocks, with occasional seams of limestone, and in particular with one thick central calcareous zone. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" There are English counties where it would perhaps be said of such a woman that she was one in a thousand; but the Devonians are a comely race. Afoot in England A certain fish appearing in the Devonian as a small fish of seven centimetres in length, becomes in the Carboniferous era a creature twenty-seven centimetres in length. Time and Change All which considerations give an interest to Princetown, and excite in the hearts of the Devonians of these parts a strong affection for the Dartmoor prison. He Knew He Was Right In the Devonian period, there is an intermediate state of things, the genus Chonetes being continued in new and varied types, and the Carboniferous Produdœ being represented by many forms of the allied group Productella. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Devonian rocks are recognized, though frequently much metamorphosed, on both the northern and southern flanks of the Pyrenees; while on the Spanish peninsula they are extensively developed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Hugo Le Geyt, with his frank boyish nature, his great Devonian frame, is sure to have done so. Hilda Wade, a Woman with Tenacity of Purpose Can we see him as a fish in the old Devonian seas or lakes? Time and Change The Silurian rocks are succeeded by rocks which present two distinct characters, but are probably contemporaneous, the Devonian and the old Red Sandstone. Story of Creation as Told By Theology and By Science It was far otherwise, however, in Devonian times. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The same features are observed in the Devonian of the Kougnetsk basin, and in Turkestan. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The Stromatopora are among the chief limestone builders of the Silurian and Devonian periods. The Elements of Geology When the rocks that form my native Catskills were being laid down in the Devonian waters, I fancy that my aquatic embryo was swimming about somewhere and slowly waxing strong. Time and Change The earliest fossil land plants as yet discovered are found in the Devonian series, and they gradually increase till, in the Carboniferous strata, they attain the extreme abundance which gave rise to the coal measures. Story of Creation as Told By Theology and By Science To what extent the Devonian Ganoids were confined to fresh waters remains yet to be proved; and that many of them lived in the sea is certain. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In Canada, besides the occurrences previously mentioned in the eastern region, Devonian strata are found in considerable force along the course of the Mackenzie river and the Canadian Rockies, whence they stretch out into Alaska. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Other systems, from the Devonian on, are coal bearing also, but none so richly and to so wide an extent. The Elements of Geology Could the land be restored again to its first condition in Devonian times, probably the fields where I hoed corn and potatoes as a boy would be buried one or two miles beneath the rocks. Time and Change In fact, I am already getting notes together for a paper for the Pan-Geological under the heading, Auriferous Excretions in the Devonian Strata: a Working Hypothesis. Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich Somewhat allied, also, to the Sturgeons, is a singular group of armoured fishes, which is highly characteristic of the Devonian of Britain and Europe, and less so of that of America. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science It is probable, however, that much that is now classed as Devonian in Canada will prove on fossil evidence to be Carboniferous. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" With few exceptions the Carboniferous strata rest on those of the Devonian without any marked unconformity; the one period passed quietly into the other, with no great physical disturbances. The Elements of Geology When we look at them with the eye of the geologist we see the great plateau of tableland of Devonian times out of which they were carved by the slow action of the sub-aerial forces. Time and Change So it chanced that he came to Tomlinson's Creek at the very point where a great slab of Devonian rock bursts through the clay of the bank. Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich The gigantic Eurypterids of the Upper Silurian and Devonian are but feebly represented, and make their final exit here from the scene of life. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Nearly allied to the South American Devonian is that of South Africa, where they are represented by the Bokkeveld beds in the Cape system. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" In America the Silurian is not separated from the Devonian by any mountain-making deformation or continental uplift. The Elements of Geology The Silurian was the great age of trilobites; the Devonian, the age of fishes; Mesozoic times swarm with the gigantic reptiles; and in Tertiary times the mammals are dominant. Time and Change Here we have undoubtedly a sporadic deposit—what miners call a pocket—of pure gold in a Devonian formation of the post-tertiary period. Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich It is, in fact, apparently impossible to draw any actual line of demarcation between the Upper Silurian and the overlying deposits of the Devonian or Old Red Sandstone series. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The two most prominent features of the Devonian seas are presented by corals and brachiopods. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" The Devonian is represented in New York and southward by the following five series. The Elements of Geology But the geological structure of the Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh, shows that igneous rocks were there formed during the newer part of the Devonian or "Old Red" period. The Student's Elements of Geology The Devonian seas were peopled by animals of these species, and deposited them by thousands in the rocks of the newer formation. A Journey to the Interior of the Earth Both in Britain and in America the Lower Devonian beds repose with perfect conformity upon the highest Silurian beds, and the two formations appear to pass into one another by a gradual and imperceptible transition. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Devonian rocks have been detected among the crumpled rocks of the Styrian Alps by means of the evidence of abundant corals, cephalopods, gasteropods, lamellibranchs and other organic remains. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" It is interesting to note that the modern teleosts in their embryological growth pass through the stages which characterized the maturity of their Devonian ancestors; their skeleton is cartilaginous and their tail fin vertebrated. The Elements of Geology These hills are 1900 feet high above the sea, and consist of conglomerates and sandstones of Upper Devonian age, resting on the inclined edges of grits and slates of Lower Devonian and Upper Silurian date. The Student's Elements of Geology Species of these genera occur in the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous strata of Europe. Volcanic Islands Principal Dawson further states that he has seen in the same formation fragments of wood with the structure of the singular Devonian Conifer known as Prototaxites. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Rabbits-Eggs was the local carrier—an outcrop of the early Devonian formation. Stalky & Co. We have noticed that in the Devonian the sutures of some of the chambered shells become angled, evolving the Goniatite type. The Elements of Geology In each of the two countries a very similar series of geological changes has occurred at two distinct epochs— in Wexford, before the Devonian strata were deposited; in Cornwall, after the Carboniferous epoch. The Student's Elements of Geology She's a true Devonian; if there's anything she hates, it is to be committed to a definite statement. Villa Rubein, and other stories On this view, the typical Devonian rocks of Europe, Britain, and North America are the deep-sea deposits of the Devonian period, or, at any rate, are genuine marine sediments formed far from land. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Oh, come, and—in technical speech— We'll walk this Devonian shore, Or on some Silurian beach We'll wander, my love, evermore. Complete Poetical Works In the shales of the Devonian are found microscopic spores of rhizocarps in such countless numbers that their weight must be reckoned in hundreds of millions of tons. The Elements of Geology Although the precise age of such copper lodes can not be defined, we may safely affirm that they were either filled at the close of the Silurian or commencement of the Devonian period. The Student's Elements of Geology This naturalist has lately found a fossil insect in the Devonian formation of New Brunswick, which is furnished with "the well-known tympanum or stridulating apparatus of the male Locustidae." The Descent of Man The Devonian rocks of Devonshire are likewise divisible into a lower, middle, and upper division. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Scudder has described an insect in the Devonian strata, furnished with a stridulating apparatus. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 It is to the resinous spores of the rhizocarps that the petroleum and natural gas from Devonian rocks are largely due. The Elements of Geology Devonian Period, Upper, Middle, Lower. — fossils of the Eifel. — of Russia. — of United States and Canada. — insects of Canada. — strata, classification of. The Student's Elements of Geology This group goes back to the Devonian and includes some of the earliest types of Fern with which we are acquainted. Darwin and Modern Science By the researches of Gœppert, Unger, Dawson, Carruthers, and other botanists, a knowledge has been acquired of a large number of Devonian plants, only a few of which can be noticed here. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Their language is the dross of the dregs of the vulgar Devonian; and the more learned a man is, the worse he can understand them. Westward Ho!, or, the voyages and adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh, Knight, of Burrough, in the county of Devon, in the reign of her most glorious majesty Queen Elizabeth Like those whose remains are found in the lower Paleozoic systems, all of these Devonian vertebrates were aquatic and go under the general designation of fishes. The Elements of Geology But Dr. Dawson supposes that the geographical conditions under which the Devonian plants grew were more varied, and had more of an upland character. The Student's Elements of Geology The descent of the ammonites, taken as a group, is simple and clear; they arose as a branch of the nautiloids in the lower Devonian, the shells known as goniatites having zigzag, angulated sutures. Darwin and Modern Science No true Graptolites have ever been detected in strata of Page 140 of Devonian age; and the whole of this group has become extinguished—unless we refer here the still surviving Dictyonemœ. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science For example, in some regions Silurian rocks are directly overlaid by the coal measures; but elsewhere this sudden break is filled in with the Devonian rocks that tell of a great "age of fishes." A History of Science — Volume 3 The Carboniferous was the age of lycopods and amphibians, as the Devonian had been the age of rhizocarps and fishes. The Elements of Geology We come next in descending order to that division of Primary or Palaeozoic rocks which immediately underlie the Devonian group or Old Red Sandstone. The Student's Elements of Geology "Jupiter is evidently passing through a Carboniferous or Devonian period such as existed on earth, though, if consistent with its size, it should be on a vastly larger scale," said the doctor. A journey in other worlds A romance of the future The "Tabulate Corals" are hardly less abundant in the Devonian rocks than the Rugosa; and being invariably compound, they hardly yield to the latter in the dimensions of the aggregations which they sometimes form. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science If Devonian rocks are at the surface in any given region, for example, it would appear that this region became a land surface in the Devonian age, or just afterwards. A History of Science — Volume 3 The Silurian and Devonian strata thin out as they approach this area and seem never to have deposited upon it. The Elements of Geology We come next to the most typical portion of the Devonian system, including the great limestones of Plymouth and Torbay, replete with shells, trilobites, and corals. The Student's Elements of Geology They had even attempted to find coal under strata which are usually below it, such as the Devonian red sandstone, but without result. The Underground City, or, the Child of the Cavern In addition to these, there are numerous branching or plant-like Tabulate Corals, often of the most graceful form, which are distinctive of the Devonian in all parts of the world. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science All that the cautious geologist dare assert, therefore, is that the region in question did not become permanent land surface earlier than the Devonian age. A History of Science — Volume 3 In the Devonian fishes the vertebrae, as well as the other parts of the skeleton, have not ossified, or changed to bone, but remain in their primitive cartilaginous condition. The Elements of Geology The Stringocephalus is also so abundant in the Middle Devonian of the banks of the Rhine as to have suggested the name of Stringocephalus Limestone. The Student's Elements of Geology Even the Scotch and the Devonians weaken a little in their clannishness. The New Machiavelli The Echinoderms of the Devonian period call for little special notice. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Devonian rocks may lie at the surface simply because the thousands of feet of carboniferous strata that once lay above them have been worn away. A History of Science — Volume 3 In the Devonian, fishes—the lowest of the vertebrates—became abundant. The Elements of Geology Vegetation of the Coal. — of the Devonian of America. The Student's Elements of Geology The Devonian Period had opened with a fresh emergence of the land, especially in Europe, and great inland seas or lakes were left in the hollows. The Story of Evolution Many of the Devonian limestones are "crinoidal;" and the Crinoids are the most abundant and widely-distributed representatives of their class in the deposits of this period. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Overlying the Devonian formation is the great and important series of the Carboniferous Rocks, so called because workable beds of coal are more commonly and more largely developed in this formation than in any other. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science They were the tyrants of the Devonian seas. The Elements of Geology Corals of the Devonian. — of the Mountain Limestone. The Student's Elements of Geology In the bulk of the Devonian sharks these developed into what are significantly called "pavement teeth." The Story of Evolution Devonian, Europe and America; b, Spirorbis Arkonensis, of the natural size and enlarged; c, The same, with the tube twisted in the reverse direction. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science They commence their existence, so far as known, in the Devonian period, but they attain their maximum in the Carboniferous; and—unlike the Lepidodendroids—they are not known to occur in the Permian period. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The few genera now surviving are the descendants of the tribes which swarmed in the Devonian seas. The Elements of Geology To this Upper Devonian belong a series of limestones and slates well developed at Petherwyn, in Cornwall, where they have yielded 75 species of fossils. The Student's Elements of Geology The Devonian period had opened with a rise of the land, but the sea eat steadily into it once more, and, with some inconsiderable oscillations of the land, regained its territory. The Story of Evolution The Crustaceans of the Devonian are principally Eurypterids and Trilobites. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Page 189 In the Devonian rocks we meet with no other remains of Vertebrated animals save fishes only; but the Carboniferous deposits have yielded remains of the higher group Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The teeth of the Devonian ganoids show a complicated folded structure. The Elements of Geology Among the 18 species of all classes enumerated by Mr. Etheridge, two-thirds are common to the Middle Devonian, but only one, the ubiquitous Atrypa reticularis, can with certainty be identified with Silurian species. The Student's Elements of Geology The latter part of the Devonian and earlier part of the Carboniferous were remarkable for their great expanses of shallow water and low-lying land. The Story of Evolution Taken as a whole, the Crustacean fauna of the Devonian period presents many alliances with that of the Upper Silurian, but has only slight relationships with that of the Lower Carboniferous. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science But it is in the Devonian that we discover for the first time the remains of extensive and luxuriant forests. The Elements of Geology The great group of fishes called the teleosts, or those with complete bony skeletons, to which most modern fishes belong, may be mentioned here, although in the Devonian they had not yet appeared. The Elements of Geology Species characteristic of the whole Devonian series in North America. a. The Student's Elements of Geology In other words, as far as the present study is concerned, we need only regard the climate of the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. The Story of Evolution The Brachiopods still continue to be represented in great force through all the Devonian deposits, though not occurring in the true Old Red Sandstone. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The widespread Dipneust fishes of the Devonian rocks bear strong witness to it, and the appearance of the Amphibian immediately afterwards makes it certain. The Story of Evolution We infer a renewed uplift of Appalachia similar to that of the later epochs of the Devonian, but as much less in amount as the volume of sediments is smaller. The Elements of Geology The genus is still better known as a Silurian form, but the spinose species appear to belong exclusively to the "Lower Devonian," and are found in Britain, Europe, and the Cape of Good Hope. The Student's Elements of Geology The periods we have already covered—the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian—form the Primary or Palaeozoic Era, to which the earlier Archaean rocks were prefixed as a barren and less interesting introduction. The Story of Evolution The sub-kingdom of the Vertebrates is still represented by Fishes only; but these are so abundant, and belong to such varied types, that the Devonian period has been appropriately called the "Age of Fishes." The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science They are a most instructive reminder of the Devonian fish which quitted its element and became the ancestor of all the birds and mammals of a later age. The Story of Evolution The Devonian is named from the English county Devon, where its rocks were early studied. The Elements of Geology The Devonian fish were referred by Agassiz to two of his great orders, namely, the Placoids and Ganoids. The Student's Elements of Geology The tincture of iron which gives a red colour to our characteristic Devonian rocks, the Old Red Sandstone, shows us that the sand was deposited in inland waters. The Story of Evolution It is to the two last of these groups that the Devonian fishes belong, and they are more specially referable to the Ganoids. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science We have an even greater difficulty here, as plant remains are not preserved at all until the Devonian period. The Story of Evolution During the later Silurian and the Devonian the area was land and suffered vast denudation. The Elements of Geology The Tertiary strata of that age are seen on both sides of the Rhine, in the neighbourhood of Bonn, resting unconformably on highly inclined and vertical strata of Silurian and Devonian rocks. The Student's Elements of Geology The Devonian lung-fish has characters which do not seem to lead on to the Amphibia. The Story of Evolution The Devonian Galloids belong to a number of groups; and it is Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science We saw that at the beginning of the Devonian there was a considerable rise of the land both in America and Europe, but especially in Europe. The Story of Evolution The blastoids became more abundant in the Devonian, culminated in the Carboniferous, and disappeared at the end of the Paleozoic. The Elements of Geology The fundamental rocks of the district are grey and red sandstones and shales, with some associated limestones, replete with fossils of the Devonian or Old Red Sandstone group. The Student's Elements of Geology The ancestors of the Amphibia are generally sought amongst the Crossopterygii, a very large group of fishes in Devonian times, with very few representatives to-day. The Story of Evolution The collective name of "Cestracionts" is applied to these; and we have evidence of their past existence in the Devonian seas Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The migration had probably proceeded throughout the Devonian period, especially from the calmer shores of the inland seas. The Story of Evolution Chain corals became extinct at the close of the Silurian, but other corals were extremely common in the Devonian seas. The Elements of Geology In regard to the two types, the Old Red Sandstone and the Devonian, I shall first treat of them separately, and then allude to the proofs of their having been to a great extent contemporaneous. The Student's Elements of Geology The remains that we find make it probable that the fish left the water about the beginning of the Devonian or the end of the Silurian. The Story of Evolution Page 155 Many of these "fin-spines" have been preserved to us in the fossil condition, and the Devonian rocks have yielded examples belonging to many genera. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The first indication—apart from certain disputed impressions in the Devonian—of the land-vertebrate is the footprint of an Amphibian on an early Carboniferous mud-flat. The Story of Evolution The sharks of the Silurian and Devonian are known to us chiefly by their teeth and fin spines, for they were unprotected by scales or plates, and were devoid of a bony skeleton. The Elements of Geology The Asterolepis occurs also in the Devonian rocks of North America. The Student's Elements of Geology |
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