英语词汇“crystallography”造句的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

It was bad enough learning crystallography without having to acquire the witchcraft-like techniques of the biochemist. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z

To decipher the structure of DNA, Wilkins had decided to corral a set of biophysical techniques invented in nearby Cambridge—crystallography and X-ray diffraction. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z

At the time of my arrival, Francis’ theories spread far beyond the confines of protein crystallography. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z

For almost forty years Bragg, a Nobel Prize winner and one of the founders of crystallography, had been watching X-ray diffraction methods solve structures of ever-increasing difficulty.* Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z

For the first time I had a real incentive to learn some crystallography: I did not want Rosy to speak over my head. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z

In the winter of 1950, the head of the Biophysics Unit, J. T. Randall, recruited an additional young scientist to work on crystallography. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z

They were boarding a train for Oxford to meet Dorothy Hodgkin, the grande dame of crystallography. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z

Instead I told them that I now knew that X-ray crystallography was the key to genetics. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z

After the war Fankuchen lost interest in viruses, and, though Bernal dabbled at protein crystallography, he was more concerned about furthering good relations with the Communist countries. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z

He would come at it with a bang, deploying his deep understanding of chemistry, mathematics, and crystallography—but more important, his instinctual grasp of model building. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z

Franklin’s experiments, in which she successfully used X-ray crystallography to create images of DNA, became the basis for James Watson and Francis Crick’s groundbreaking 1953 discovery of the double helix structure. Rosalind Franklin’s Role in DNA Discovery, Once Ignored, Is Told Anew in Song 2023-05-29T04:00:00Z

In 1959 Max Perutz, whose methodological work had been crucial to Kendrew's success, solved the structure of haemoglobin, only the second protein molecule to be analysed by X-ray crystallography. Myoglobin: turd of the century? 2013-04-19T06:29:00Z

In this scene, six actors are in a lab using an X-ray crystallography machine to try to capture an image of DNA. Rosalind Franklin’s Role in DNA Discovery, Once Ignored, Is Told Anew in Song 2023-05-29T04:00:00Z

Huard used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of the proteins. Novel bacterial proteins from seafloor shine light on climate and astrobiology 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z

Traditionally working out those structures was done using electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, a process which could take years. How the power of protein is being uncovered 2023-05-18T04:00:00Z

X-ray crystallography is a method for investigating molecular structure by observing the patterns formed by X-rays shot through a crystal of the substance. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

That’s because data sharing is already common in fields such as protein crystallography and astronomy. Ready, set, share: Researchers brace for new data-sharing rules 2023-01-24T05:00:00Z

During that time, Pasteur became interested in the origins of life and worked in the field of polarized light and crystallography. Louis Pasteur's work still saves lives 2022-10-19T04:00:00Z

As a graduate student, McLellan learned to use a powerful technique called X-ray crystallography to reveal the nooks and crannies of proteins — the building blocks of life — in atomic-level detail. For decades, fear and failure in the hunt for an RSV vaccine. Now, success. 2022-10-10T04:00:00Z

This process is known as x-ray crystallography because of the information it can yield about crystal structure, and it was the type of data Rosalind Franklin supplied to Watson and Crick for DNA. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z

In Wilkins’ lab, researcher Rosalind Franklin was using X-ray crystallography to understand the structure of DNA. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

On her 16th birthday, her mother, Molly, gifted her a book on X-ray crystallography, which had a profound impact on the trajectory of her career. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z

X-ray crystallography, for example, enables scientists to determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein crystal at atomic resolution. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

McLellan used X-ray crystallography to determine the precise shape of the F protein, showing that before RSV gets into cells, it assumed an elusive lollipop shape. For decades, fear and failure in the hunt for an RSV vaccine. Now, success. 2022-10-10T04:00:00Z

Before AlphaFold2 we had to crystallize the proteins and solve the structures using X-ray crystallography, a process that took months and cost tens of thousands of dollars per structure. A celebrated AI has learned a new trick: How to do chemistry 2022-06-20T04:00:00Z

But Yanik does think the approach will be useful—especially given its relative affordability compared with other ways of monitoring proteins, such as x-ray crystallography. Tiny Antennas Made from DNA Light Up Protein Activity 2022-04-25T04:00:00Z

At Cambridge, Dorothy recognized the promise of X-ray crystallography for protein structure determinations, conducting research that earned her a PhD in 1937. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z

Pauling had discovered the secondary structure of proteins using X-ray crystallography. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Some of the X-ray crystallography work around the discovery of the structure of DNA — the computation for that was done using EDSAC. The future of computers is only $4 away, with Raspberry Pi CEO Eben Upton 2022-03-08T05:00:00Z

He would go on to graduate school to study X-ray crystallography, the difficult and painstaking art of making tiny crystals of proteins and then blasting them with X-rays to figure out their three-dimensional structure. Halting Progress and Happy Accidents: How mRNA Vaccines Were Made 2022-01-15T05:00:00Z

This technique, known as x-ray crystallography, soon became the leading approach; today, the field’s central repository, the Protein Data Bank, contains some 185,000 experimentally solved structures. Science’s 2021 Breakthrough of the Year: AI brings protein structures to all 2021-12-15T05:00:00Z

Mapping proteins’ shapes down to the atomic scale has until recently required costly and slow experimental techniques, such as x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AI cracks the code of protein complexes—providing a road map for new drug targets 2021-11-10T05:00:00Z

Moult says structural biologists have dreamed for decades that accurate computer models would one day augment extremely precise protein shapes derived from experimental methods such as x-ray crystallography. New public database of AI-predicted protein structures could transform biology 2021-07-22T04:00:00Z

His team crystallizes promising enzymes, then uses x-ray crystallography to peer into their structures, deciphering how they bind to polymers and help break their chemical links. Could plastic-eating microbes take a bite out of the recycling problem? 2021-07-01T04:00:00Z

Another technique, x-ray crystallography, has long been the gold standard for mapping individual atoms within a 3D protein structure. The science stories likely to make headlines in 2021 2020-12-31T05:00:00Z

With advances in cloning, animal models, and x-ray crystallography, researchers can now make and screen more mAbs than ever before, simplifying their search. Science’s 2021 Breakthrough of the Year: AI brings protein structures to all 2021-12-15T05:00:00Z

So, McLellan used x-ray crystallography—a technique that uses x-ray beams to determine the structure of proteins—to capture an image of the prefusion protein for the first time. They spent 12 years solving a puzzle. It yielded the first COVID-19 vaccines. 2020-12-31T05:00:00Z

Data from x-ray crystallography and cryo–electron microscopy experiments can be difficult to interpret, Baek and others say, and having a model can help. New public database of AI-predicted protein structures could transform biology 2021-07-22T04:00:00Z

X-ray crystallography has produced the lion’s share of protein structures. DeepMind’s AI Makes Gigantic Leap in Solving Protein Structures 2020-12-01T05:00:00Z

It even excelled at solving structures of proteins that sit wedged in cell membranes, which are central to many human diseases but notoriously difficult to solve with x-ray crystallography. ‘The game has changed.’ AI triumphs at solving protein structures 2020-11-30T05:00:00Z

It features a stylized version of her X-ray crystallography image of DNA, which contributed to the discovery of the molecule’s double-helix structure. Daily briefing: Three vaccines show early promise for COVID-19 2020-07-20T04:00:00Z

X-ray crystallography saturates proteins in a salt bath solution until they form crystals akin to rock candy. They spent 12 years solving a puzzle. It yielded the first COVID-19 vaccines. 2020-12-31T05:00:00Z

In essence, it is because of Franklin, her collaborators and successors, that today’s researchers are able to use tools such as DNA sequencing and X-ray crystallography to investigate viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Rosalind Franklin was so much more than the ‘wronged heroine’ of DNA 2020-07-20T04:00:00Z

The structure of the CTD was determined by x-ray crystallography, a technique that requires crystallizing purified copies of the protein. How I Built a 3-D Model of the Coronavirus for Scientific American 2020-06-25T04:00:00Z

But Stark thinks X-ray crystallography will retain some appeal. Cryo-EM used to visualize individual atoms for first time 2020-06-02T04:00:00Z

In Lübeck, Germany, Rolf Hilgenfeld stopped packing boxes for his retirement and started preparing buffers for crystallography. The sprint to solve coronavirus protein structures — and disarm them with drugs 2020-05-14T04:00:00Z

Researchers with the Scripps Institute in California utilized high-resolution X-ray crystallography tools in a paper recently published in the journal Science to capture the antibody's atomic structure. Antibody points to potential weak spot on novel coronavirus 2020-04-14T04:00:00Z

Scientists at the University of Minnesota used X-ray crystallography to create an atomic-scale 3D map of the virus’s spike protein and its corresponding partner on human cells, known as the ACE-2 receptor. New study sheds light on coronavirus infection mechanism 2020-03-30T04:00:00Z

Those individual pieces can be studied separately from the virus, using cryo-EM, x-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, resulting in atomic or near-atomic detail 3-D models. How I Built a 3-D Model of the Coronavirus for Scientific American 2020-06-25T04:00:00Z

But scientists have had to largely rely on X-ray crystallography for obtaining atomic-resolution structures. Cryo-EM used to visualize individual atoms for first time 2020-06-02T04:00:00Z

One is X-ray crystallography, which involves growing tiny crystals of pure protein and revealing their internal structure by bombarding them with X-rays from a high-energy electron beam. The sprint to solve coronavirus protein structures — and disarm them with drugs 2020-05-14T04:00:00Z

Lin et al. began their investigation of the structural basis for GPR52 activation using X-ray crystallography. A self-activating orphan receptor 2020-02-18T05:00:00Z

For decades, structural biologists preferred to use X-ray crystallography, a technique that involves crystallizing proteins, pummelling them with X-rays and reconstructing their shape from the resulting tell-tale patterns of diffracted light. Revolutionary cryo-EM is taking over structural biology 2020-02-09T05:00:00Z

His team obtained this using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography. Jack Baldwin (1938–2020) 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z

Cryo-EM needs fewer copies of a protein molecule than x-ray crystallography, and yet purifying techniques haven’t changed significantly in 20 years, he says. ‘We need a people’s cryo-EM.’ Scientists hope to bring revolutionary microscope to the masses 2020-01-23T05:00:00Z

“It will probably supersede crystallography in the job market.” The microscopic advances that are opening big opportunities in cell biology 2019-11-26T05:00:00Z

He wants the team to perform x-ray crystallography, a gold standard technique to determine structure, on larger samples. The next graphene? Shiny and magnetic, a new form of pure carbon dazzles with potential 2019-11-12T05:00:00Z

Kathleen Lonsdale pioneered the form of crystallography in which X-rays are directed at a sample to measure diffraction and determine its atomic and molecular structure. 150 years of scientific illustration 2019-11-04T05:00:00Z

“We have notable women there, like Twiggy, the judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the aviator Amelia Earhart, notorious spy Mata Hari, and Rosalind Franklin, the scientist whose crystallography enabled the discovery of DNA,” said Haworth, 77. With a little help from her friends: Sgt Pepper artist’s all-female version 2019-10-26T04:00:00Z

Perutz’s group was using X-ray crystallography to unravel the structures of the proteins haemoglobin and myoglobin. The structure of DNA 2019-10-08T04:00:00Z

X-ray crystallography typically requires that the structure of the molecule studied is consistent throughout the sample. A key to unlocking chromatin revealed by complex structures 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z

The traditional way of answering it was by lab-based x-ray crystallography, which is expensive and slow. Douglas Adams was right – knowledge without understanding is meaningless | John Naughton 2019-08-24T04:00:00Z

Traditionally, researchers have used a process called X-ray crystallography to see what goes on at near-atomic levels. Why 'blobology' is the new hot topic in science 2019-08-21T04:00:00Z

The X-ray crystallography process is used to discern differences among various materials … especially alloys - of great significance to Fuel Cells. Army sets sights on new full cell technology 2019-08-12T04:00:00Z

These approaches are cheaper and faster than existing lab techniques such as X-ray crystallography, and the knowledge could help researchers to better understand diseases and design drugs. AI protein-folding algorithms solve structures faster than ever 2019-07-21T04:00:00Z

Over the following decades, a different story emerged, one that was finally confirmed by x-ray crystallography in 2005. Meet the blue crew, scientists trying to give food, flowers, and more a color rarely found in nature 2019-05-02T04:00:00Z

But physics really entered the fray when X-ray crystallography was harnessed to study biological macromolecules. The forgotten scientists who paved the way to the double helix 2019-04-15T04:00:00Z

Franklin was an instrumental part of the team that revealed the double-helix structure of DNA in the 1950s, using X-ray crystallography, but her contribution was long overlooked. Reactor shutdown, record heat and Indonesia protests 2019-02-12T05:00:00Z

Right now, cryo-EM as a field is roughly where crystallography was in the 1960s or 1970s. Technologies to watch in 2019 2019-01-22T05:00:00Z

To determine what features of kiwellins might allow them to form strong and specific interactions with effector proteins, Han and colleagues used X-ray crystallography to generate structural models of ZmKWL1. Plants fight fungi using kiwellin proteins 2019-01-15T05:00:00Z

In all cases, both groups used crystals that were orders of magnitude smaller than those required for X-ray crystallography. Tiny crystals have big potential for determining structures of small molecules 2018-12-16T05:00:00Z

The resulting acyl-enzyme intermediate resists hydrolysis, allowing it to be visualized using X-ray crystallography. Enzymes engineered to trap reaction intermediates 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z

In 1946, Klug did a master’s degree in the physics department at the University of Cape Town with Reginald James, who had worked with Lawrence Bragg, the founding father of X-ray crystallography. Aaron Klug (1926-2018) 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z

In England, he worked at top-ranked institutions with some of the celebrated scientists of his era, including Rosalind Franklin, whose specialty was crystallography. Aaron Klug, Nobel-winning scientist who examined crystal structure, dies at 92 2018-11-24T05:00:00Z

Hodgkin won the 1964 chemistry prize for her pioneering work on protein crystallography and the structures of vitamin B12 and penicillin. New £50 note: Bank of England asks public to nominate scientist 2018-11-02T04:00:00Z

In X-ray crystallography, molecules are crystallized before being bombarded with X-rays. Tiny crystals have big potential for determining structures of small molecules 2018-12-16T05:00:00Z

Conventional X-ray crystallography requires scientists to laboriously grow large crystals for analysis. Daily briefing: Within two years, we must commit to saving the web of life 2018-10-29T04:00:00Z

As he relates in this absorbing account, his team raced others for decades to decipher the structure; its nonuniform crystal pattern does not lend itself to x-ray crystallography and defied years of coaxing. The Roots of Data Visualization, Why We Kill Ourselves, and Other New Science Books 2018-10-30T04:00:00Z

Grasping that this technique could answer questions about the molecular basis of life, Steitz joined a protein crystallography lab for his doctoral research. Thomas A. Steitz (1940–2018) 2018-10-29T04:00:00Z

The diffraction patterns are analysed by software that is already used in X-ray crystallography. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z

Mande’s cross-disciplinary background — he started as a physics postgraduate before turning to protein crystallography, DNA fingerprinting and computational biology — might help to steer the organization towards doing more of this kind of research, he says. New head of Indian research giant to tackle funding issues and red tape 2018-10-24T04:00:00Z

The new approach builds on a technique called electron diffraction, which sends an electron beam through a crystal and, as in x-ray crystallography, determines structure from diffraction patterns. ‘A new day for chemistry’: Molecular CT scan could dramatically speed drug discovery 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z

Their primary technique was X-ray crystallography, a method in which molecules are crystallized and bombarded with X-rays, resulting in pointillistic portraits that reveal the location of each atom. Thomas A. Steitz, biochemist who won Nobel Prize for mapping crucial molecule, dies at 78 2018-10-11T04:00:00Z

They then purified the proteins and studied their structures using X-ray crystallography. The eukaryotic ancestor shapes up 2018-10-02T04:00:00Z

A technique called X-ray crystallography has been used for decades to deduce this arrangement. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z

Structures of ion channels, such as this insect smell receptor, are tough targets for X-ray crystallography. Cryo-electron microscopy shapes up 2018-09-24T04:00:00Z

That enabled them to get structures from crystals one-billionth the size of those needed for x-ray crystallography. ‘A new day for chemistry’: Molecular CT scan could dramatically speed drug discovery 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z

Ramakrishnan retrained in X-ray crystallography, then the preferred technique of structural biologists. Ribosome reader to Royal Society leader: a biologist’s road to the Nobel 2018-09-03T04:00:00Z

Bragg shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics with his father, William Henry Bragg, for x-ray crystallography. "Foul Treachery" of Trotsky and Lenin in 1918; Phineas Gage's Brain in 1868 2018-07-01T04:00:00Z

These crystals were some 100 nanometres wide — a billion times smaller than those used in X-ray crystallography — and their structure could be resolved in under 30 minutes. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z

The quality of cryo-EM images now rivals that of X-ray crystallography, long the dominant technique for solving protein structures. Cryo-electron microscopy shapes up 2018-09-24T04:00:00Z

On the chemistry preprint server ChemRxiv, the California team reported on Wednesday that when they tried the approach with numerous samples, it worked nearly every time, delivering a resolution on par with x-ray crystallography. ‘A new day for chemistry’: Molecular CT scan could dramatically speed drug discovery 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z

An unwritten rule in crystallography at the time was that once someone had a crystal, everyone else would leave it to them to progress to atomic resolution. Ribosome reader to Royal Society leader: a biologist’s road to the Nobel 2018-09-03T04:00:00Z

That landmark discovery, made possible by the x-ray crystallography work of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, put Francis Crick and James Watson at the forefront of the burgeoning field of molecular biology. How We've Tackled the Evolving Science of DNA 2018-04-25T04:00:00Z

One obvious application for electron crystallography is elucidating potential candidates for drug development. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z

That metric is straightforward to ascertain in crystallography, but not in cryo-EM. Cryo-electron microscopy shapes up 2018-09-24T04:00:00Z

But only about one-quarter to one-third of the compounds form crystals big enough for x-ray crystallography. ‘A new day for chemistry’: Molecular CT scan could dramatically speed drug discovery 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z

The four fundamental forces are presumed to stem from successive symmetry breakings in the very early Universe, and all the riches of condensed matter and crystallography spill forth from reductions of symmetry. Asymmetry symposium unites economists, physicists and artists 2018-03-14T04:00:00Z

Her crystallography experiments proved her husband's molecular theory that won him—but not her—a Nobel Prize in chemistry. Gone in 2017: 12 Trailblazing Women in STEM 2018-01-19T05:00:00Z

Grüne is optimistic that his work will encourage hardware manufacturers to create new devices built specifically for electron crystallography. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z

Big, floppy objects tend not to form ordered crystals, so as a rule, the smaller and more rigid the protein, the more amenable it is to crystallography. Cryo-electron microscopy shapes up 2018-09-24T04:00:00Z

It takes weeks or months of careful optimization to grow crystals that are large and regular enough to have their structures probed through X-ray crystallography. Experimentalists and theorists need to talk

To see the structure of molecules at ultrahigh resolution, scientists must hold molecules in place in their natural configuration. Other microscopic techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, are far more rigid than cryo-electron microscopy. Three biophysicists win 2017 Nobel Prize in chemistry for imaging molecules of life 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z

As its name implies, crystallography requires its targets to be made into crystals. Nobel Chemistry Prize Won for Capturing Proteins in Action 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z

Further advances have brought cryo-EM within reach of resolving single atoms, rivalling x-ray crystallography. A cold, clear view of life wins chemistry Nobel 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z

The scattering can be used to create imagery of these materials in much the same way that X-ray crystallography reveals the structure of complex molecules. Canada’s neutron scientists lament closure of world’s oldest nuclear reactor 2017-09-21T04:00:00Z

A third beam planned for the end of the year will supply X-rays for crystallography, the study of the structures of proteins and viruses. A Light for Science, and Cooperation, in the Middle East 2017-05-08T04:00:00Z

In the 1990s, Henderson showed that cryo-electron microscopy could be as detailed as X-ray crystallography when he made an atomic model of a membrane protein found in microorganisms. Three biophysicists win 2017 Nobel Prize in chemistry for imaging molecules of life 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z

At 240 K, no residual solvent was found in the one-dimensional pores and a density of 0.412 g cm−3 was determined by crystallography. Functional materials discovery using energy–structure–function maps : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z

He realized that he could formulate spin physics in 'k-space', a mathematical concept used in crystallography, to image the spatial distribution of spins. Peter Mansfield (1933-2017) : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-07T05:00:00Z

The science-friendly environment that Churchill created in the United Kingdom through government funding of laboratories, telescopes and technology development spawned post-war discoveries and inventions in fields from molecular genetics to X-ray crystallography. Winston Churchill’s essay on alien life found 2017-02-14T05:00:00Z

The radiation they generate is tapped at various points , to create “beam lines” for things like X-ray crystallography. A particle accelerator in the Middle East 2016-12-20T05:00:00Z

He and his colleagues used X-ray crystallography to obtain the first image of the ribosome’s molecular structure. $25 Million in Breakthrough Prizes Given in Science and Math 2016-12-04T05:00:00Z

But there’s a major drawback: There simply aren’t enough proteins with known structures to provide templates—despite costly efforts to perform industrial-scale x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. This protein designer aims to revolutionize medicines and materials 2016-07-21T04:00:00Z

Rather, he works on one of the world's only automated X-ray crystallography beamlines. 24 hours at the X-ray factory 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z

Mr. Ridley says “The discovery of the structure of DNA depended heavily on X-ray crystallography of biological molecules, a technique developed in the wool industry to try to improve textiles.” Where Does Technological Innovation Come From? 2015-11-11T05:00:00Z

The discovery of the structure of DNA depended heavily on X-ray crystallography of biological molecules, a technique developed in the wool industry to try to improve textiles. The Myth of Basic Science 2015-10-24T04:00:00Z

Give it DNA crystallography data and it discovers the Double Helix. How Artificial Intelligence Will Revolutionize Our Lives 2015-10-07T04:00:00Z

The contest asks modelers to compute the structures of a suite of proteins for which experimental structures are just being worked out by x-ray crystallography or NMR. This protein designer aims to revolutionize medicines and materials 2016-07-21T04:00:00Z

He never gave credit to Rosalind Franklin, whose work with X-ray crystallography made his discovery possible—though he made it a point to criticize her appearance and taste in clothing. Nobel Laureates We’d Like To Forget 2015-10-06T04:00:00Z

"She was lucky to meet French scientists who invited her to work in their laboratory learning the techniques of X-ray crystallography." Remembering Rosalind: Sister recalls DNA pioneer brought to stage in Kidman play - BBC News 2015-09-13T04:00:00Z

But although X-ray crystallography has been structural biologists’ best tool, it also has major limitations. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z

Franklin, an expert in X-ray crystallography, had been recruited to King’s in late 1950. Sexism in science: Did Watson and Crick really steal Rosalind Franklin’s data? 2015-06-23T04:00:00Z

“It had some extremely sloppy crystallography in it.” Controversial molecular-analysis tool tries for a comeback 2015-06-04T04:00:00Z

Using X-ray crystallography, Dr. Rich provided a picture, detailed to the level of individual atoms, of the actual structure of one form of the DNA molecule. Alexander Rich dies at 90; made major contributions to molecular biology 2015-05-09T04:00:00Z

Researchers report that they’ve created a cryo-EM image so sharp that it rivals images produced by x-ray crystallography, the gold standard for mapping the atomic contours of proteins. Top stories: Imaging atoms, digging for diamonds, and oxygen in space 2015-05-08T04:00:00Z

While funders such as the US National Institutes of Health were ploughing hundreds of millions of dollars into ambitious crystallography initiatives, support for cryo-EM lagged far behind. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z

What Watson and Crick needed was far more than the idea of a helix – they needed precise observations from X-ray crystallography. Sexism in science: Did Watson and Crick really steal Rosalind Franklin’s data? 2015-06-23T04:00:00Z

The resolution is so sharp that it rivals images produced by x-ray crystallography, long the gold standard for mapping the atomic contours of proteins. Electron microscopes close to imaging individual atoms 2015-05-07T04:00:00Z

After these discoveries, Dr. Rich took advantage of improvements in X-ray crystallography to produce the first image of the RNA double helix at atomic resolution. Alexander Rich Dies at 90; Confirmed DNA’s Double Helix 2015-05-05T04:00:00Z

Structural biologists determine the shapes of proteins and their attached sugars primarily with x-ray crystallography. Misleading sugar structures produce bitter result for protein sleuths 2015-04-27T04:00:00Z

For large molecules, “it’s safe to predict that cryo-EM will largely supersede crystallography”, he says. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z

In X-ray crystallography, the problem is solved by arranging many copies of the same object into a crystal and looking at repeating patterns in the scattered light. Guts of giant virus imaged in 3D 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z

But until recently its resolution hasn’t even been close to crystallography and NMR. Electron microscopes close to imaging individual atoms 2015-05-07T04:00:00Z

Synchrotrons generate beams of X-rays for use in crystallography. Onwards and upwards 2015-02-19T05:00:00Z

The science of crystals, or crystallography, calls crystals shaped like these “cubic.” Salt Sculpture Stalactites 2015-01-15T05:00:00Z

Researchers such as Scheres, meanwhile, have written sophisticated software programs to morph thousands of 2D images into sharp 3D models that, in many cases, match the quality of those deciphered with crystallography. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z

But the ultimate goal is to produce fully 3D structures, as X-ray crystallography does. Guts of giant virus imaged in 3D 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z

That level of detail is equal to the resolution of many structures using x-ray crystallography, Chiu says. Electron microscopes close to imaging individual atoms 2015-05-07T04:00:00Z

Tracing wires in 3 dimensions to learn how neurons are connected is overkill: like genome sequencing by X-ray crystallography. Sebastian Seung’s Quest to Map the Human Brain 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z

Once dominated by a method called X-ray crystallography, the field is now in the thrall of a technique called cryo-electron microscopy, or cryo-EM. 365 days: Nature's 10

Results such as these are attracting the attention of drug companies hoping to study medically important proteins that have resisted crystallography. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z

To reveal the structure of molecules, scientists use a process called X-ray crystallography. Crystal beauty: Illuminating the structure of matter 2014-11-10T05:00:00Z

But the campus operates as a limited company that aims to provide industry with research and services such as microscopy and crystallography, at a profit. After the Berlin Wall: Central Europe up close 2014-11-04T05:00:00Z

But there are many questions, such as how to store and distribute the data sets, which are much larger than crystallography files. Data bank struggles as protein imaging ups its game 2014-10-21T04:00:00Z

Ramakrishnan had won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in determining the structure of the bacterial ribosome using X-ray crystallography. 365 days: Nature's 10

The solution of ribosome structures by X-ray crystallography won three chemists the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry — but those efforts took decades. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z

His aim was to tell the story of crystallography around the UK and to showcase some of the facilities used to study its applications. Crystal beauty: Illuminating the structure of matter 2014-11-10T05:00:00Z

The β-receptor is flexible and biochemically unstable and it is difficult to obtain enough protein to allow crystallography trials. Q&A: Brian Kobilka : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-10-14T04:00:00Z

In many cases, this is a task perfect for crystallography, in which a molecule is bombarded with X-rays and the pattern of scattered radiation reveals the position of each atom. Data bank struggles as protein imaging ups its game 2014-10-21T04:00:00Z

After earning a degree in mathematics and science at the University of Cambridge, UK, in 1922, Bernal did his postgraduate training in X-ray crystallography before joining the Cambridge faculty in 1927. In Retrospect: The Social Function of Science 2014-03-26T18:20:30.037Z

In a related Perspective in Science Signaling, Smerdon discusses the insights into the regulation of the kinase mTOR gained from protein crystallography. [Introduction to Special Issue] Going from Strength to Strength 2014-03-06T20:25:38.551Z

The world of science and art merging is nothing new, but crystallography is seen by some as an art form in itself. Crystal beauty: Illuminating the structure of matter 2014-11-10T05:00:00Z

The structural information provided by crystallography is being complemented by techniques for studying the chemistry and texture of samples subjected to ultrahigh pressures. Earth science: Crystallography's journey to the deep Earth 2014-02-26T18:21:20.042Z

And going from raw data to a model involves more steps with hybrid methods than in crystallography; it also requires more assumptions, often leading to multiple possible ways of interpreting the results. Data bank struggles as protein imaging ups its game 2014-10-21T04:00:00Z

Now a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Luger still uses X-ray crystallography to study chromatin, the DNA–protein complex that packages genomes tightly inside cells. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

The 23rd IUCr Congress and General Assembly in Montreal, Canada, in August will provide plenty of opportunities to celebrate the past triumphs of crystallography. Policy: Crystallography needs a governing body 2014-01-29T18:51:10.458Z

It opens up a new set of people that might be engaged with crystallography and the science, just as we're engaging with the arts. Crystal beauty: Illuminating the structure of matter 2014-11-10T05:00:00Z

“This was a shocking thing to the crystallography community,” says Spence: such researchers had never contemplated a computational challenge of this magnitude. X-ray science: The big guns 2014-01-29T18:50:58.094Z

The use of these machines caused a boom in crystallography studies. Crystallography: Atomic secrets 2014-01-29T18:50:52.346Z

Increased competition for research grants also forced crystallography labs to become more well rounded. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

An increase in flux and brilliance over existing sources, coupled with adequate resolution, would enable neutron crystallography on small enzyme crystals, for example. Policy: Crystallography needs a governing body 2014-01-29T18:51:10.458Z

Despite that huge advance, if you stopped someone in the street and asked them what crystallography was, chances are you would get a blank stare. So 2014 Is International Crystallography Year 2014-01-09T09:50:23Z

So for the past century, physicists have relied on X-ray crystallography, in which they fire a beam of X-rays through a crystal lattice of identical molecules and record the resulting 'diffraction pattern' of scattered X-rays. X-ray science: The big guns 2014-01-29T18:50:58.094Z

X-ray crystallography of G protein–coupled receptors and other membrane proteins is hampered by difficulties associated with growing sufficiently large crystals that withstand radiation damage and yield high-resolution data at synchrotron sources. [Report] Serial Femtosecond Crystallography of G Protein–Coupled Receptors 2013-12-19T21:56:52.179Z

Despite the PSI's closure, Hendrickson, whose lab specializes in membrane proteins and was part of the initiative, says that it is too early to gauge the impact on crystallography job prospects. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

Aeroplanes fly safely because crystallography tests computer models of materials under stress. Policy: Crystallography needs a governing body 2014-01-29T18:51:10.458Z

But the story of crystallography starts much earlier. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z

Whether trying to purify grams of protein for crystallography or testing the feasibility of turning a novel gene product into a new drug, these researchers soon find themselves pondering the complications of larger-scale cell culture. [Business Office Feature] LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES Living Large: Scaling Up Cell Culture 2013-12-05T18:57:44.026Z

Discovered to be a virus in 1930, TMV is both stable and structurally simple, and thus, it easily forms crystals, making it an excellent candidate for x-ray crystallography studies. Google celebrates Rosalind Franklin, British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer 2013-07-25T11:20:01Z

There is also a growing list of contract companies that specialize in crystallography. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

The theory of bonding provided tantalizing explanations, but it was crystallography that allowed us to confirm the common provenance of molecules and the true nature of the chemical bond. Lindau 2013: Chemistry and diversity 2013-06-21T14:45:17.900Z

Prof Glazer says: "Although other subjects make use of what we do, it's true to say that many of my fellow scientists find crystallography a bit of a mystery." Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z

Isabella Karle, who was also a chemist at the Naval Research Laboratory, joined her husband in the work, employing X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of previously intractable molecules. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z

I am inspired by the way she and her colleagues were determined and persevered to elucidate three-dimensional biomolecular structures, and in the process pushed scientific boundaries by leading the way to field of x-ray crystallography. 30 under 30: Wielding Chemistry to Create a Healthier World 2013-06-03T12:15:00.390Z

As well as permanent positions, many synchrotrons offer training programmes in crystallography. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

The first asteroid was discovered by a priest named Giuseppe Piazzi. is called the “father of crystallography.” was one of the discoverers of sunspots and discovered the rotation of the sun on its axis. Will Pope Francis Inspire More Priest Scientists? 2013-03-25T00:39:56Z

X-ray crystallography is a variation of the method that is used to determine the structure of crystalline solids. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z

With faster computers in the 1970s, the use and acceptance of X-ray crystallography accelerated. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z

Roth and his colleagues uncovered the receptor structures using X-ray crystallography, in which X-ray beams are fired at crystals of the compound, and the structure is deduced from how the beams scatter. Serotonin Receptors Offer Clues to New Antidepressants 2013-03-22T22:15:00.563Z

Structural biologists are developing methods to expand the capabilities of conventional X-ray crystallography, with potential implications for future practitioners. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

Only 50 miles away, however, a team of scientists at King's College in London was using a relatively new technique called X-ray crystallography to study DNA. February 28: The Day Scientists Discovered the Double Helix 2013-02-28T18:45:00.210Z

The Braggs are regarded as founders of X-ray crystallography; they analysed the way crystals scatter, or diffract, into patterns on photographic plates. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z

In X-ray crystallography, an X-ray beam bounces off the crystal form of a molecule to produce a pattern of points of light. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z

He was greatly attracted by the x-ray crystallography research on larger biological molecules in Hodgkin's laboratory, where he went as a postdoctoral research assistant. Guy Dodson obituary 2013-01-28T17:25:31Z

“This opens up a whole new universe of protein molecules for crystallography that we couldn't do before because we couldn't grow big enough crystals,” he says. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

Keith O. Hodgson and Shooter is therefore an important first step in determining the three-dimensional structure of the molecule by x-ray crystallography. The Nerve-Growth Factor: A New Tool for Manipulating Neurons 2013-01-03T11:15:00.190Z

When Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins experimented with X-ray crystallography, the iconic photo 51 was born. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z

In the early years, the X-ray crystallography calculations were laborious. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z

Since then hundreds of thousands of molecular structures have been determined via X-ray crystallography, with important consequences for physics, chemistry, and biology. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z

A digital model of a nucleosome, drawn with the use of X-ray crystallography data. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

But the size and flexibility of GPCRs was a problem for traditional x-ray crystallography. Receptor Scientists Nab Chemistry Nobel 2012-10-10T23:13:51Z

The International Union of Crystallography which can in some way be attributed to the field of crystallography. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z

Dr. Karle continued to work at the Naval Research Laboratory and advanced his studies of X-ray crystallography. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z

X-ray crystallography has greatly improved our knowledge of physics, chemistry, and organic chemistry, but its impact on biology has been enormous. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z

She is now working with Luger, using crystallography — and other methods — to study how DNA is packaged into chromatin. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

From there we used crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance to establish the structure of the proteins. Turning point: Jim Hoch 2012-06-13T17:20:44.627Z

But when they tried to model the spike using the data from the x-ray crystallography work, the tip remained invisible. Bacteria-Killing Viruses Wield an Iron Spike 2012-02-24T20:55:00Z

The technique developed by Dr. Karle and Herbert A. Hauptman, called X-ray crystallography, is now routinely used by scientists to determine the shapes of complex molecules like proteins. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z

X-ray crystallography provides the means to determine what these “invisible” molecules look like and to help answer some fundamental questions about their roles in cells, and how they carry these roles out. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z

Now that synchrotrons are widespread, crystallography labs no longer need their own expensive X-ray facilities. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

For this reason the physical science of crystallography has developed side by side with that of mineralogy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z

This allowed them to use a technique called x-ray crystallography, in which they bombard the crystals with x-rays, to get a sense of the proteins' structure. Bacteria-Killing Viruses Wield an Iron Spike 2012-02-24T20:55:00Z

In it he divided morphology into two sections—tectology, the science of organic individuality; and promorphology, which aims at establishing a crystallography of organic forms. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z

By the mid-1960s, Michael Rossmann and David Blow, both contributors to Perutz’s Nobel Prize winning work, were pioneering the modern version of crystallography, developing computer programs that allowed automated processing of protein crystallographic data. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z

The crystallography purist who prefers not to dabble in other techniques might consider a career as a beamline scientist, loading crystals for researchers and overseeing them as they collect data. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

This means that it undergoes a distinct crystallography change – it will no longer have a crystalline structure but will be amorphous or fluid, and that’s when it’s digestible. The Science Of Leftovers: Why They Taste SO Good 2011-11-23T14:53:34Z

He continued to work on problems in crystallography, shifting his attention in the mid-1980s to the analysis of larger molecular structures. Herbert A. Hauptman, Nobel-Winning Mathematician, Dies at 94 2011-10-25T00:06:04Z

Continue reading In the chemistry category, FoSheng Hsu, a chemist at Cornell University, guides viewers through the entire sequence of steps required for x-ray crystallography. 'Dance Your Ph.D.' Winner Announced 2011-10-20T19:00:00Z

Protein structure determination is only part of X-ray crystallography’s impact on biology. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z

Twenty years ago, many academic labs existed just for X-ray crystallography. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

They never think of going in for astronomy—or crystal-what-is-it—crystallography—or something chilly—and face that boldly——" Dorothy laughed.—"You absurd girl!" "—but no. A Crooked Mile 2011-10-03T02:00:26.870Z

They turned their attention to X-ray crystallography, a means of deducing the three-dimensional structure of a molecule by analyzing how a crystal form of the molecule scatters a beam of X-rays aimed at it. Herbert A. Hauptman, Nobel-Winning Mathematician, Dies at 94 2011-10-25T00:06:04Z

Using x-ray crystallography to solve protein structure is the focus in our lab. 'Dance Your Ph.D.' Winner Announced 2011-10-20T19:00:00Z

The contributions of crystallography to biology were not limited to DNA and proteins. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z

Nowadays, labs are much more focused on specific scientific questions, and X-ray crystallography is just one of a suite of tools that they use. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z

Scientists may even be able to study the gamers’ unconventional folding techniques to improve existing crystallography software. One point for crowdsourcing: Gamers solve protein structure of AIDS-like protein 2011-09-28T16:18:14Z

From the outset, Professor Miller apprehended more clearly than any previous writer the all-embracing scope of the great law of crystallography. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z

As Reuters reported: This team developed a method using X-ray crystallography to test very large numbers of human plasma cells, to increase their odds of finding an antibody even if it was extremely rare. One Shot Wonder? Progress on a Universal Flu Vaccine 2011-07-23T05:25:00Z

Sadly, the next great milestone in X-ray crystallography’s history may end up its obituary. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z

To zero in on the binding site, Lanzavecchia's team used X-ray crystallography. Antibody That Binds to All Influenza A Viruses Could Lead to a Universal Flu Vaccine 2011-07-28T22:15:00.213Z

Despite using advanced crystallography technology, scientists at the University of Washington kept encountering roadblocks while trying to discern the protein’s structure. One point for crowdsourcing: Gamers solve protein structure of AIDS-like protein 2011-09-28T16:18:14Z

One of the most important of these principles, and one which in the treatise is involved in the enunciation of the fundamental law of crystallography, is in its essence nothing but an analytical device. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z

This team developed a method using X-ray crystallography to test very large numbers of human plasma cells, to increase their odds of finding an antibody even if it was extremely rare. Flu "super antibody" may bring universal shot closer 2011-07-28T18:17:14Z

Figure 4: Left: Structure determination by X-ray crystallography. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z

M. Pasteur at thirty—a great man already, for already he has made discoveries in crystallography which have won him a name among scientists. McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893 2011-07-21T02:00:22.737Z

He introduced a new classification of minerals, based on crystallography. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z

The foundations of crystallography had been laid long before Miller's time. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z

In France such distinguished names as Lamarck, the great founder of modern biology and the first to broach the theory of evolution; Ha�y, the father of crystallography; Laplace, and many others might be mentioned. Makers of Modern Medicine 2011-03-05T03:00:29.580Z

This point, however, has been sufficiently considered, when treating of the unvarying uniformity of the laws of chemistry and crystallography. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z

Beside the hero of the studies in crystallography M. Pasteur places his latest picture. McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893 2011-07-21T02:00:22.737Z

Dimorph�ism, in crystallography, the crystallization of a body in forms belonging to two different systems, or in incompatible forms of the same system, a peculiarity exhibited by sulphur, carbon, &c. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z

There has been nothing peculiar, however, in the growth of crystallography. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z

So also was it in the science of crystallography. Woman in Science With an Introductory Chapter on Woman's Long Struggle for Things of the Mind 2011-01-12T03:00:29.853Z

In the first place, the laws of chemistry and crystallography, electricity and magnetism, have ever been the same in all past conditions of the earth. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z

The enthusiastic student of crystallography was forced to change the subject of his studies. McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893 2011-07-21T02:00:22.737Z

Using x-ray crystallography to obtain snapshots of the ribosome in action, they have been able to explain how the ribosome selects and couples together amino acids to form proteins. World Changing Ideas: December's Scientific American 2011-01-05T22:18:46.567Z

Whether Weiss or Mohs contributed most to advance crystallography to its more philosophical stage, it is not important here to inquire. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z

She, and eventually her co-winners, used a technique called X-ray crystallography to try to pinpoint the positions of individual atoms in the ribosome. Three Scientists Share Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009-10-08T04:00:00Z

Indeed, with the exception of the planetary motions and crystallography, chemical combination is the most perfect example of practical mathematics to be found in nature. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z

The researchers froze one of the antibodies in the process of attaching to and neutralizing the virus, getting an atomic-level image in a process called x-ray crystallography. Many forks loom in road to AIDS vaccine 2010-07-17T18:58:00Z

In yet another experiment, they managed to freeze one of the antibodies in the process of attaching to and neutralizing the virus, getting an atomic-level image in a process called x-ray crystallography. Antibody finding may help in quest for AIDS vaccine 2010-07-08T18:13:00Z

For this, as well as applications to crystallography, see: M. Moore, “Symmetrical intersections of right circular cylinders,” Mathematical Gazette, Vol. It Slices, It Dices 2010-04-19T16:27:00Z

In a long and successful career, she was responsible for crucial developments in the techniques of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine the three dimensional structures of complex organic molecules. Atomic wallpaper 2010-03-05T18:17:00Z

In short, in crystallography we have another example of perfect practical mathematics, as perfect as the theory. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z

This was especially exemplified in the case of the Abb� Ha�y, whose work in crystallography was to mean so much. Catholic Churchmen in Science

Such regular interpenetrations are known in crystallography as “twins.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus"

Little Leo, it appeared, was working his way simultaneously through biology, astrophysics, phrenology, chemical engineering, architecture, Christian Science, psychosomatic medicine, marine law; business management, Yoga, crystallography, metaphysics and modern literature. Special Delivery

This involves a study of their crystallography, chemical composition, physical qualities, and optical properties as studied with the microscope. The Economic Aspect of Geology

I learnt a great deal on a variety of subjects besides crystallography from Dr. Wollaston, who, at his death, left me a collection of models of the forms of all the natural crystals then known. Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville

Like many another advance in science, Ha�y's first great original step in crystallography was the result of what would be called a lucky accident. Catholic Churchmen in Science

In geometry, and in geometrical crystallography, the term denotes a line which serves to aid the orientation of a figure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon"

Now in crystallography there are only thirty-two possible classes of crystal lattice construction. Highways in Hiding

It was intended to be a "crystallography of the organic," and to lay the foundations of a mechanistic morphology, or morphography at least. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology

All persons who have paid attention to crystallography are aware that crystals are built up, and have lines of cleavage. Watch and Clock Escapements A Complete Study in Theory and Practice of the Lever, Cylinder and Chronometer Escapements, Together with a Brief Account of the Origin and Evolution of the Escapement in Horology

When the order for his release came, however, Ha�y was engaged on a very interesting problem in crystallography, and he refused to interrupt his work and leave the prison. Catholic Churchmen in Science

Geology and crystallography not only opened up for me a higher circle of knowledge and insight, but also showed me a higher goal for my inquiry, my speculation, and my endeavour. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore.

He was still trying to read a little chemistry and crystallography, but it didn't "go with the life." Mr. Britling Sees It Through

The science of manures caused some discussion as to whether it should be agriculture or science, but it was finally settled in favour of science, which also included physics, electricity and crystallography. Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 156, February 5, 1919

The animal was classified very nearly after the manner adopted in crystallography. Bramble-Bees and Others

While I received much benefit from the lectures on natural history at the university, I could not fall in with the views held there as to fixed forms—crystallography, mineralogy, and natural philosophy. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore.

One of the present writers studied crystallography later on with a professor who had been a colleague of Froebel's in this same school, and who himself was also a pupil of Pestalozzi. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore.

Two sets of interests pulled at him, one—it will seem a dry interest to many readers, but for Hugh it glittered and fascinated—was crystallography and molecular physics; the other was caricature. Mr. Britling Sees It Through

Though the splendid lectures I heard on mineralogy, crystallography, geology, etc., led me to see the uniformity of Nature in her working, yet a higher and greater unity lay in my own mind. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore.

单词	crystallography
例句	crystallography It was bad enough learning crystallography without having to acquire the witchcraft-like techniques of the biochemist. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z To decipher the structure of DNA, Wilkins had decided to corral a set of biophysical techniques invented in nearby Cambridge—crystallography and X-ray diffraction. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z At the time of my arrival, Francis’ theories spread far beyond the confines of protein crystallography. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z For almost forty years Bragg, a Nobel Prize winner and one of the founders of crystallography, had been watching X-ray diffraction methods solve structures of ever-increasing difficulty.* Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z For the first time I had a real incentive to learn some crystallography: I did not want Rosy to speak over my head. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z In the winter of 1950, the head of the Biophysics Unit, J. T. Randall, recruited an additional young scientist to work on crystallography. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z They were boarding a train for Oxford to meet Dorothy Hodgkin, the grande dame of crystallography. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Instead I told them that I now knew that X-ray crystallography was the key to genetics. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z After the war Fankuchen lost interest in viruses, and, though Bernal dabbled at protein crystallography, he was more concerned about furthering good relations with the Communist countries. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z He would come at it with a bang, deploying his deep understanding of chemistry, mathematics, and crystallography—but more important, his instinctual grasp of model building. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Franklin’s experiments, in which she successfully used X-ray crystallography to create images of DNA, became the basis for James Watson and Francis Crick’s groundbreaking 1953 discovery of the double helix structure. Rosalind Franklin’s Role in DNA Discovery, Once Ignored, Is Told Anew in Song 2023-05-29T04:00:00Z In 1959 Max Perutz, whose methodological work had been crucial to Kendrew's success, solved the structure of haemoglobin, only the second protein molecule to be analysed by X-ray crystallography. Myoglobin: turd of the century? 2013-04-19T06:29:00Z In this scene, six actors are in a lab using an X-ray crystallography machine to try to capture an image of DNA. Rosalind Franklin’s Role in DNA Discovery, Once Ignored, Is Told Anew in Song 2023-05-29T04:00:00Z Huard used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of the proteins. Novel bacterial proteins from seafloor shine light on climate and astrobiology 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Traditionally working out those structures was done using electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, a process which could take years. How the power of protein is being uncovered 2023-05-18T04:00:00Z X-ray crystallography is a method for investigating molecular structure by observing the patterns formed by X-rays shot through a crystal of the substance. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z That’s because data sharing is already common in fields such as protein crystallography and astronomy. Ready, set, share: Researchers brace for new data-sharing rules 2023-01-24T05:00:00Z During that time, Pasteur became interested in the origins of life and worked in the field of polarized light and crystallography. Louis Pasteur's work still saves lives 2022-10-19T04:00:00Z As a graduate student, McLellan learned to use a powerful technique called X-ray crystallography to reveal the nooks and crannies of proteins — the building blocks of life — in atomic-level detail. For decades, fear and failure in the hunt for an RSV vaccine. Now, success. 2022-10-10T04:00:00Z This process is known as x-ray crystallography because of the information it can yield about crystal structure, and it was the type of data Rosalind Franklin supplied to Watson and Crick for DNA. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In Wilkins’ lab, researcher Rosalind Franklin was using X-ray crystallography to understand the structure of DNA. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z On her 16th birthday, her mother, Molly, gifted her a book on X-ray crystallography, which had a profound impact on the trajectory of her career. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z X-ray crystallography, for example, enables scientists to determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein crystal at atomic resolution. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z McLellan used X-ray crystallography to determine the precise shape of the F protein, showing that before RSV gets into cells, it assumed an elusive lollipop shape. For decades, fear and failure in the hunt for an RSV vaccine. Now, success. 2022-10-10T04:00:00Z Before AlphaFold2 we had to crystallize the proteins and solve the structures using X-ray crystallography, a process that took months and cost tens of thousands of dollars per structure. A celebrated AI has learned a new trick: How to do chemistry 2022-06-20T04:00:00Z But Yanik does think the approach will be useful—especially given its relative affordability compared with other ways of monitoring proteins, such as x-ray crystallography. Tiny Antennas Made from DNA Light Up Protein Activity 2022-04-25T04:00:00Z At Cambridge, Dorothy recognized the promise of X-ray crystallography for protein structure determinations, conducting research that earned her a PhD in 1937. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Pauling had discovered the secondary structure of proteins using X-ray crystallography. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some of the X-ray crystallography work around the discovery of the structure of DNA — the computation for that was done using EDSAC. The future of computers is only $4 away, with Raspberry Pi CEO Eben Upton 2022-03-08T05:00:00Z He would go on to graduate school to study X-ray crystallography, the difficult and painstaking art of making tiny crystals of proteins and then blasting them with X-rays to figure out their three-dimensional structure. Halting Progress and Happy Accidents: How mRNA Vaccines Were Made 2022-01-15T05:00:00Z This technique, known as x-ray crystallography, soon became the leading approach; today, the field’s central repository, the Protein Data Bank, contains some 185,000 experimentally solved structures. Science’s 2021 Breakthrough of the Year: AI brings protein structures to all 2021-12-15T05:00:00Z Mapping proteins’ shapes down to the atomic scale has until recently required costly and slow experimental techniques, such as x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AI cracks the code of protein complexes—providing a road map for new drug targets 2021-11-10T05:00:00Z Moult says structural biologists have dreamed for decades that accurate computer models would one day augment extremely precise protein shapes derived from experimental methods such as x-ray crystallography. New public database of AI-predicted protein structures could transform biology 2021-07-22T04:00:00Z His team crystallizes promising enzymes, then uses x-ray crystallography to peer into their structures, deciphering how they bind to polymers and help break their chemical links. Could plastic-eating microbes take a bite out of the recycling problem? 2021-07-01T04:00:00Z Another technique, x-ray crystallography, has long been the gold standard for mapping individual atoms within a 3D protein structure. The science stories likely to make headlines in 2021 2020-12-31T05:00:00Z With advances in cloning, animal models, and x-ray crystallography, researchers can now make and screen more mAbs than ever before, simplifying their search. Science’s 2021 Breakthrough of the Year: AI brings protein structures to all 2021-12-15T05:00:00Z So, McLellan used x-ray crystallography—a technique that uses x-ray beams to determine the structure of proteins—to capture an image of the prefusion protein for the first time. They spent 12 years solving a puzzle. It yielded the first COVID-19 vaccines. 2020-12-31T05:00:00Z Data from x-ray crystallography and cryo–electron microscopy experiments can be difficult to interpret, Baek and others say, and having a model can help. New public database of AI-predicted protein structures could transform biology 2021-07-22T04:00:00Z X-ray crystallography has produced the lion’s share of protein structures. DeepMind’s AI Makes Gigantic Leap in Solving Protein Structures 2020-12-01T05:00:00Z It even excelled at solving structures of proteins that sit wedged in cell membranes, which are central to many human diseases but notoriously difficult to solve with x-ray crystallography. ‘The game has changed.’ AI triumphs at solving protein structures 2020-11-30T05:00:00Z It features a stylized version of her X-ray crystallography image of DNA, which contributed to the discovery of the molecule’s double-helix structure. Daily briefing: Three vaccines show early promise for COVID-19 2020-07-20T04:00:00Z X-ray crystallography saturates proteins in a salt bath solution until they form crystals akin to rock candy. They spent 12 years solving a puzzle. It yielded the first COVID-19 vaccines. 2020-12-31T05:00:00Z In essence, it is because of Franklin, her collaborators and successors, that today’s researchers are able to use tools such as DNA sequencing and X-ray crystallography to investigate viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Rosalind Franklin was so much more than the ‘wronged heroine’ of DNA 2020-07-20T04:00:00Z The structure of the CTD was determined by x-ray crystallography, a technique that requires crystallizing purified copies of the protein. How I Built a 3-D Model of the Coronavirus for Scientific American 2020-06-25T04:00:00Z But Stark thinks X-ray crystallography will retain some appeal. Cryo-EM used to visualize individual atoms for first time 2020-06-02T04:00:00Z In Lübeck, Germany, Rolf Hilgenfeld stopped packing boxes for his retirement and started preparing buffers for crystallography. The sprint to solve coronavirus protein structures — and disarm them with drugs 2020-05-14T04:00:00Z Researchers with the Scripps Institute in California utilized high-resolution X-ray crystallography tools in a paper recently published in the journal Science to capture the antibody's atomic structure. Antibody points to potential weak spot on novel coronavirus 2020-04-14T04:00:00Z Scientists at the University of Minnesota used X-ray crystallography to create an atomic-scale 3D map of the virus’s spike protein and its corresponding partner on human cells, known as the ACE-2 receptor. New study sheds light on coronavirus infection mechanism 2020-03-30T04:00:00Z Those individual pieces can be studied separately from the virus, using cryo-EM, x-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, resulting in atomic or near-atomic detail 3-D models. How I Built a 3-D Model of the Coronavirus for Scientific American 2020-06-25T04:00:00Z But scientists have had to largely rely on X-ray crystallography for obtaining atomic-resolution structures. Cryo-EM used to visualize individual atoms for first time 2020-06-02T04:00:00Z One is X-ray crystallography, which involves growing tiny crystals of pure protein and revealing their internal structure by bombarding them with X-rays from a high-energy electron beam. The sprint to solve coronavirus protein structures — and disarm them with drugs 2020-05-14T04:00:00Z Lin et al. began their investigation of the structural basis for GPR52 activation using X-ray crystallography. A self-activating orphan receptor 2020-02-18T05:00:00Z For decades, structural biologists preferred to use X-ray crystallography, a technique that involves crystallizing proteins, pummelling them with X-rays and reconstructing their shape from the resulting tell-tale patterns of diffracted light. Revolutionary cryo-EM is taking over structural biology 2020-02-09T05:00:00Z His team obtained this using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography. Jack Baldwin (1938–2020) 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z Cryo-EM needs fewer copies of a protein molecule than x-ray crystallography, and yet purifying techniques haven’t changed significantly in 20 years, he says. ‘We need a people’s cryo-EM.’ Scientists hope to bring revolutionary microscope to the masses 2020-01-23T05:00:00Z “It will probably supersede crystallography in the job market.” The microscopic advances that are opening big opportunities in cell biology 2019-11-26T05:00:00Z He wants the team to perform x-ray crystallography, a gold standard technique to determine structure, on larger samples. The next graphene? Shiny and magnetic, a new form of pure carbon dazzles with potential 2019-11-12T05:00:00Z Kathleen Lonsdale pioneered the form of crystallography in which X-rays are directed at a sample to measure diffraction and determine its atomic and molecular structure. 150 years of scientific illustration 2019-11-04T05:00:00Z “We have notable women there, like Twiggy, the judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the aviator Amelia Earhart, notorious spy Mata Hari, and Rosalind Franklin, the scientist whose crystallography enabled the discovery of DNA,” said Haworth, 77. With a little help from her friends: Sgt Pepper artist’s all-female version 2019-10-26T04:00:00Z Perutz’s group was using X-ray crystallography to unravel the structures of the proteins haemoglobin and myoglobin. The structure of DNA 2019-10-08T04:00:00Z X-ray crystallography typically requires that the structure of the molecule studied is consistent throughout the sample. A key to unlocking chromatin revealed by complex structures 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z The traditional way of answering it was by lab-based x-ray crystallography, which is expensive and slow. Douglas Adams was right – knowledge without understanding is meaningless \| John Naughton 2019-08-24T04:00:00Z Traditionally, researchers have used a process called X-ray crystallography to see what goes on at near-atomic levels. Why 'blobology' is the new hot topic in science 2019-08-21T04:00:00Z The X-ray crystallography process is used to discern differences among various materials … especially alloys - of great significance to Fuel Cells. Army sets sights on new full cell technology 2019-08-12T04:00:00Z These approaches are cheaper and faster than existing lab techniques such as X-ray crystallography, and the knowledge could help researchers to better understand diseases and design drugs. AI protein-folding algorithms solve structures faster than ever 2019-07-21T04:00:00Z Over the following decades, a different story emerged, one that was finally confirmed by x-ray crystallography in 2005. Meet the blue crew, scientists trying to give food, flowers, and more a color rarely found in nature 2019-05-02T04:00:00Z But physics really entered the fray when X-ray crystallography was harnessed to study biological macromolecules. The forgotten scientists who paved the way to the double helix 2019-04-15T04:00:00Z Franklin was an instrumental part of the team that revealed the double-helix structure of DNA in the 1950s, using X-ray crystallography, but her contribution was long overlooked. Reactor shutdown, record heat and Indonesia protests 2019-02-12T05:00:00Z Right now, cryo-EM as a field is roughly where crystallography was in the 1960s or 1970s. Technologies to watch in 2019 2019-01-22T05:00:00Z To determine what features of kiwellins might allow them to form strong and specific interactions with effector proteins, Han and colleagues used X-ray crystallography to generate structural models of ZmKWL1. Plants fight fungi using kiwellin proteins 2019-01-15T05:00:00Z In all cases, both groups used crystals that were orders of magnitude smaller than those required for X-ray crystallography. Tiny crystals have big potential for determining structures of small molecules 2018-12-16T05:00:00Z The resulting acyl-enzyme intermediate resists hydrolysis, allowing it to be visualized using X-ray crystallography. Enzymes engineered to trap reaction intermediates 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z In 1946, Klug did a master’s degree in the physics department at the University of Cape Town with Reginald James, who had worked with Lawrence Bragg, the founding father of X-ray crystallography. Aaron Klug (1926-2018) 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z In England, he worked at top-ranked institutions with some of the celebrated scientists of his era, including Rosalind Franklin, whose specialty was crystallography. Aaron Klug, Nobel-winning scientist who examined crystal structure, dies at 92 2018-11-24T05:00:00Z Hodgkin won the 1964 chemistry prize for her pioneering work on protein crystallography and the structures of vitamin B12 and penicillin. New £50 note: Bank of England asks public to nominate scientist 2018-11-02T04:00:00Z In X-ray crystallography, molecules are crystallized before being bombarded with X-rays. Tiny crystals have big potential for determining structures of small molecules 2018-12-16T05:00:00Z Conventional X-ray crystallography requires scientists to laboriously grow large crystals for analysis. Daily briefing: Within two years, we must commit to saving the web of life 2018-10-29T04:00:00Z As he relates in this absorbing account, his team raced others for decades to decipher the structure; its nonuniform crystal pattern does not lend itself to x-ray crystallography and defied years of coaxing. The Roots of Data Visualization, Why We Kill Ourselves, and Other New Science Books 2018-10-30T04:00:00Z Grasping that this technique could answer questions about the molecular basis of life, Steitz joined a protein crystallography lab for his doctoral research. Thomas A. Steitz (1940–2018) 2018-10-29T04:00:00Z The diffraction patterns are analysed by software that is already used in X-ray crystallography. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z Mande’s cross-disciplinary background — he started as a physics postgraduate before turning to protein crystallography, DNA fingerprinting and computational biology — might help to steer the organization towards doing more of this kind of research, he says. New head of Indian research giant to tackle funding issues and red tape 2018-10-24T04:00:00Z The new approach builds on a technique called electron diffraction, which sends an electron beam through a crystal and, as in x-ray crystallography, determines structure from diffraction patterns. ‘A new day for chemistry’: Molecular CT scan could dramatically speed drug discovery 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z Their primary technique was X-ray crystallography, a method in which molecules are crystallized and bombarded with X-rays, resulting in pointillistic portraits that reveal the location of each atom. Thomas A. Steitz, biochemist who won Nobel Prize for mapping crucial molecule, dies at 78 2018-10-11T04:00:00Z They then purified the proteins and studied their structures using X-ray crystallography. The eukaryotic ancestor shapes up 2018-10-02T04:00:00Z A technique called X-ray crystallography has been used for decades to deduce this arrangement. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z Structures of ion channels, such as this insect smell receptor, are tough targets for X-ray crystallography. Cryo-electron microscopy shapes up 2018-09-24T04:00:00Z That enabled them to get structures from crystals one-billionth the size of those needed for x-ray crystallography. ‘A new day for chemistry’: Molecular CT scan could dramatically speed drug discovery 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z Ramakrishnan retrained in X-ray crystallography, then the preferred technique of structural biologists. Ribosome reader to Royal Society leader: a biologist’s road to the Nobel 2018-09-03T04:00:00Z Bragg shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics with his father, William Henry Bragg, for x-ray crystallography. "Foul Treachery" of Trotsky and Lenin in 1918; Phineas Gage's Brain in 1868 2018-07-01T04:00:00Z These crystals were some 100 nanometres wide — a billion times smaller than those used in X-ray crystallography — and their structure could be resolved in under 30 minutes. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z The quality of cryo-EM images now rivals that of X-ray crystallography, long the dominant technique for solving protein structures. Cryo-electron microscopy shapes up 2018-09-24T04:00:00Z On the chemistry preprint server ChemRxiv, the California team reported on Wednesday that when they tried the approach with numerous samples, it worked nearly every time, delivering a resolution on par with x-ray crystallography. ‘A new day for chemistry’: Molecular CT scan could dramatically speed drug discovery 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z An unwritten rule in crystallography at the time was that once someone had a crystal, everyone else would leave it to them to progress to atomic resolution. Ribosome reader to Royal Society leader: a biologist’s road to the Nobel 2018-09-03T04:00:00Z That landmark discovery, made possible by the x-ray crystallography work of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, put Francis Crick and James Watson at the forefront of the burgeoning field of molecular biology. How We've Tackled the Evolving Science of DNA 2018-04-25T04:00:00Z One obvious application for electron crystallography is elucidating potential candidates for drug development. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z That metric is straightforward to ascertain in crystallography, but not in cryo-EM. Cryo-electron microscopy shapes up 2018-09-24T04:00:00Z But only about one-quarter to one-third of the compounds form crystals big enough for x-ray crystallography. ‘A new day for chemistry’: Molecular CT scan could dramatically speed drug discovery 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z The four fundamental forces are presumed to stem from successive symmetry breakings in the very early Universe, and all the riches of condensed matter and crystallography spill forth from reductions of symmetry. Asymmetry symposium unites economists, physicists and artists 2018-03-14T04:00:00Z Her crystallography experiments proved her husband's molecular theory that won him—but not her—a Nobel Prize in chemistry. Gone in 2017: 12 Trailblazing Women in STEM 2018-01-19T05:00:00Z Grüne is optimistic that his work will encourage hardware manufacturers to create new devices built specifically for electron crystallography. 'Why didn’t we think to do this earlier?' Chemists thrilled by speedy atomic structures 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z Big, floppy objects tend not to form ordered crystals, so as a rule, the smaller and more rigid the protein, the more amenable it is to crystallography. Cryo-electron microscopy shapes up 2018-09-24T04:00:00Z It takes weeks or months of careful optimization to grow crystals that are large and regular enough to have their structures probed through X-ray crystallography. Experimentalists and theorists need to talk To see the structure of molecules at ultrahigh resolution, scientists must hold molecules in place in their natural configuration. Other microscopic techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, are far more rigid than cryo-electron microscopy. Three biophysicists win 2017 Nobel Prize in chemistry for imaging molecules of life 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z As its name implies, crystallography requires its targets to be made into crystals. Nobel Chemistry Prize Won for Capturing Proteins in Action 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z Further advances have brought cryo-EM within reach of resolving single atoms, rivalling x-ray crystallography. A cold, clear view of life wins chemistry Nobel 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z The scattering can be used to create imagery of these materials in much the same way that X-ray crystallography reveals the structure of complex molecules. Canada’s neutron scientists lament closure of world’s oldest nuclear reactor 2017-09-21T04:00:00Z A third beam planned for the end of the year will supply X-rays for crystallography, the study of the structures of proteins and viruses. A Light for Science, and Cooperation, in the Middle East 2017-05-08T04:00:00Z In the 1990s, Henderson showed that cryo-electron microscopy could be as detailed as X-ray crystallography when he made an atomic model of a membrane protein found in microorganisms. Three biophysicists win 2017 Nobel Prize in chemistry for imaging molecules of life 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z At 240 K, no residual solvent was found in the one-dimensional pores and a density of 0.412 g cm−3 was determined by crystallography. Functional materials discovery using energy–structure–function maps : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z He realized that he could formulate spin physics in 'k-space', a mathematical concept used in crystallography, to image the spatial distribution of spins. Peter Mansfield (1933-2017) : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-07T05:00:00Z The science-friendly environment that Churchill created in the United Kingdom through government funding of laboratories, telescopes and technology development spawned post-war discoveries and inventions in fields from molecular genetics to X-ray crystallography. Winston Churchill’s essay on alien life found 2017-02-14T05:00:00Z The radiation they generate is tapped at various points , to create “beam lines” for things like X-ray crystallography. A particle accelerator in the Middle East 2016-12-20T05:00:00Z He and his colleagues used X-ray crystallography to obtain the first image of the ribosome’s molecular structure. $25 Million in Breakthrough Prizes Given in Science and Math 2016-12-04T05:00:00Z But there’s a major drawback: There simply aren’t enough proteins with known structures to provide templates—despite costly efforts to perform industrial-scale x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. This protein designer aims to revolutionize medicines and materials 2016-07-21T04:00:00Z Rather, he works on one of the world's only automated X-ray crystallography beamlines. 24 hours at the X-ray factory 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z Mr. Ridley says “The discovery of the structure of DNA depended heavily on X-ray crystallography of biological molecules, a technique developed in the wool industry to try to improve textiles.” Where Does Technological Innovation Come From? 2015-11-11T05:00:00Z The discovery of the structure of DNA depended heavily on X-ray crystallography of biological molecules, a technique developed in the wool industry to try to improve textiles. The Myth of Basic Science 2015-10-24T04:00:00Z Give it DNA crystallography data and it discovers the Double Helix. How Artificial Intelligence Will Revolutionize Our Lives 2015-10-07T04:00:00Z The contest asks modelers to compute the structures of a suite of proteins for which experimental structures are just being worked out by x-ray crystallography or NMR. This protein designer aims to revolutionize medicines and materials 2016-07-21T04:00:00Z He never gave credit to Rosalind Franklin, whose work with X-ray crystallography made his discovery possible—though he made it a point to criticize her appearance and taste in clothing. Nobel Laureates We’d Like To Forget 2015-10-06T04:00:00Z "She was lucky to meet French scientists who invited her to work in their laboratory learning the techniques of X-ray crystallography." Remembering Rosalind: Sister recalls DNA pioneer brought to stage in Kidman play - BBC News 2015-09-13T04:00:00Z But although X-ray crystallography has been structural biologists’ best tool, it also has major limitations. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z Franklin, an expert in X-ray crystallography, had been recruited to King’s in late 1950. Sexism in science: Did Watson and Crick really steal Rosalind Franklin’s data? 2015-06-23T04:00:00Z “It had some extremely sloppy crystallography in it.” Controversial molecular-analysis tool tries for a comeback 2015-06-04T04:00:00Z Using X-ray crystallography, Dr. Rich provided a picture, detailed to the level of individual atoms, of the actual structure of one form of the DNA molecule. Alexander Rich dies at 90; made major contributions to molecular biology 2015-05-09T04:00:00Z Researchers report that they’ve created a cryo-EM image so sharp that it rivals images produced by x-ray crystallography, the gold standard for mapping the atomic contours of proteins. Top stories: Imaging atoms, digging for diamonds, and oxygen in space 2015-05-08T04:00:00Z While funders such as the US National Institutes of Health were ploughing hundreds of millions of dollars into ambitious crystallography initiatives, support for cryo-EM lagged far behind. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z What Watson and Crick needed was far more than the idea of a helix – they needed precise observations from X-ray crystallography. Sexism in science: Did Watson and Crick really steal Rosalind Franklin’s data? 2015-06-23T04:00:00Z The resolution is so sharp that it rivals images produced by x-ray crystallography, long the gold standard for mapping the atomic contours of proteins. Electron microscopes close to imaging individual atoms 2015-05-07T04:00:00Z After these discoveries, Dr. Rich took advantage of improvements in X-ray crystallography to produce the first image of the RNA double helix at atomic resolution. Alexander Rich Dies at 90; Confirmed DNA’s Double Helix 2015-05-05T04:00:00Z Structural biologists determine the shapes of proteins and their attached sugars primarily with x-ray crystallography. Misleading sugar structures produce bitter result for protein sleuths 2015-04-27T04:00:00Z For large molecules, “it’s safe to predict that cryo-EM will largely supersede crystallography”, he says. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z In X-ray crystallography, the problem is solved by arranging many copies of the same object into a crystal and looking at repeating patterns in the scattered light. Guts of giant virus imaged in 3D 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z But until recently its resolution hasn’t even been close to crystallography and NMR. Electron microscopes close to imaging individual atoms 2015-05-07T04:00:00Z Synchrotrons generate beams of X-rays for use in crystallography. Onwards and upwards 2015-02-19T05:00:00Z The science of crystals, or crystallography, calls crystals shaped like these “cubic.” Salt Sculpture Stalactites 2015-01-15T05:00:00Z Researchers such as Scheres, meanwhile, have written sophisticated software programs to morph thousands of 2D images into sharp 3D models that, in many cases, match the quality of those deciphered with crystallography. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z But the ultimate goal is to produce fully 3D structures, as X-ray crystallography does. Guts of giant virus imaged in 3D 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z That level of detail is equal to the resolution of many structures using x-ray crystallography, Chiu says. Electron microscopes close to imaging individual atoms 2015-05-07T04:00:00Z Tracing wires in 3 dimensions to learn how neurons are connected is overkill: like genome sequencing by X-ray crystallography. Sebastian Seung’s Quest to Map the Human Brain 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z Once dominated by a method called X-ray crystallography, the field is now in the thrall of a technique called cryo-electron microscopy, or cryo-EM. 365 days: Nature's 10 Results such as these are attracting the attention of drug companies hoping to study medically important proteins that have resisted crystallography. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z To reveal the structure of molecules, scientists use a process called X-ray crystallography. Crystal beauty: Illuminating the structure of matter 2014-11-10T05:00:00Z But the campus operates as a limited company that aims to provide industry with research and services such as microscopy and crystallography, at a profit. After the Berlin Wall: Central Europe up close 2014-11-04T05:00:00Z But there are many questions, such as how to store and distribute the data sets, which are much larger than crystallography files. Data bank struggles as protein imaging ups its game 2014-10-21T04:00:00Z Ramakrishnan had won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in determining the structure of the bacterial ribosome using X-ray crystallography. 365 days: Nature's 10 The solution of ribosome structures by X-ray crystallography won three chemists the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry — but those efforts took decades. The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z His aim was to tell the story of crystallography around the UK and to showcase some of the facilities used to study its applications. Crystal beauty: Illuminating the structure of matter 2014-11-10T05:00:00Z The β-receptor is flexible and biochemically unstable and it is difficult to obtain enough protein to allow crystallography trials. Q&A: Brian Kobilka : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-10-14T04:00:00Z In many cases, this is a task perfect for crystallography, in which a molecule is bombarded with X-rays and the pattern of scattered radiation reveals the position of each atom. Data bank struggles as protein imaging ups its game 2014-10-21T04:00:00Z After earning a degree in mathematics and science at the University of Cambridge, UK, in 1922, Bernal did his postgraduate training in X-ray crystallography before joining the Cambridge faculty in 1927. In Retrospect: The Social Function of Science 2014-03-26T18:20:30.037Z In a related Perspective in Science Signaling, Smerdon discusses the insights into the regulation of the kinase mTOR gained from protein crystallography. [Introduction to Special Issue] Going from Strength to Strength 2014-03-06T20:25:38.551Z The world of science and art merging is nothing new, but crystallography is seen by some as an art form in itself. Crystal beauty: Illuminating the structure of matter 2014-11-10T05:00:00Z The structural information provided by crystallography is being complemented by techniques for studying the chemistry and texture of samples subjected to ultrahigh pressures. Earth science: Crystallography's journey to the deep Earth 2014-02-26T18:21:20.042Z And going from raw data to a model involves more steps with hybrid methods than in crystallography; it also requires more assumptions, often leading to multiple possible ways of interpreting the results. Data bank struggles as protein imaging ups its game 2014-10-21T04:00:00Z Now a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Luger still uses X-ray crystallography to study chromatin, the DNA–protein complex that packages genomes tightly inside cells. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z The 23rd IUCr Congress and General Assembly in Montreal, Canada, in August will provide plenty of opportunities to celebrate the past triumphs of crystallography. Policy: Crystallography needs a governing body 2014-01-29T18:51:10.458Z It opens up a new set of people that might be engaged with crystallography and the science, just as we're engaging with the arts. Crystal beauty: Illuminating the structure of matter 2014-11-10T05:00:00Z “This was a shocking thing to the crystallography community,” says Spence: such researchers had never contemplated a computational challenge of this magnitude. X-ray science: The big guns 2014-01-29T18:50:58.094Z The use of these machines caused a boom in crystallography studies. Crystallography: Atomic secrets 2014-01-29T18:50:52.346Z Increased competition for research grants also forced crystallography labs to become more well rounded. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z An increase in flux and brilliance over existing sources, coupled with adequate resolution, would enable neutron crystallography on small enzyme crystals, for example. Policy: Crystallography needs a governing body 2014-01-29T18:51:10.458Z Despite that huge advance, if you stopped someone in the street and asked them what crystallography was, chances are you would get a blank stare. So 2014 Is International Crystallography Year 2014-01-09T09:50:23Z So for the past century, physicists have relied on X-ray crystallography, in which they fire a beam of X-rays through a crystal lattice of identical molecules and record the resulting 'diffraction pattern' of scattered X-rays. X-ray science: The big guns 2014-01-29T18:50:58.094Z X-ray crystallography of G protein–coupled receptors and other membrane proteins is hampered by difficulties associated with growing sufficiently large crystals that withstand radiation damage and yield high-resolution data at synchrotron sources. [Report] Serial Femtosecond Crystallography of G Protein–Coupled Receptors 2013-12-19T21:56:52.179Z Despite the PSI's closure, Hendrickson, whose lab specializes in membrane proteins and was part of the initiative, says that it is too early to gauge the impact on crystallography job prospects. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z Aeroplanes fly safely because crystallography tests computer models of materials under stress. Policy: Crystallography needs a governing body 2014-01-29T18:51:10.458Z But the story of crystallography starts much earlier. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z Whether trying to purify grams of protein for crystallography or testing the feasibility of turning a novel gene product into a new drug, these researchers soon find themselves pondering the complications of larger-scale cell culture. [Business Office Feature] LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES Living Large: Scaling Up Cell Culture 2013-12-05T18:57:44.026Z Discovered to be a virus in 1930, TMV is both stable and structurally simple, and thus, it easily forms crystals, making it an excellent candidate for x-ray crystallography studies. Google celebrates Rosalind Franklin, British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer 2013-07-25T11:20:01Z There is also a growing list of contract companies that specialize in crystallography. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z The theory of bonding provided tantalizing explanations, but it was crystallography that allowed us to confirm the common provenance of molecules and the true nature of the chemical bond. Lindau 2013: Chemistry and diversity 2013-06-21T14:45:17.900Z Prof Glazer says: "Although other subjects make use of what we do, it's true to say that many of my fellow scientists find crystallography a bit of a mystery." Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z Isabella Karle, who was also a chemist at the Naval Research Laboratory, joined her husband in the work, employing X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of previously intractable molecules. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z I am inspired by the way she and her colleagues were determined and persevered to elucidate three-dimensional biomolecular structures, and in the process pushed scientific boundaries by leading the way to field of x-ray crystallography. 30 under 30: Wielding Chemistry to Create a Healthier World 2013-06-03T12:15:00.390Z As well as permanent positions, many synchrotrons offer training programmes in crystallography. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z The first asteroid was discovered by a priest named Giuseppe Piazzi. is called the “father of crystallography.” was one of the discoverers of sunspots and discovered the rotation of the sun on its axis. Will Pope Francis Inspire More Priest Scientists? 2013-03-25T00:39:56Z X-ray crystallography is a variation of the method that is used to determine the structure of crystalline solids. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z With faster computers in the 1970s, the use and acceptance of X-ray crystallography accelerated. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z Roth and his colleagues uncovered the receptor structures using X-ray crystallography, in which X-ray beams are fired at crystals of the compound, and the structure is deduced from how the beams scatter. Serotonin Receptors Offer Clues to New Antidepressants 2013-03-22T22:15:00.563Z Structural biologists are developing methods to expand the capabilities of conventional X-ray crystallography, with potential implications for future practitioners. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z Only 50 miles away, however, a team of scientists at King's College in London was using a relatively new technique called X-ray crystallography to study DNA. February 28: The Day Scientists Discovered the Double Helix 2013-02-28T18:45:00.210Z The Braggs are regarded as founders of X-ray crystallography; they analysed the way crystals scatter, or diffract, into patterns on photographic plates. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z In X-ray crystallography, an X-ray beam bounces off the crystal form of a molecule to produce a pattern of points of light. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z He was greatly attracted by the x-ray crystallography research on larger biological molecules in Hodgkin's laboratory, where he went as a postdoctoral research assistant. Guy Dodson obituary 2013-01-28T17:25:31Z “This opens up a whole new universe of protein molecules for crystallography that we couldn't do before because we couldn't grow big enough crystals,” he says. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z Keith O. Hodgson and Shooter is therefore an important first step in determining the three-dimensional structure of the molecule by x-ray crystallography. The Nerve-Growth Factor: A New Tool for Manipulating Neurons 2013-01-03T11:15:00.190Z When Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins experimented with X-ray crystallography, the iconic photo 51 was born. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z In the early years, the X-ray crystallography calculations were laborious. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z Since then hundreds of thousands of molecular structures have been determined via X-ray crystallography, with important consequences for physics, chemistry, and biology. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z A digital model of a nucleosome, drawn with the use of X-ray crystallography data. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z But the size and flexibility of GPCRs was a problem for traditional x-ray crystallography. Receptor Scientists Nab Chemistry Nobel 2012-10-10T23:13:51Z The International Union of Crystallography which can in some way be attributed to the field of crystallography. Unsung technique behind key science discoveries 2013-12-18T01:20:48Z Dr. Karle continued to work at the Naval Research Laboratory and advanced his studies of X-ray crystallography. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z X-ray crystallography has greatly improved our knowledge of physics, chemistry, and organic chemistry, but its impact on biology has been enormous. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z She is now working with Luger, using crystallography — and other methods — to study how DNA is packaged into chromatin. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z From there we used crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance to establish the structure of the proteins. Turning point: Jim Hoch 2012-06-13T17:20:44.627Z But when they tried to model the spike using the data from the x-ray crystallography work, the tip remained invisible. Bacteria-Killing Viruses Wield an Iron Spike 2012-02-24T20:55:00Z The technique developed by Dr. Karle and Herbert A. Hauptman, called X-ray crystallography, is now routinely used by scientists to determine the shapes of complex molecules like proteins. Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography 2013-06-15T03:09:10Z X-ray crystallography provides the means to determine what these “invisible” molecules look like and to help answer some fundamental questions about their roles in cells, and how they carry these roles out. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z Now that synchrotrons are widespread, crystallography labs no longer need their own expensive X-ray facilities. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z For this reason the physical science of crystallography has developed side by side with that of mineralogy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z This allowed them to use a technique called x-ray crystallography, in which they bombard the crystals with x-rays, to get a sense of the proteins' structure. Bacteria-Killing Viruses Wield an Iron Spike 2012-02-24T20:55:00Z In it he divided morphology into two sections—tectology, the science of organic individuality; and promorphology, which aims at establishing a crystallography of organic forms. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z By the mid-1960s, Michael Rossmann and David Blow, both contributors to Perutz’s Nobel Prize winning work, were pioneering the modern version of crystallography, developing computer programs that allowed automated processing of protein crystallographic data. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z The crystallography purist who prefers not to dabble in other techniques might consider a career as a beamline scientist, loading crystals for researchers and overseeing them as they collect data. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z This means that it undergoes a distinct crystallography change – it will no longer have a crystalline structure but will be amorphous or fluid, and that’s when it’s digestible. The Science Of Leftovers: Why They Taste SO Good 2011-11-23T14:53:34Z He continued to work on problems in crystallography, shifting his attention in the mid-1980s to the analysis of larger molecular structures. Herbert A. Hauptman, Nobel-Winning Mathematician, Dies at 94 2011-10-25T00:06:04Z Continue reading In the chemistry category, FoSheng Hsu, a chemist at Cornell University, guides viewers through the entire sequence of steps required for x-ray crystallography. 'Dance Your Ph.D.' Winner Announced 2011-10-20T19:00:00Z Protein structure determination is only part of X-ray crystallography’s impact on biology. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z Twenty years ago, many academic labs existed just for X-ray crystallography. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z They never think of going in for astronomy—or crystal-what-is-it—crystallography—or something chilly—and face that boldly——" Dorothy laughed.—"You absurd girl!" "—but no. A Crooked Mile 2011-10-03T02:00:26.870Z They turned their attention to X-ray crystallography, a means of deducing the three-dimensional structure of a molecule by analyzing how a crystal form of the molecule scatters a beam of X-rays aimed at it. Herbert A. Hauptman, Nobel-Winning Mathematician, Dies at 94 2011-10-25T00:06:04Z Using x-ray crystallography to solve protein structure is the focus in our lab. 'Dance Your Ph.D.' Winner Announced 2011-10-20T19:00:00Z The contributions of crystallography to biology were not limited to DNA and proteins. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z Nowadays, labs are much more focused on specific scientific questions, and X-ray crystallography is just one of a suite of tools that they use. Structural biology: More than a crystallographer 2014-01-29T18:51:49.908Z Scientists may even be able to study the gamers’ unconventional folding techniques to improve existing crystallography software. One point for crowdsourcing: Gamers solve protein structure of AIDS-like protein 2011-09-28T16:18:14Z From the outset, Professor Miller apprehended more clearly than any previous writer the all-embracing scope of the great law of crystallography. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z As Reuters reported: This team developed a method using X-ray crystallography to test very large numbers of human plasma cells, to increase their odds of finding an antibody even if it was extremely rare. One Shot Wonder? Progress on a Universal Flu Vaccine 2011-07-23T05:25:00Z Sadly, the next great milestone in X-ray crystallography’s history may end up its obituary. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z To zero in on the binding site, Lanzavecchia's team used X-ray crystallography. Antibody That Binds to All Influenza A Viruses Could Lead to a Universal Flu Vaccine 2011-07-28T22:15:00.213Z Despite using advanced crystallography technology, scientists at the University of Washington kept encountering roadblocks while trying to discern the protein’s structure. One point for crowdsourcing: Gamers solve protein structure of AIDS-like protein 2011-09-28T16:18:14Z One of the most important of these principles, and one which in the treatise is involved in the enunciation of the fundamental law of crystallography, is in its essence nothing but an analytical device. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z This team developed a method using X-ray crystallography to test very large numbers of human plasma cells, to increase their odds of finding an antibody even if it was extremely rare. Flu "super antibody" may bring universal shot closer 2011-07-28T18:17:14Z Figure 4: Left: Structure determination by X-ray crystallography. Scicurious Guest Writer! X-Ray Crystallography: 100 Years at the Intersection of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 2012-12-19T17:45:08.617Z M. Pasteur at thirty—a great man already, for already he has made discoveries in crystallography which have won him a name among scientists. McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893 2011-07-21T02:00:22.737Z He introduced a new classification of minerals, based on crystallography. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z The foundations of crystallography had been laid long before Miller's time. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z In France such distinguished names as Lamarck, the great founder of modern biology and the first to broach the theory of evolution; Ha�y, the father of crystallography; Laplace, and many others might be mentioned. Makers of Modern Medicine 2011-03-05T03:00:29.580Z This point, however, has been sufficiently considered, when treating of the unvarying uniformity of the laws of chemistry and crystallography. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z Beside the hero of the studies in crystallography M. Pasteur places his latest picture. McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893 2011-07-21T02:00:22.737Z Dimorph�ism, in crystallography, the crystallization of a body in forms belonging to two different systems, or in incompatible forms of the same system, a peculiarity exhibited by sulphur, carbon, &c. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z There has been nothing peculiar, however, in the growth of crystallography. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z So also was it in the science of crystallography. Woman in Science With an Introductory Chapter on Woman's Long Struggle for Things of the Mind 2011-01-12T03:00:29.853Z In the first place, the laws of chemistry and crystallography, electricity and magnetism, have ever been the same in all past conditions of the earth. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z The enthusiastic student of crystallography was forced to change the subject of his studies. McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893 2011-07-21T02:00:22.737Z Using x-ray crystallography to obtain snapshots of the ribosome in action, they have been able to explain how the ribosome selects and couples together amino acids to form proteins. World Changing Ideas: December's Scientific American 2011-01-05T22:18:46.567Z Whether Weiss or Mohs contributed most to advance crystallography to its more philosophical stage, it is not important here to inquire. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z She, and eventually her co-winners, used a technique called X-ray crystallography to try to pinpoint the positions of individual atoms in the ribosome. Three Scientists Share Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009-10-08T04:00:00Z Indeed, with the exception of the planetary motions and crystallography, chemical combination is the most perfect example of practical mathematics to be found in nature. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z The researchers froze one of the antibodies in the process of attaching to and neutralizing the virus, getting an atomic-level image in a process called x-ray crystallography. Many forks loom in road to AIDS vaccine 2010-07-17T18:58:00Z In yet another experiment, they managed to freeze one of the antibodies in the process of attaching to and neutralizing the virus, getting an atomic-level image in a process called x-ray crystallography. Antibody finding may help in quest for AIDS vaccine 2010-07-08T18:13:00Z For this, as well as applications to crystallography, see: M. Moore, “Symmetrical intersections of right circular cylinders,” Mathematical Gazette, Vol. It Slices, It Dices 2010-04-19T16:27:00Z In a long and successful career, she was responsible for crucial developments in the techniques of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine the three dimensional structures of complex organic molecules. Atomic wallpaper 2010-03-05T18:17:00Z In short, in crystallography we have another example of perfect practical mathematics, as perfect as the theory. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z This was especially exemplified in the case of the Abb� Ha�y, whose work in crystallography was to mean so much. Catholic Churchmen in Science Such regular interpenetrations are known in crystallography as “twins.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" Little Leo, it appeared, was working his way simultaneously through biology, astrophysics, phrenology, chemical engineering, architecture, Christian Science, psychosomatic medicine, marine law; business management, Yoga, crystallography, metaphysics and modern literature. Special Delivery This involves a study of their crystallography, chemical composition, physical qualities, and optical properties as studied with the microscope. The Economic Aspect of Geology I learnt a great deal on a variety of subjects besides crystallography from Dr. Wollaston, who, at his death, left me a collection of models of the forms of all the natural crystals then known. Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville Like many another advance in science, Ha�y's first great original step in crystallography was the result of what would be called a lucky accident. Catholic Churchmen in Science In geometry, and in geometrical crystallography, the term denotes a line which serves to aid the orientation of a figure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" Now in crystallography there are only thirty-two possible classes of crystal lattice construction. Highways in Hiding It was intended to be a "crystallography of the organic," and to lay the foundations of a mechanistic morphology, or morphography at least. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology All persons who have paid attention to crystallography are aware that crystals are built up, and have lines of cleavage. Watch and Clock Escapements A Complete Study in Theory and Practice of the Lever, Cylinder and Chronometer Escapements, Together with a Brief Account of the Origin and Evolution of the Escapement in Horology When the order for his release came, however, Ha�y was engaged on a very interesting problem in crystallography, and he refused to interrupt his work and leave the prison. Catholic Churchmen in Science Geology and crystallography not only opened up for me a higher circle of knowledge and insight, but also showed me a higher goal for my inquiry, my speculation, and my endeavour. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore. He was still trying to read a little chemistry and crystallography, but it didn't "go with the life." Mr. Britling Sees It Through The science of manures caused some discussion as to whether it should be agriculture or science, but it was finally settled in favour of science, which also included physics, electricity and crystallography. Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 156, February 5, 1919 The animal was classified very nearly after the manner adopted in crystallography. Bramble-Bees and Others While I received much benefit from the lectures on natural history at the university, I could not fall in with the views held there as to fixed forms—crystallography, mineralogy, and natural philosophy. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore. One of the present writers studied crystallography later on with a professor who had been a colleague of Froebel's in this same school, and who himself was also a pupil of Pestalozzi. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore. Two sets of interests pulled at him, one—it will seem a dry interest to many readers, but for Hugh it glittered and fascinated—was crystallography and molecular physics; the other was caricature. Mr. Britling Sees It Through Though the splendid lectures I heard on mineralogy, crystallography, geology, etc., led me to see the uniformity of Nature in her working, yet a higher and greater unity lay in my own mind. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore.
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