英语词汇“coal seam”造句子简单的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

By this time Gale will have clocked in at the mines, taken the stomach-churning elevator ride into the depths of the earth, and be pounding away at a coal seam. Catching Fire 2009-09-01T00:00:00Z

In 1962, a fire in a dump on the edge of town ignited a coal seam. A Walk in the Woods 1997-11-01T00:00:00Z

Behind the dense sandstone of the header, the Captain believed, was a vast, undiscovered coal seam. October Sky 1999-04-01T00:00:00Z

Silica dust from the exploded coal seams contributes to an epidemic of silicosis and asthma and heavy metals from the mining process poison wells, possibly causing an abnormally high rate of cancer in local residents. Robert Kennedy Jr. says West Virginia coal industry out of control in documentary 2011-07-14T21:09:07Z

In a string of towns running along a coal seam, the sparkle of small-town drag queens and kings colors a way of life rooted in soot, family and a conservative understanding of the world. Drag queens are out, proud and loud in a string of coal towns, from a bingo hall to blue-collar bars 2023-07-03T04:00:00Z

As the name indicates, coal seam fires begin when a layer of coal underneath Earth's crust manages to ignite. This ghost town is too dangerous for humans because an endless fire burns beneath it 2023-03-04T05:00:00Z

MTM is a surface mining practice involving the removal of mountaintops to expose coal seams, and disposing of the associated mining waste in adjacent valleys. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z

But the faults do not appear to continue into the coal seam, and they certainly do not continue into the upper sandstone. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

In fact, not a single coal seam has been found in rocks of this vintage anywhere in the world. Toxic Slime Contributed to Earth’s Worst Mass Extinction—And It’s Making a Comeback 2022-07-06T04:00:00Z

An accomplished surfer and marine rescue volunteer who helped rescue people during the flood, she played a key role in the area’s decision to ban coal seam gas extraction. In Australia’s quiet climate election, independents could make noise 2022-05-17T04:00:00Z

Because coal seam fires have a massive supply of fuel and an unlimited supply of oxygen, they can burn for centuries, like the Brennender Berg fire. This ghost town is too dangerous for humans because an endless fire burns beneath it 2023-03-04T05:00:00Z

Named for the rich Donets Basin of coal seams just below the surface, the region is dotted with Soviet-era mining and factory towns across the sprawl of sunflower fields and grassy plains. Putin’s Ukraine gamble pivots to a very different battlefield 2022-04-16T04:00:00Z

The coal seam is about 50 cm thick. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Our investigation of the sediments above the coal seams around Sydney revealed abundant charcoal, a clear sign of widespread burning in the last vestiges of the Permian coal swamps. Toxic Slime Contributed to Earth’s Worst Mass Extinction—And It’s Making a Comeback 2022-07-06T04:00:00Z

There are hundreds and possibly thousands more undocumented blazes burning in coal seams that have never been mined, researchers and government officials say. Deadly Colorado blaze renews focus on underground coal fires 2022-01-30T05:00:00Z

In a rapidly decarbonizing economy, there is very little room for steadily dwindling West Virginia coal seams, or $60+ barrels of Texas oil. What Joe Manchin wants 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z

They frequently crowded more miners at subterranean coal seams than safety regulations allowed. China Hurries to Burn More Coal, Putting Climate Goals at Risk 2021-10-28T04:00:00Z

The fires were caused by heat from coal seams, the deposits of coal found in the ground in the area, said Peggy Miller, a spokeswoman for the fires. California fire threatens homes as blazes burn across West 2021-08-15T04:00:00Z

Authorities suspect a burning coal seam started the blaze Saturday. Firefighters making progress on North Dakota wildfires 2021-05-02T04:00:00Z

“The problem with coal seam fires is we don’t know how deep they are or how wide they are until you get in there and start digging,” she said. Deadly Colorado blaze renews focus on underground coal fires 2022-01-30T05:00:00Z

To feed the massive coal plant, the planners of the Central Arizona Project turned to Black Mesa, a high desert plateau underlaid by a rich coal seam. Tribal Coal Fields Will Test Biden’s Environmental Justice Goals 2021-02-09T05:00:00Z

Along with the rare earths that can be taken out of fly ash and from the clays above and below coal seams, coal remains valuable. Recently retired Wyoming senator settling back in at home 2021-01-09T05:00:00Z

That’s where coal seams can ignite, burning leftover coal deep underground. Colorado keeping tabs on underground coal mine fires 2020-06-07T04:00:00Z

But in 1962, a raging underground coal fire spread beneath the town after municipal employees tried to burn trash at a garbage dump and ignited an exposed coal seam, according to History. 5 American ghost towns abandoned to time 2020-02-17T05:00:00Z

Underground coal seams burn unpredictably and can break through to the surface without warning long after a fire starts, he said. Deadly Colorado blaze renews focus on underground coal fires 2022-01-30T05:00:00Z

"The ground in and around the coal seam is extremely unstable and the area should be avoided." Colorado coal-seam fire just discovered has been burning underground for over a year, officials say 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z

His research shows that the DNA in these districts is flecked with disadvantage1, just as the coal seams once threaded through the ground. The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z

The discovery of coal seams, the accumulation of past energy, sparked a frenzy of exploitation. Bad ancestors: does the climate crisis violate the rights of those yet to be born? 2019-10-01T04:00:00Z

A last hurdle was Queensland’s approval for the company’s plan to monitor the fragile ecosystems that depend on multiple aquifers near the coal seam. How One Billionaire Could Keep Three Countries Hooked on Coal for Decades 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z

In the late 20th century, state officials approved new strip mining practices that allowed companies to blast away at the summits of West Virginia mountains to gain easier access to coal seams. West Virginia bets big on plastics, and on backing the Trump administration 2019-08-05T04:00:00Z

Royal Dutch Shell’s and PetroChina’s Arrow Energy Surat project in Queensland, Australia’s biggest undeveloped coal seam gas resource, aims to start producing by 2021, but has been delayed due to a spat between the partners. Australia planning to import LNG: What's next? Coals to Newcastle? 2019-03-03T05:00:00Z

The Department of Environmental Protection’s Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation says it’s due to mine subsidence on a different underground coal seam, and mine maps indicate such things occurred before the fire. Officials: Centralia sinkhole unrelated to underground fire 2019-02-17T05:00:00Z

“It’s pretty much everything you would want in a minable coal seam,” he said. Trump shrank this monument for coal, but few care to dig 2019-01-14T05:00:00Z

Company representatives made the case to rural Queenslanders that they could gain from opening up the Galilee Basin, the vast coal seam that the Adani Group wanted to exploit. How One Billionaire Could Keep Three Countries Hooked on Coal for Decades 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z

This involves digging into the side of hills and then burrowing horizontal tunnels to reach a coal seam. Families pray for Indian miners trapped underground for 13 days 2018-12-26T05:00:00Z

Part of the problem is that the largest coal seams in central Appalachia have been depleted, prompting coal companies to mine smaller seams that expose miners to a particularly toxic combination of silica and coal. After years underground, a Kentucky coal miner with black lung faces the future 2018-12-26T05:00:00Z

In the valley mentioned by Al-Masudi, locals were exploiting the spontaneous natural combustion of surface coal seams. Satellite pinpoints ammonia sources globally 2018-12-04T05:00:00Z

Miners are working with thinner coal seams, meaning they are cutting into more rock that contains the silica, which is more damaging to lungs than coal dust. Study looks at ways to control dust coal miners breathe 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z

In November 2015, for example, Morgan Stanley said it would reduce financing for projects using “mountaintop removal,” in which mountains are dynamited to reveal coal seams. Think the Big Banks Have Abandoned Coal? Think Again 2018-05-28T04:00:00Z

The moratorium led to UCG - a method of extracting gas from coal seams that are too deep underground for traditional mining techniques - effectively being banned last year after "numerous and serious environmental risks" were identified. Scotland and fracking: How did we get here? 2017-10-03T04:00:00Z

They are as varied as the layers of rock that surround a coal seam, but in a twist, a considerable number involve renewable energy. What’s Up in Coal Country: Alternative-Energy Jobs 2017-09-30T04:00:00Z

It’s a dubious promise in Eastern Kentucky and West Virginia where depleted coal seams are making mining unprofitable. Kentucky editorial roundup 2017-09-20T04:00:00Z

The Upper and Middle Kittanning coal seams run around the sides of the hole like dark rings in a gritty bathtub. ‘Coal country is a great place to be from.’ But does the future match Trump’s optimism? 2017-06-06T04:00:00Z

Their development has allowed a controversial fracking boom in Queensland, where about 6,000 coal seam gas wells have been drilled to deliver gas to be liquefied at the plants. Obama's dirty secret: the fossil fuel projects the US littered around the world 2016-12-01T05:00:00Z

UCG is a method of extracting gas from coal seams that are too deep underground to be mined using traditional techniques. Green groups hopeful of underground coal gasification ban - BBC News 2016-10-05T04:00:00Z

This is the miners’ 45-minute commute to the coal seam, where they shave off thousands of tons of black rock each week. A Curious Plan to Fight Climate Change: Buy Mines, Sell Coal 2016-10-01T04:00:00Z

Another factor is “diminishing reserves of thick and easily accessible coal seams.” Hard Truths for Trump’s America 2016-09-13T04:00:00Z

Very thick coal seams will help control costs at the mines, which will be mostly underground but will include some surface and longwall operations as well, he added. AP Exclusive: $90M investment for 2 new met coal mines 2016-09-06T04:00:00Z

A pipeline networks association said, though, that shale and coal seam gas would be key to supporting Australia's shift to cleaner energy and replacing aging coal-fired power. Australia steps up gas fracking bans despite supply crunch 2016-08-29T04:00:00Z

And when they stumbled across a coal seam on their property, they were more than happy to sell it to the state to fuel their engine houses, he said. Allegheny Portage site recalls 1834 railroad innovation 2016-08-20T04:00:00Z

At its height, the Marianna mine employed 900 people to mine its corner of the Pittsburgh Seam, whose coal contains more energy per volume than any other coal seam in the country. Marianna, Waynesburg, struggle as coal mining fades 2016-05-21T04:00:00Z

A 2010 research paper by University of Alaska Fairbanks and Division of Forestry researchers said spontaneous coal combustion is believed to be the primary natural cause of most coal seam fires. Coal seam fires again spark wildfires near Healy, coal mine 2016-05-06T04:00:00Z

In traditional mining, individual “rooms” are cut into a coal seam and then supported by pillars to prevent a collapse. A Crusader in the Coal Mine, Taking On President Obama 2016-04-30T04:00:00Z

The bodies of four miners were recovered after the initial disaster on Thursday when methane gas, a common hazard in coal seams, exploded in two locations about 2,560 feet underground in the Severny mine. Rescue Workers and Miners Are Killed in Russia Accident 2016-02-28T05:00:00Z

"We've made it very, very clear we don't want this coal seam gas." Australia's drive for coal seam gas raises protests - BBC News 2016-01-28T05:00:00Z

UCG is an unconventional method of producing gas from coal seams deep underground. Cluff stops spending on Forth underground coal gasification plant - BBC News 2016-01-07T05:00:00Z

By a geology quirk, the basin’s biggest coal seam is unusually thick and sits just below the surface. U.S. exports its greenhouse-gas emissions — as coal. Profitable coal. 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z

It works like this: First, miners cut two parallel tunnels, often miles long, along either edge of the coal seam. A Crusader in the Coal Mine, Taking On President Obama 2016-04-30T04:00:00Z

WellDog, a company started in 1999 to develop techniques to extract natural gas from coal seams, is ramping up its work in North American shale formations. Oil Companies Tap New Technologies to Lower Production Costs 2015-09-14T04:00:00Z

The plight of big coal is particularly bleak in Central Appalachia, where coal seams are thinner and costs have increased, and where the oil-price collapse has hurt natural-gas drilling and steelmaking. Suppliers Feel Pain as Coal Miners Struggle 2015-08-30T04:00:00Z

They are the residue of 300 years of mining in the rich coal seam that extends west to east just below the Belgian border. Making a vineyard out of a slag heap - BBC News 2015-08-03T04:00:00Z

In a practice known as mountaintop mining, companies shear off entire peaks to expose narrow coal seams buried beneath. Outrage over EPA emissions regulations fades as states find fixes 2015-07-23T04:00:00Z

Commission chair Cathy Foerster says the commission regulates drilling that might result in the release of hazardous substances and create blowouts, such as in coal seams. Linc Energy fined for not providing info to regulators 2015-07-08T04:00:00Z

The driver tipped the steel-toothed rim of the shovel’s bucket downwards, then slammed it into the coal seam wall in front of him. Why India is captured by carbon | David Rose 2015-05-27T04:00:00Z

Coal-mining companies in central Appalachia have struggled in recent years, shedding jobs amid low natural gas prices, dwindling coal seams, competition from other states and weaker market conditions. Patriot Coal files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z

Murray Energy paid $1.4 billion for a controlling interest of Foresight Energy, which mines the thick coal seams in the Illinois Basin. Amid WVa tax reform push, Murray blasts coal tax for layoffs 2015-04-19T04:00:00Z

In fact, the growth potential in alternative energy fields such as natural gas and renewables is outpacing those in the coal sector, where coal seams are becoming thinner and increasingly more difficult to work. Sen. McConnell Miscalculates: Boycotting Clean Power Plan Would Hurt States 2015-03-15T04:00:00Z

They say diminishing coal seams, competition from other states and natural gas, federal regulations and lousy markets are hurting Central Appalachian coal. W.Va. governor signs prevailing wage, coal mining bills 2015-03-12T04:00:00Z

It wants to build the UK's first deep offshore UCG plant to exploit the coal seams. Fracking block 'should be extended' 2015-02-22T05:00:00Z

Diminishing coal seams, competition from other states and natural gas, federal regulations and lousy markets are hurting Central Appalachian coal. W.Va. Senate clears bill touted by state’s coal industry 2015-02-10T05:00:00Z

The mining practice uses blasting and earth movers on mountaintops to get at coal seams. Coal mining protest entering 10th year 2015-02-02T05:00:00Z

The fire is burning in a coal seam along U.S. Underground W.Va. coal seam fire investigated 2014-11-20T05:00:00Z

But even those coal enterprises acknowledge that the hardships are because Appalachia’s coal seams are depleting while cheap natural gas is taking a toll. Can the GOP Change Obama's Energy Plans? 2014-11-11T05:00:00Z

The basin, which historically produced coal, was not known for being especially quake-prone until extraction of naturally occurring methane gas from coal seams ramped up more than a decade ago, he said. Gas wastewater likely triggered 2011 quake in Colorado: USGS 2014-10-29T04:00:00Z

Here, the huge grinding wheel works back and forth across the exposed, glistening coal seam. UK coal miners on uncertain ground 2014-10-17T04:00:00Z

Sydney University has ruled out future investments in coalmining, while the Bendigo and Adelaide Bank has said it will not lend to firms involved in thermal coal and coal seam gas. Coalition accused of ‘bullying’ ANU after criticism of fossil fuel divestment 2014-10-12T04:00:00Z

The San Juan contains coal seams laden with natural gas, and thousands of coalbed methane wells dot the region. Leaky Gas Makes for Top 10 U.S. Carbon Polluters 2014-10-06T04:00:00Z

In this process, natural gas is gathered by drilling into underground coal seams. China’s Effort to Produce Natural Gas Falls Far Short 2014-08-21T04:00:00Z

He is gung-ho about new coal mines and coal seam gas operations, despite thousands of rural Australians turning out in protest. 'I am a conservationist' – is Abbott the only person who believes that? 2014-06-15T04:00:00Z

Coal companies blast the tops off mountains to get at coal seams. Minnesota soil researcher digs dirt 2014-05-24T04:00:00Z

Bendigo said it does not lend to companies "for whom the core activity is the exploration, mining, manufacture or export of thermal coal or coal seam gas". Coal, climate change collide as customers query Aussie banks' green credentials 2014-05-19T04:00:00Z

Other governments are equally keen to exploit new technologies to access their hidden coal seams. Gas from coal: The future or fantasy? 2014-04-13T23:10:28Z

The opposition is proposing to hand over environmental decision-making - including on controversial coal seam gas projects - to individual states. Australia election: Key issues 2013-09-06T01:53:50Z

The volume of gas drilled from coal seams under the state has more than quadrupled since then. Australia’s gas explorers (I): The next Qatar? 2013-07-25T14:59:45Z

"Mining companies inject dangerous chemicals into aquifers to extract coal seam gas, so it is appropriate that this environmentally damaging activity be covered by our national environment law," a spokesman said. Coalition backs laws that will scupper its own coal seam gas policy 2013-06-19T05:46:00Z

That has caused angst around coal seam gas. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z

It may also be sequestered in places like unmineable coal seams and oil and gas reservoirs, says a new Energy Department report. Novelties: Pilot Plant in the Works for Carbon Dioxide Cleansing 2013-01-05T19:32:32Z

This facility will exploit an otherwise inaccessible coal seam almost a mile deep, and utilize the gas in a 300 MW power plant, at costs that are said to be “very competitive.” Underground Coal Gasification: A Trend Worth Watching 2012-12-12T16:05:52Z

The sparring on energy was one of the most heated exchanges in the debate with both candidates trying to attract economically minded voters along coal seams, in oil patches and in industrial towns. Climate Change a No-Show at Presidential Debate, but Candidates Clash on Energy 2012-10-17T16:15:15.257Z

Another method for reducing methane emissions, whether underground or on tracks of surface mining, lies in degasifying coal seams prior to extraction. Curbing Coal Mine Methane Could Cool Global Warming 2012-09-07T15:45:00.187Z

One problem with coal seam gas is that people didn’t do the work needed before they started. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z

But there are still many coal seams, some of them illegal, where they are playing with the lives of the young men working in them. Mexico election: Voters' views 2012-06-27T00:17:52Z

UCG essentially involves a process that captures the imagination: heating underground coal seams to the point of combustion. Underground Coal Gasification: A Trend Worth Watching 2012-12-12T16:05:52Z

Developers are under pressure to deliver, having sold most of the gas from the first phase of the three coal seam projects to Asian customers through long-term deals starting around 2015. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

The dark mass is a coal seam; the lighter shale above is interrupted by a fossil tree stump. Underground Fossil Forest in Illinois Offers Clues on Climate Change 2012-04-30T22:08:53Z

Shale gas extraction is similar to coal seam gas in that both processes gather methane for energy use. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z

Beijing wants coal seam gas output as high as 30 bcm by 2020, which would be 15 percent of China's total gas production, up from 5 percent of the total last year. China's Coalbeds Spur Unconventional Gas Supply Boom 2012-04-11T21:45:02.183Z

It involves drilling two wells – at some distance from each other – into the coal seam. Underground Coal Gasification: A Trend Worth Watching 2012-12-12T16:05:52Z

Australia is on course to overtake Qatar as the world's top LNG exporter by 2017, whether or not future expansion of the coal seam projects goes ahead. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

Its mineral wealth was unknown; its blast furnaces had not been lighted, its coal seams undiscovered. A Gamble with Life 2012-04-11T02:00:33.587Z

However, shale gas involves drilling at far greater depths than coal seam gas. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z

The result has been that Brazil is striving to supply her own needs by working her southern coal seams, although at the present time want of transport is a serious obstacle to these efforts. South America and the War 2012-02-10T03:00:17.163Z

The coal seams are worked for some distance beneath the sea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z

Reservoirs of coal seam gas, or coal bed methane as it is also known, are variable, so two wells just a few hundred meters apart can produce very different amounts of the fuel. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

Energy, in some cases, appears to slumber, as in the coal seams of the earth, until an appropriate stimulus is applied, when it enters into active operation once more. The Energy System of Matter A Deduction from Terrestrial Energy Phenomena 2011-12-21T03:00:36.570Z

The report is sanguine on the environmental impact of coal seam gas, with some caveats. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z

Australians are not alone in opposing non-traditional gas sources such as coal seams. Insight: Australia's coal-seam gas industry feels political heat 2011-11-16T16:41:06Z

As others have reported more accurately and correctly than I can on the quality and extent of these coal seams, I shall abstain from repeating or copying what has been already said. Alone with the Hairy Ainu or, 3,800 miles on a pack saddle in Yezo and a cruise to the Kurile Islands. 2011-10-30T02:00:10.270Z

Although Australian coal seam gas projects test more than elsewhere globally, said Pope, results can still be unpredictable. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

Arrow Energy is expected to make a final investment decision on Arrow LNG at the end of 2013, joining a crowded field of coal seam gas to LNG projects in Australia's eastern Queensland state. UPDATE 1-Arrow raises offer for Australia's Bow Energy to $524 mln 2011-09-26T10:35:05Z

Australia may produce an additional 60 million tons of LNG from projects in western Australia and coal seam gas ventures in Queensland by 2016, according to Bernstein Research. LNG Surges as Japan Vies With China While Exxon’s Shipments Grow 2011-09-18T23:31:56Z

On average, gas wells in Queensland suck 20,000 liters of water a day from the coal seams, although the amount can vary widely and declines over time. Insight: Australia's coal-seam gas industry feels political heat 2011-11-16T16:41:06Z

Around the corner, an elongated mechanical beast called a continuous miner noisily gnaws at a coal seam interlaced with sandstone. Cleaning America’s Dirtiest Coal Company 2011-08-25T20:45:04Z

But even analysts who have more favorable views of coal seam gas developments have flagged concerns. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

Each coal seam is underlain by a bed of clay called "under-clay," containing the roots of the plants that grew on it. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z

He progressed to the job of shot-firer, placing and detonating explosives to open up coal seams. Clive Webster obituary 2011-07-10T16:59:28Z

The drill also went through a coal seam at 660m that nobody knew existed. City drilling 2011-06-27T05:23:13Z

Meanwhile, Hazel had promised to meet him on the morrow, and show him the great coal seam, after which he was to interview her father, and have supper at the—office. The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z

All three began construction in 2010 and 2011, two of the wettest years in decades in Queensland state, where the coal seam gas fields are located. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

Other investments in the Aloe portfolio include Greenko Group, which owns and operates biomass energy plants in India, and Longmen Group, which drills coal seams to extract methane gas in China. Cleaning up 2011-05-09T23:04:00Z

Then there was the river frontage, and, yes—actually—the outcrop of a coal seam was jutting right out of its bank. The Way of the Strong 2011-04-07T02:00:21.387Z

After leaving Yale, Mr. Leisenring headed straight for Big Stone Gap, Va., to work as a survey crewman, measuring coal seams. E. B. Leisenring Jr., Coal Executive, Dies at 85 2011-03-12T23:19:13Z

The coal's five miles west of here, and the railroad has got to say if they'll keep the depot where it is, or build a new one further along, right on the coal seams. The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z

Environmentalists and farmers fear drilling for coal seam gas could damage water supplies on farmland or near populated east coast areas. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

Beneath the thick nummulitic Eocene limestone of the Salt Range are shales and marls with a few coal seams. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z

Gas trapped in shale, coal seams and impermeable sandstone is collectively known as unconventional gas. PetroChina to Buy Encana Asset in Biggest Acquisition 2011-02-10T05:27:03Z

Shale gas is a natural gas extracted from shale rocks and coal seams. Gas prices will keep going up, but there are ways to keep the costs down 2011-02-09T18:00:00Z

Anyhow, the purchase had to be made, since it was necessary to ride out to the coal seams. The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z

Concerns that coal seam gas will be unable to provide enough gas to meet LNG contracts has pipeline owners, drillers and gas producers eyeing a potential bonanza. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

The Queensland Curtis Liquefied Natural Gas project will be the first plant in the world to convert coal seam gas into LNG, with the intention of producing 8.5m tonnes of LNG annually. BG Group sees 2010 profits rise 2011-02-08T11:18:13Z

It won a major concession when Bush lifted restrictions on mountaintop removal - the practice of blowing off mountain tops to expose coal seams. New push to strengthen mine safety faces resistance based on longtime strategies 2011-01-04T02:25:01Z

The International Energy Agency this year pointed to an unexpected global "gas glut" which it forecasts will last for a decade, the result of new ways of producing "unconventional gas" from shale or coal seams. Liquid gas expands to fill Britain's energy gap 2010-12-27T17:27:36Z

Them coal seams could stoke hell till kingdom come, an' shares 'ud still be at a premium. The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z

The higher price achievable for export gas and the need to supplement coal seam gas production could bring it back to life. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

Fireclays of great value are obtained from beneath many of the coal seams. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z

The company said earlier Monday that it will supplement coal seam gas supplies with existing uncontracted proven and probable gas from its interests in the Cooper Basin in central Australia. Asian Markets Rise 2010-10-25T01:12:00Z

David Feickert, a coal mine safety expert who advises the Chinese government, said draining methane gas from the coal seam requires great care. Rescuers fear miners trapped by China explosion may have suffocated 2010-10-17T11:05:00Z

What does them big coal seams tell you? The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z

The potential for U.S. shale gas exports to undercut Australia's coal seam gas exporters also threatens further expansion. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z

Though geologic records show evidence of underground coal fires dating to the Pleistocene era, modern-day coal fires are often an unintended side effect of mining operations that open coal seams to oxygen. Deep Underground, Miles of Hidden Wildfires Rage 2010-07-23T19:30:00Z

Similarly, new ways to extract natural gas from coal seams has attracted billions of dollars of investment into Australia and led to the rare sight of onshore rigs drilling in Europe. Oil groups turn focus back to traditional fields 2010-04-26T04:25:00Z

A powerful drum-shaped cutting head -- several feet in diameter and fitted with cutting bits -- rotates rapidly along a coal seam that can be up to 1,500 feet in length and a few feet high. Upper Big Branch had stepped up production for its 'gassy' coal 2010-04-10T04:00:00Z

The cause might have been a drop in barometric pressure from an approaching storm, which could pull excess methane out of the coal seam underground. Rescue crews evacuate West Virginia mine 2010-04-08T15:29:00Z

Much of the natural gas sold in the United States is drawn from coal seams. Methane, a Common Danger of Coal Mines 2010-04-06T21:39:00Z

The mine is on the Eagle coal seam, which releases up to 2 million cubic feet of methane gas into the mine every 24 hours, federal records report. West Virginia coal mine explosion leaves 7 dead, 19 missing 2010-04-06T04:00:00Z

At these sites, mining companies fill valleys to the brim with rock and rubble left over when peaks are sheared off to reach coal seams inside. EPA unveils new pollution limits that could curtail 'mountaintop' mining 2010-04-01T19:49:00Z

At these mines, entire Appalachian peaks are sheared off with explosives and earth-moving equipment to reach coal seams inside them. Pepco is apparent target of Greenwash Guerrillas' hoax 2010-04-01T16:41:00Z

The deal would also see a Chinese company acquire for the first time a stake in Australia's vast reserves of coal-seam gas, where trapped gas is extracted from underground coal seams. Joint deal with Shell gives Beijing a stake in Australian coal-seam gas 2010-03-22T18:13:00Z

The deal would give the bidders a foothold in Australia's emerging coal seam gas industry, which looks set to become a big exporter for the country. Shell and PetroChina up Arrow bid 2010-03-22T07:59:00Z

Davies led Arrow to be the first firm to outline plans of converting cheap and abundant coal seam gas into the much higher-value LNG for export markets, a still untested technology. NEWSMAKER-Arrow's Davies hits target with sweetened Shell bid 2010-03-22T05:27:00Z

At these sites, peaks are sheared off with heavy machinery and explosives, exposing the coal seams inside. 2010-01-08T05:00:00Z

The coal seams are commonly associated with petroleum springs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens"

In a coal mine at Bernissart in Belgium the miners found the coal seam they were following suddenly come to an end, and they got into a mass of clay. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight

In southern Brazil, on the other hand, in Rio Grande do Sul, Paran�, &c., the beds of this period are of terrestrial origin, containing coal seams and remains of plants. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis"

The process involves extracting reserves of coal-bed methane from the coal seams through drilling, then piping the gas to the coast to be converted to LNG and shipped to users in Asia. NEWSMAKER-Arrow's Davies hits target with sweetened Shell bid 2010-03-22T05:27:00Z

The district is poor in minerals; the yield of silver and copper has almost ceased, but there are workable coal seams near Offenburg, where the Kinzig debouches on the plain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

Compared with the Gondwana coal of the peninsula of India the Tertiary coal seams of Assam are remarkable for their purity and their extraordinary thickness. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens"

But if, in digging a coal pit, water rushes in and prevents the miners reaching the coal seam, it is clear that the water is the opposite of useful. Political economy

Although in some parts of the world coal seams of pre-Carboniferous age often reach the dignity of workable thickness, the coal worked in this country is entirely of Carboniferous date. Coal and What We Get from It

In New Brunswick the Carboniferous rocks occupy a large area, but the coal seams so far developed are thin and unimportant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony"

The theoretical conclusion has been confirmed by the discovery of Coal Measures, with workable coal seams, at Dover at a depth of 2000 ft. below the surface. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance"

His small knowledge of geology—though it was mainly of coal seams—was of service, and the young fellow was quick to learn. The Boy With the U.S. Miners

When lying at Singapore Captain Baker heard of the coal seams just discovered at Kiangi, on the Brunei river, which made such a stir in the City a few months afterwards. The Woodlands Orchids

The Dean ultimately traced the phenomenon to an escape of inflammable gas from an underlying coal seam, and he followed up the matter experimentally by studying the destructive distillation of Wigan coal in retorts. Coal and What We Get from It

Clearer evidence of their occurrence has, however, been found in fragments of wood fossilized by silica or carbonate of lime which are sometimes met with in coal seams. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade"

In south China the whole series consists chiefly of limestones, and the coal seams are comparatively unimportant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton"

All coal seams and the rocks above and below them have been laid down by water. The Boy With the U.S. Miners

Saw a coal seam in a cut rock wall on the bank. Young Alaskans in the Far North

As they made their way along, the under-viewer showed him a fault in the coal seam, and explained what it was. The Mines and its Wonders

The variation in the composition of coal seams in different parts of the same basin is a difficult matter to explain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade"

On the surface map are indicated the topography, the geologic horizons, and the lines of outcrop of the coal seams. The Economic Aspect of Geology

I could tell you a dozen more freak things that a coal seam can do. The Boy With the U.S. Miners

At Muara there is an outcrop of coal seams twenty, twenty-five and twenty-six feet thick. British Borneo Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan, and North Borneo

No idea can be formed of the importance of the American coal seams until we reflect on the prodigious area over which they are continuous. The Conquest of Canada (Vol. 1 of 2)

Such changes seem, however, to have been very rapidly accomplished, as pebbles of completely formed coal are commonly found in the sandstones and coarser sedimentary strata alternating with the coal seams in many coalfields. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade"

In addition, there are indicated the sub-surface contours of one or more of the coal seams which are selected as datum horizons. The Economic Aspect of Geology

Coal mining might be bad enough, even if the coal seams always ran level. The Boy With the U.S. Miners

“Levels,” or slightly ascending passages, driven into the hill sides till they struck the coal seam, appear to have been general. The Forest of Dean An Historical and Descriptive Account

Siberia, especially the river territory of the Yenisej and the Lena, possesses rich coal seams, which probably extend under considerable portions of the Siberian plain, but are yet unworked and have attracted little attention. The Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe, Volume I and Volume II

A coal seam with a soft pavement and a hard roof is the most subject to a “creep.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade"

In Illinois and Indiana there are nine workable coal seams, in Pennsylvania in some places about twenty, and in Wales there are over one hundred, many of which are worked. The Economic Aspect of Geology

But you're dead right in saying that all coal seams are overlaid with rocks which have been laid down by water, and that fossil shells are found in the overlying layers. The Boy With the U.S. Miners

I want to make out how wide the coal seam is, and whether it would be easy to work. Steve Young

It is probable besides that the layers of shale, which often surround the coal seams, have in this case been mistaken for the true coal. The Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe, Volume I and Volume II

A live frog is reported to have been found in a coal seam at a Monmouthshire colliery. Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 159, October 13, 1920

In short, the following of a coal seam requires at almost every stage the application of principles of structural geology. The Economic Aspect of Geology

Nearly all coal seams are broken up by faults. The Boy With the U.S. Miners

These were found in an ancient fissure filled with rocks of Comanchic age, traversing the Carboniferous strata in which the coal seam lay, and with them were skeletons of other extinct reptiles of smaller size. Dinosaurs With Special Reference to the American Museum Collections

Thus coal seams are the accumulations of the sun's energy for thousands of centuries, requiring the patient growth and slow decay of hundreds of immense forests. The Harris-Ingram Experiment

The whole thickness of the coal seam is exposed along the walls. The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 31, June 10, 1897 A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls

Outcrops of coal seams may be found in folded or deeply eroded areas. The Economic Aspect of Geology

Oh, there's no end to the tricks a coal seam can play. The Boy With the U.S. Miners

Across these mountains, in the city of Philadelphia, six score years and more ago a convention once uttered the identical sentiments being voiced by these serfs of the coal seams. The Transgressors Story of a Great Sin

The coal seam proved to be far richer than had been anticipated, and those expert in such matters said there were undoubted indications of the near presence of iron ore. Scottish sketches

The Russians told me that a few wreaths of smoke were visible in summer, caused probably by the decomposition of several coal seams on the upper side of the mountain. Overland through Asia; Pictures of Siberian, Chinese, and Tartar Life

In the study of the occurrence of coal seams, the reader cannot do better than familiarize himself with one or more of the Geological Survey folios. The Economic Aspect of Geology

Sometimes the layer of rock under a coal seam is so soft that when you start to timber it, the timbers sink into the floor and the roof comes toppling down. The Boy With the U.S. Miners

Suppose that all the coal seams which underlie America were made to yield up their stores. McClure's Magazine December, 1895

On Wednesday also the Commissioners drove to see the coal seam about five miles east of the Blackfoot crossing. The Treaties of Canada with the Indians of Manitoba and the North-West Territories Including the Negotiations on Which They Were Based, and Other Information Relating Thereto

They had discovered a coal seam at the mouth of the Murchison River, and now, on their return journey, they found another at the Fitzgerald River. The Explorers of Australia and their Life-work

The mining of a lower coal seam has often so broken up the overlying strata as to render it impossible to recover the upper coal seams contained therein. The Economic Aspect of Geology

On it some extensive coal seams were seen, which will be more fully referred to further on. Klondyke Nuggets A Brief Description of the Great Gold Regions in the Northwest

The timber is worth more than the mortgage; and if that coal seam does run there, it's a magnificent fortune. The Gilded Age, Part 6.

A stratum of fire clay commonly underlies a coal seam, and there occur also beds of iron ore. The Elements of Geology

Firedamp, it is well known, is only generated in coal seams; therefore the existence of a vein of precious combustible could no longer be doubted. The Underground City, or, the Child of the Cavern

Also, if the better coal seam happens to be below and the poorer seams above, market conditions may require that the lower seam be mined regardless of the destruction of the upper ones. The Economic Aspect of Geology

The aspect of our coal seams to-day, alternating between thick layers of sand and mud, shows a remarkable oscillation of the land. The Story of Evolution

There were vast marshes in which there accumulated the larger part of the valuable coal seams of the West. The Elements of Geology

A coal seam is a fossil peat bed. The Elements of Geology

In the Nova Scotia field, out of seventy-six distinct coal seams, twenty are underlain by old forest grounds. The Elements of Geology

Note that the outcrop of the coal seam is now deceptively repeated. The Elements of Geology

单词	coal seam
例句	coal seam By this time Gale will have clocked in at the mines, taken the stomach-churning elevator ride into the depths of the earth, and be pounding away at a coal seam. Catching Fire 2009-09-01T00:00:00Z In 1962, a fire in a dump on the edge of town ignited a coal seam. A Walk in the Woods 1997-11-01T00:00:00Z Behind the dense sandstone of the header, the Captain believed, was a vast, undiscovered coal seam. October Sky 1999-04-01T00:00:00Z Silica dust from the exploded coal seams contributes to an epidemic of silicosis and asthma and heavy metals from the mining process poison wells, possibly causing an abnormally high rate of cancer in local residents. Robert Kennedy Jr. says West Virginia coal industry out of control in documentary 2011-07-14T21:09:07Z In a string of towns running along a coal seam, the sparkle of small-town drag queens and kings colors a way of life rooted in soot, family and a conservative understanding of the world. Drag queens are out, proud and loud in a string of coal towns, from a bingo hall to blue-collar bars 2023-07-03T04:00:00Z As the name indicates, coal seam fires begin when a layer of coal underneath Earth's crust manages to ignite. This ghost town is too dangerous for humans because an endless fire burns beneath it 2023-03-04T05:00:00Z MTM is a surface mining practice involving the removal of mountaintops to expose coal seams, and disposing of the associated mining waste in adjacent valleys. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z But the faults do not appear to continue into the coal seam, and they certainly do not continue into the upper sandstone. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In fact, not a single coal seam has been found in rocks of this vintage anywhere in the world. Toxic Slime Contributed to Earth’s Worst Mass Extinction—And It’s Making a Comeback 2022-07-06T04:00:00Z An accomplished surfer and marine rescue volunteer who helped rescue people during the flood, she played a key role in the area’s decision to ban coal seam gas extraction. In Australia’s quiet climate election, independents could make noise 2022-05-17T04:00:00Z Because coal seam fires have a massive supply of fuel and an unlimited supply of oxygen, they can burn for centuries, like the Brennender Berg fire. This ghost town is too dangerous for humans because an endless fire burns beneath it 2023-03-04T05:00:00Z Named for the rich Donets Basin of coal seams just below the surface, the region is dotted with Soviet-era mining and factory towns across the sprawl of sunflower fields and grassy plains. Putin’s Ukraine gamble pivots to a very different battlefield 2022-04-16T04:00:00Z The coal seam is about 50 cm thick. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Our investigation of the sediments above the coal seams around Sydney revealed abundant charcoal, a clear sign of widespread burning in the last vestiges of the Permian coal swamps. Toxic Slime Contributed to Earth’s Worst Mass Extinction—And It’s Making a Comeback 2022-07-06T04:00:00Z There are hundreds and possibly thousands more undocumented blazes burning in coal seams that have never been mined, researchers and government officials say. Deadly Colorado blaze renews focus on underground coal fires 2022-01-30T05:00:00Z In a rapidly decarbonizing economy, there is very little room for steadily dwindling West Virginia coal seams, or $60+ barrels of Texas oil. What Joe Manchin wants 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z They frequently crowded more miners at subterranean coal seams than safety regulations allowed. China Hurries to Burn More Coal, Putting Climate Goals at Risk 2021-10-28T04:00:00Z The fires were caused by heat from coal seams, the deposits of coal found in the ground in the area, said Peggy Miller, a spokeswoman for the fires. California fire threatens homes as blazes burn across West 2021-08-15T04:00:00Z Authorities suspect a burning coal seam started the blaze Saturday. Firefighters making progress on North Dakota wildfires 2021-05-02T04:00:00Z “The problem with coal seam fires is we don’t know how deep they are or how wide they are until you get in there and start digging,” she said. Deadly Colorado blaze renews focus on underground coal fires 2022-01-30T05:00:00Z To feed the massive coal plant, the planners of the Central Arizona Project turned to Black Mesa, a high desert plateau underlaid by a rich coal seam. Tribal Coal Fields Will Test Biden’s Environmental Justice Goals 2021-02-09T05:00:00Z Along with the rare earths that can be taken out of fly ash and from the clays above and below coal seams, coal remains valuable. Recently retired Wyoming senator settling back in at home 2021-01-09T05:00:00Z That’s where coal seams can ignite, burning leftover coal deep underground. Colorado keeping tabs on underground coal mine fires 2020-06-07T04:00:00Z But in 1962, a raging underground coal fire spread beneath the town after municipal employees tried to burn trash at a garbage dump and ignited an exposed coal seam, according to History. 5 American ghost towns abandoned to time 2020-02-17T05:00:00Z Underground coal seams burn unpredictably and can break through to the surface without warning long after a fire starts, he said. Deadly Colorado blaze renews focus on underground coal fires 2022-01-30T05:00:00Z "The ground in and around the coal seam is extremely unstable and the area should be avoided." Colorado coal-seam fire just discovered has been burning underground for over a year, officials say 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z His research shows that the DNA in these districts is flecked with disadvantage1, just as the coal seams once threaded through the ground. The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z The discovery of coal seams, the accumulation of past energy, sparked a frenzy of exploitation. Bad ancestors: does the climate crisis violate the rights of those yet to be born? 2019-10-01T04:00:00Z A last hurdle was Queensland’s approval for the company’s plan to monitor the fragile ecosystems that depend on multiple aquifers near the coal seam. How One Billionaire Could Keep Three Countries Hooked on Coal for Decades 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z In the late 20th century, state officials approved new strip mining practices that allowed companies to blast away at the summits of West Virginia mountains to gain easier access to coal seams. West Virginia bets big on plastics, and on backing the Trump administration 2019-08-05T04:00:00Z Royal Dutch Shell’s and PetroChina’s Arrow Energy Surat project in Queensland, Australia’s biggest undeveloped coal seam gas resource, aims to start producing by 2021, but has been delayed due to a spat between the partners. Australia planning to import LNG: What's next? Coals to Newcastle? 2019-03-03T05:00:00Z The Department of Environmental Protection’s Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation says it’s due to mine subsidence on a different underground coal seam, and mine maps indicate such things occurred before the fire. Officials: Centralia sinkhole unrelated to underground fire 2019-02-17T05:00:00Z “It’s pretty much everything you would want in a minable coal seam,” he said. Trump shrank this monument for coal, but few care to dig 2019-01-14T05:00:00Z Company representatives made the case to rural Queenslanders that they could gain from opening up the Galilee Basin, the vast coal seam that the Adani Group wanted to exploit. How One Billionaire Could Keep Three Countries Hooked on Coal for Decades 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z This involves digging into the side of hills and then burrowing horizontal tunnels to reach a coal seam. Families pray for Indian miners trapped underground for 13 days 2018-12-26T05:00:00Z Part of the problem is that the largest coal seams in central Appalachia have been depleted, prompting coal companies to mine smaller seams that expose miners to a particularly toxic combination of silica and coal. After years underground, a Kentucky coal miner with black lung faces the future 2018-12-26T05:00:00Z In the valley mentioned by Al-Masudi, locals were exploiting the spontaneous natural combustion of surface coal seams. Satellite pinpoints ammonia sources globally 2018-12-04T05:00:00Z Miners are working with thinner coal seams, meaning they are cutting into more rock that contains the silica, which is more damaging to lungs than coal dust. Study looks at ways to control dust coal miners breathe 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z In November 2015, for example, Morgan Stanley said it would reduce financing for projects using “mountaintop removal,” in which mountains are dynamited to reveal coal seams. Think the Big Banks Have Abandoned Coal? Think Again 2018-05-28T04:00:00Z The moratorium led to UCG - a method of extracting gas from coal seams that are too deep underground for traditional mining techniques - effectively being banned last year after "numerous and serious environmental risks" were identified. Scotland and fracking: How did we get here? 2017-10-03T04:00:00Z They are as varied as the layers of rock that surround a coal seam, but in a twist, a considerable number involve renewable energy. What’s Up in Coal Country: Alternative-Energy Jobs 2017-09-30T04:00:00Z It’s a dubious promise in Eastern Kentucky and West Virginia where depleted coal seams are making mining unprofitable. Kentucky editorial roundup 2017-09-20T04:00:00Z The Upper and Middle Kittanning coal seams run around the sides of the hole like dark rings in a gritty bathtub. ‘Coal country is a great place to be from.’ But does the future match Trump’s optimism? 2017-06-06T04:00:00Z Their development has allowed a controversial fracking boom in Queensland, where about 6,000 coal seam gas wells have been drilled to deliver gas to be liquefied at the plants. Obama's dirty secret: the fossil fuel projects the US littered around the world 2016-12-01T05:00:00Z UCG is a method of extracting gas from coal seams that are too deep underground to be mined using traditional techniques. Green groups hopeful of underground coal gasification ban - BBC News 2016-10-05T04:00:00Z This is the miners’ 45-minute commute to the coal seam, where they shave off thousands of tons of black rock each week. A Curious Plan to Fight Climate Change: Buy Mines, Sell Coal 2016-10-01T04:00:00Z Another factor is “diminishing reserves of thick and easily accessible coal seams.” Hard Truths for Trump’s America 2016-09-13T04:00:00Z Very thick coal seams will help control costs at the mines, which will be mostly underground but will include some surface and longwall operations as well, he added. AP Exclusive: $90M investment for 2 new met coal mines 2016-09-06T04:00:00Z A pipeline networks association said, though, that shale and coal seam gas would be key to supporting Australia's shift to cleaner energy and replacing aging coal-fired power. Australia steps up gas fracking bans despite supply crunch 2016-08-29T04:00:00Z And when they stumbled across a coal seam on their property, they were more than happy to sell it to the state to fuel their engine houses, he said. Allegheny Portage site recalls 1834 railroad innovation 2016-08-20T04:00:00Z At its height, the Marianna mine employed 900 people to mine its corner of the Pittsburgh Seam, whose coal contains more energy per volume than any other coal seam in the country. Marianna, Waynesburg, struggle as coal mining fades 2016-05-21T04:00:00Z A 2010 research paper by University of Alaska Fairbanks and Division of Forestry researchers said spontaneous coal combustion is believed to be the primary natural cause of most coal seam fires. Coal seam fires again spark wildfires near Healy, coal mine 2016-05-06T04:00:00Z In traditional mining, individual “rooms” are cut into a coal seam and then supported by pillars to prevent a collapse. A Crusader in the Coal Mine, Taking On President Obama 2016-04-30T04:00:00Z The bodies of four miners were recovered after the initial disaster on Thursday when methane gas, a common hazard in coal seams, exploded in two locations about 2,560 feet underground in the Severny mine. Rescue Workers and Miners Are Killed in Russia Accident 2016-02-28T05:00:00Z "We've made it very, very clear we don't want this coal seam gas." Australia's drive for coal seam gas raises protests - BBC News 2016-01-28T05:00:00Z UCG is an unconventional method of producing gas from coal seams deep underground. Cluff stops spending on Forth underground coal gasification plant - BBC News 2016-01-07T05:00:00Z By a geology quirk, the basin’s biggest coal seam is unusually thick and sits just below the surface. U.S. exports its greenhouse-gas emissions — as coal. Profitable coal. 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z It works like this: First, miners cut two parallel tunnels, often miles long, along either edge of the coal seam. A Crusader in the Coal Mine, Taking On President Obama 2016-04-30T04:00:00Z WellDog, a company started in 1999 to develop techniques to extract natural gas from coal seams, is ramping up its work in North American shale formations. Oil Companies Tap New Technologies to Lower Production Costs 2015-09-14T04:00:00Z The plight of big coal is particularly bleak in Central Appalachia, where coal seams are thinner and costs have increased, and where the oil-price collapse has hurt natural-gas drilling and steelmaking. Suppliers Feel Pain as Coal Miners Struggle 2015-08-30T04:00:00Z They are the residue of 300 years of mining in the rich coal seam that extends west to east just below the Belgian border. Making a vineyard out of a slag heap - BBC News 2015-08-03T04:00:00Z In a practice known as mountaintop mining, companies shear off entire peaks to expose narrow coal seams buried beneath. Outrage over EPA emissions regulations fades as states find fixes 2015-07-23T04:00:00Z Commission chair Cathy Foerster says the commission regulates drilling that might result in the release of hazardous substances and create blowouts, such as in coal seams. Linc Energy fined for not providing info to regulators 2015-07-08T04:00:00Z The driver tipped the steel-toothed rim of the shovel’s bucket downwards, then slammed it into the coal seam wall in front of him. Why India is captured by carbon \| David Rose 2015-05-27T04:00:00Z Coal-mining companies in central Appalachia have struggled in recent years, shedding jobs amid low natural gas prices, dwindling coal seams, competition from other states and weaker market conditions. Patriot Coal files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z Murray Energy paid $1.4 billion for a controlling interest of Foresight Energy, which mines the thick coal seams in the Illinois Basin. Amid WVa tax reform push, Murray blasts coal tax for layoffs 2015-04-19T04:00:00Z In fact, the growth potential in alternative energy fields such as natural gas and renewables is outpacing those in the coal sector, where coal seams are becoming thinner and increasingly more difficult to work. Sen. McConnell Miscalculates: Boycotting Clean Power Plan Would Hurt States 2015-03-15T04:00:00Z They say diminishing coal seams, competition from other states and natural gas, federal regulations and lousy markets are hurting Central Appalachian coal. W.Va. governor signs prevailing wage, coal mining bills 2015-03-12T04:00:00Z It wants to build the UK's first deep offshore UCG plant to exploit the coal seams. Fracking block 'should be extended' 2015-02-22T05:00:00Z Diminishing coal seams, competition from other states and natural gas, federal regulations and lousy markets are hurting Central Appalachian coal. W.Va. Senate clears bill touted by state’s coal industry 2015-02-10T05:00:00Z The mining practice uses blasting and earth movers on mountaintops to get at coal seams. Coal mining protest entering 10th year 2015-02-02T05:00:00Z The fire is burning in a coal seam along U.S. Underground W.Va. coal seam fire investigated 2014-11-20T05:00:00Z But even those coal enterprises acknowledge that the hardships are because Appalachia’s coal seams are depleting while cheap natural gas is taking a toll. Can the GOP Change Obama's Energy Plans? 2014-11-11T05:00:00Z The basin, which historically produced coal, was not known for being especially quake-prone until extraction of naturally occurring methane gas from coal seams ramped up more than a decade ago, he said. Gas wastewater likely triggered 2011 quake in Colorado: USGS 2014-10-29T04:00:00Z Here, the huge grinding wheel works back and forth across the exposed, glistening coal seam. UK coal miners on uncertain ground 2014-10-17T04:00:00Z Sydney University has ruled out future investments in coalmining, while the Bendigo and Adelaide Bank has said it will not lend to firms involved in thermal coal and coal seam gas. Coalition accused of ‘bullying’ ANU after criticism of fossil fuel divestment 2014-10-12T04:00:00Z The San Juan contains coal seams laden with natural gas, and thousands of coalbed methane wells dot the region. Leaky Gas Makes for Top 10 U.S. Carbon Polluters 2014-10-06T04:00:00Z In this process, natural gas is gathered by drilling into underground coal seams. China’s Effort to Produce Natural Gas Falls Far Short 2014-08-21T04:00:00Z He is gung-ho about new coal mines and coal seam gas operations, despite thousands of rural Australians turning out in protest. 'I am a conservationist' – is Abbott the only person who believes that? 2014-06-15T04:00:00Z Coal companies blast the tops off mountains to get at coal seams. Minnesota soil researcher digs dirt 2014-05-24T04:00:00Z Bendigo said it does not lend to companies "for whom the core activity is the exploration, mining, manufacture or export of thermal coal or coal seam gas". Coal, climate change collide as customers query Aussie banks' green credentials 2014-05-19T04:00:00Z Other governments are equally keen to exploit new technologies to access their hidden coal seams. Gas from coal: The future or fantasy? 2014-04-13T23:10:28Z The opposition is proposing to hand over environmental decision-making - including on controversial coal seam gas projects - to individual states. Australia election: Key issues 2013-09-06T01:53:50Z The volume of gas drilled from coal seams under the state has more than quadrupled since then. Australia’s gas explorers (I): The next Qatar? 2013-07-25T14:59:45Z "Mining companies inject dangerous chemicals into aquifers to extract coal seam gas, so it is appropriate that this environmentally damaging activity be covered by our national environment law," a spokesman said. Coalition backs laws that will scupper its own coal seam gas policy 2013-06-19T05:46:00Z That has caused angst around coal seam gas. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z It may also be sequestered in places like unmineable coal seams and oil and gas reservoirs, says a new Energy Department report. Novelties: Pilot Plant in the Works for Carbon Dioxide Cleansing 2013-01-05T19:32:32Z This facility will exploit an otherwise inaccessible coal seam almost a mile deep, and utilize the gas in a 300 MW power plant, at costs that are said to be “very competitive.” Underground Coal Gasification: A Trend Worth Watching 2012-12-12T16:05:52Z The sparring on energy was one of the most heated exchanges in the debate with both candidates trying to attract economically minded voters along coal seams, in oil patches and in industrial towns. Climate Change a No-Show at Presidential Debate, but Candidates Clash on Energy 2012-10-17T16:15:15.257Z Another method for reducing methane emissions, whether underground or on tracks of surface mining, lies in degasifying coal seams prior to extraction. Curbing Coal Mine Methane Could Cool Global Warming 2012-09-07T15:45:00.187Z One problem with coal seam gas is that people didn’t do the work needed before they started. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z But there are still many coal seams, some of them illegal, where they are playing with the lives of the young men working in them. Mexico election: Voters' views 2012-06-27T00:17:52Z UCG essentially involves a process that captures the imagination: heating underground coal seams to the point of combustion. Underground Coal Gasification: A Trend Worth Watching 2012-12-12T16:05:52Z Developers are under pressure to deliver, having sold most of the gas from the first phase of the three coal seam projects to Asian customers through long-term deals starting around 2015. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z The dark mass is a coal seam; the lighter shale above is interrupted by a fossil tree stump. Underground Fossil Forest in Illinois Offers Clues on Climate Change 2012-04-30T22:08:53Z Shale gas extraction is similar to coal seam gas in that both processes gather methane for energy use. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z Beijing wants coal seam gas output as high as 30 bcm by 2020, which would be 15 percent of China's total gas production, up from 5 percent of the total last year. China's Coalbeds Spur Unconventional Gas Supply Boom 2012-04-11T21:45:02.183Z It involves drilling two wells – at some distance from each other – into the coal seam. Underground Coal Gasification: A Trend Worth Watching 2012-12-12T16:05:52Z Australia is on course to overtake Qatar as the world's top LNG exporter by 2017, whether or not future expansion of the coal seam projects goes ahead. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z Its mineral wealth was unknown; its blast furnaces had not been lighted, its coal seams undiscovered. A Gamble with Life 2012-04-11T02:00:33.587Z However, shale gas involves drilling at far greater depths than coal seam gas. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z The result has been that Brazil is striving to supply her own needs by working her southern coal seams, although at the present time want of transport is a serious obstacle to these efforts. South America and the War 2012-02-10T03:00:17.163Z The coal seams are worked for some distance beneath the sea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z Reservoirs of coal seam gas, or coal bed methane as it is also known, are variable, so two wells just a few hundred meters apart can produce very different amounts of the fuel. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z Energy, in some cases, appears to slumber, as in the coal seams of the earth, until an appropriate stimulus is applied, when it enters into active operation once more. The Energy System of Matter A Deduction from Terrestrial Energy Phenomena 2011-12-21T03:00:36.570Z The report is sanguine on the environmental impact of coal seam gas, with some caveats. Australia has huge deposits of shale gas – but it won't come cheap 2013-06-05T08:40:47Z Australians are not alone in opposing non-traditional gas sources such as coal seams. Insight: Australia's coal-seam gas industry feels political heat 2011-11-16T16:41:06Z As others have reported more accurately and correctly than I can on the quality and extent of these coal seams, I shall abstain from repeating or copying what has been already said. Alone with the Hairy Ainu or, 3,800 miles on a pack saddle in Yezo and a cruise to the Kurile Islands. 2011-10-30T02:00:10.270Z Although Australian coal seam gas projects test more than elsewhere globally, said Pope, results can still be unpredictable. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z Arrow Energy is expected to make a final investment decision on Arrow LNG at the end of 2013, joining a crowded field of coal seam gas to LNG projects in Australia's eastern Queensland state. UPDATE 1-Arrow raises offer for Australia's Bow Energy to $524 mln 2011-09-26T10:35:05Z Australia may produce an additional 60 million tons of LNG from projects in western Australia and coal seam gas ventures in Queensland by 2016, according to Bernstein Research. LNG Surges as Japan Vies With China While Exxon’s Shipments Grow 2011-09-18T23:31:56Z On average, gas wells in Queensland suck 20,000 liters of water a day from the coal seams, although the amount can vary widely and declines over time. Insight: Australia's coal-seam gas industry feels political heat 2011-11-16T16:41:06Z Around the corner, an elongated mechanical beast called a continuous miner noisily gnaws at a coal seam interlaced with sandstone. Cleaning America’s Dirtiest Coal Company 2011-08-25T20:45:04Z But even analysts who have more favorable views of coal seam gas developments have flagged concerns. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z Each coal seam is underlain by a bed of clay called "under-clay," containing the roots of the plants that grew on it. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z He progressed to the job of shot-firer, placing and detonating explosives to open up coal seams. Clive Webster obituary 2011-07-10T16:59:28Z The drill also went through a coal seam at 660m that nobody knew existed. City drilling 2011-06-27T05:23:13Z Meanwhile, Hazel had promised to meet him on the morrow, and show him the great coal seam, after which he was to interview her father, and have supper at the—office. The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z All three began construction in 2010 and 2011, two of the wettest years in decades in Queensland state, where the coal seam gas fields are located. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z Other investments in the Aloe portfolio include Greenko Group, which owns and operates biomass energy plants in India, and Longmen Group, which drills coal seams to extract methane gas in China. Cleaning up 2011-05-09T23:04:00Z Then there was the river frontage, and, yes—actually—the outcrop of a coal seam was jutting right out of its bank. The Way of the Strong 2011-04-07T02:00:21.387Z After leaving Yale, Mr. Leisenring headed straight for Big Stone Gap, Va., to work as a survey crewman, measuring coal seams. E. B. Leisenring Jr., Coal Executive, Dies at 85 2011-03-12T23:19:13Z The coal's five miles west of here, and the railroad has got to say if they'll keep the depot where it is, or build a new one further along, right on the coal seams. The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z Environmentalists and farmers fear drilling for coal seam gas could damage water supplies on farmland or near populated east coast areas. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z Beneath the thick nummulitic Eocene limestone of the Salt Range are shales and marls with a few coal seams. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Gas trapped in shale, coal seams and impermeable sandstone is collectively known as unconventional gas. PetroChina to Buy Encana Asset in Biggest Acquisition 2011-02-10T05:27:03Z Shale gas is a natural gas extracted from shale rocks and coal seams. Gas prices will keep going up, but there are ways to keep the costs down 2011-02-09T18:00:00Z Anyhow, the purchase had to be made, since it was necessary to ride out to the coal seams. The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z Concerns that coal seam gas will be unable to provide enough gas to meet LNG contracts has pipeline owners, drillers and gas producers eyeing a potential bonanza. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z The Queensland Curtis Liquefied Natural Gas project will be the first plant in the world to convert coal seam gas into LNG, with the intention of producing 8.5m tonnes of LNG annually. BG Group sees 2010 profits rise 2011-02-08T11:18:13Z It won a major concession when Bush lifted restrictions on mountaintop removal - the practice of blowing off mountain tops to expose coal seams. New push to strengthen mine safety faces resistance based on longtime strategies 2011-01-04T02:25:01Z The International Energy Agency this year pointed to an unexpected global "gas glut" which it forecasts will last for a decade, the result of new ways of producing "unconventional gas" from shale or coal seams. Liquid gas expands to fill Britain's energy gap 2010-12-27T17:27:36Z Them coal seams could stoke hell till kingdom come, an' shares 'ud still be at a premium. The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z The higher price achievable for export gas and the need to supplement coal seam gas production could bring it back to life. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z Fireclays of great value are obtained from beneath many of the coal seams. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z The company said earlier Monday that it will supplement coal seam gas supplies with existing uncontracted proven and probable gas from its interests in the Cooper Basin in central Australia. Asian Markets Rise 2010-10-25T01:12:00Z David Feickert, a coal mine safety expert who advises the Chinese government, said draining methane gas from the coal seam requires great care. Rescuers fear miners trapped by China explosion may have suffocated 2010-10-17T11:05:00Z What does them big coal seams tell you? The Son of his Father 2011-06-01T02:00:21.287Z The potential for U.S. shale gas exports to undercut Australia's coal seam gas exporters also threatens further expansion. Insight: Australia's coal bed LNG export expansion plans falter 2012-06-03T20:23:06Z Though geologic records show evidence of underground coal fires dating to the Pleistocene era, modern-day coal fires are often an unintended side effect of mining operations that open coal seams to oxygen. Deep Underground, Miles of Hidden Wildfires Rage 2010-07-23T19:30:00Z Similarly, new ways to extract natural gas from coal seams has attracted billions of dollars of investment into Australia and led to the rare sight of onshore rigs drilling in Europe. Oil groups turn focus back to traditional fields 2010-04-26T04:25:00Z A powerful drum-shaped cutting head -- several feet in diameter and fitted with cutting bits -- rotates rapidly along a coal seam that can be up to 1,500 feet in length and a few feet high. Upper Big Branch had stepped up production for its 'gassy' coal 2010-04-10T04:00:00Z The cause might have been a drop in barometric pressure from an approaching storm, which could pull excess methane out of the coal seam underground. Rescue crews evacuate West Virginia mine 2010-04-08T15:29:00Z Much of the natural gas sold in the United States is drawn from coal seams. Methane, a Common Danger of Coal Mines 2010-04-06T21:39:00Z The mine is on the Eagle coal seam, which releases up to 2 million cubic feet of methane gas into the mine every 24 hours, federal records report. West Virginia coal mine explosion leaves 7 dead, 19 missing 2010-04-06T04:00:00Z At these sites, mining companies fill valleys to the brim with rock and rubble left over when peaks are sheared off to reach coal seams inside. EPA unveils new pollution limits that could curtail 'mountaintop' mining 2010-04-01T19:49:00Z At these mines, entire Appalachian peaks are sheared off with explosives and earth-moving equipment to reach coal seams inside them. Pepco is apparent target of Greenwash Guerrillas' hoax 2010-04-01T16:41:00Z The deal would also see a Chinese company acquire for the first time a stake in Australia's vast reserves of coal-seam gas, where trapped gas is extracted from underground coal seams. Joint deal with Shell gives Beijing a stake in Australian coal-seam gas 2010-03-22T18:13:00Z The deal would give the bidders a foothold in Australia's emerging coal seam gas industry, which looks set to become a big exporter for the country. Shell and PetroChina up Arrow bid 2010-03-22T07:59:00Z Davies led Arrow to be the first firm to outline plans of converting cheap and abundant coal seam gas into the much higher-value LNG for export markets, a still untested technology. NEWSMAKER-Arrow's Davies hits target with sweetened Shell bid 2010-03-22T05:27:00Z At these sites, peaks are sheared off with heavy machinery and explosives, exposing the coal seams inside. 2010-01-08T05:00:00Z The coal seams are commonly associated with petroleum springs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" In a coal mine at Bernissart in Belgium the miners found the coal seam they were following suddenly come to an end, and they got into a mass of clay. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight In southern Brazil, on the other hand, in Rio Grande do Sul, Paran�, &c., the beds of this period are of terrestrial origin, containing coal seams and remains of plants. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" The process involves extracting reserves of coal-bed methane from the coal seams through drilling, then piping the gas to the coast to be converted to LNG and shipped to users in Asia. NEWSMAKER-Arrow's Davies hits target with sweetened Shell bid 2010-03-22T05:27:00Z The district is poor in minerals; the yield of silver and copper has almost ceased, but there are workable coal seams near Offenburg, where the Kinzig debouches on the plain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Compared with the Gondwana coal of the peninsula of India the Tertiary coal seams of Assam are remarkable for their purity and their extraordinary thickness. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" But if, in digging a coal pit, water rushes in and prevents the miners reaching the coal seam, it is clear that the water is the opposite of useful. Political economy Although in some parts of the world coal seams of pre-Carboniferous age often reach the dignity of workable thickness, the coal worked in this country is entirely of Carboniferous date. Coal and What We Get from It In New Brunswick the Carboniferous rocks occupy a large area, but the coal seams so far developed are thin and unimportant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" The theoretical conclusion has been confirmed by the discovery of Coal Measures, with workable coal seams, at Dover at a depth of 2000 ft. below the surface. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance" His small knowledge of geology—though it was mainly of coal seams—was of service, and the young fellow was quick to learn. The Boy With the U.S. Miners When lying at Singapore Captain Baker heard of the coal seams just discovered at Kiangi, on the Brunei river, which made such a stir in the City a few months afterwards. The Woodlands Orchids The Dean ultimately traced the phenomenon to an escape of inflammable gas from an underlying coal seam, and he followed up the matter experimentally by studying the destructive distillation of Wigan coal in retorts. Coal and What We Get from It Clearer evidence of their occurrence has, however, been found in fragments of wood fossilized by silica or carbonate of lime which are sometimes met with in coal seams. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" In south China the whole series consists chiefly of limestones, and the coal seams are comparatively unimportant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" All coal seams and the rocks above and below them have been laid down by water. The Boy With the U.S. Miners Saw a coal seam in a cut rock wall on the bank. Young Alaskans in the Far North As they made their way along, the under-viewer showed him a fault in the coal seam, and explained what it was. The Mines and its Wonders The variation in the composition of coal seams in different parts of the same basin is a difficult matter to explain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" On the surface map are indicated the topography, the geologic horizons, and the lines of outcrop of the coal seams. The Economic Aspect of Geology I could tell you a dozen more freak things that a coal seam can do. The Boy With the U.S. Miners At Muara there is an outcrop of coal seams twenty, twenty-five and twenty-six feet thick. British Borneo Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan, and North Borneo No idea can be formed of the importance of the American coal seams until we reflect on the prodigious area over which they are continuous. The Conquest of Canada (Vol. 1 of 2) Such changes seem, however, to have been very rapidly accomplished, as pebbles of completely formed coal are commonly found in the sandstones and coarser sedimentary strata alternating with the coal seams in many coalfields. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" In addition, there are indicated the sub-surface contours of one or more of the coal seams which are selected as datum horizons. The Economic Aspect of Geology Coal mining might be bad enough, even if the coal seams always ran level. The Boy With the U.S. Miners “Levels,” or slightly ascending passages, driven into the hill sides till they struck the coal seam, appear to have been general. The Forest of Dean An Historical and Descriptive Account Siberia, especially the river territory of the Yenisej and the Lena, possesses rich coal seams, which probably extend under considerable portions of the Siberian plain, but are yet unworked and have attracted little attention. The Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe, Volume I and Volume II A coal seam with a soft pavement and a hard roof is the most subject to a “creep.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" In Illinois and Indiana there are nine workable coal seams, in Pennsylvania in some places about twenty, and in Wales there are over one hundred, many of which are worked. The Economic Aspect of Geology But you're dead right in saying that all coal seams are overlaid with rocks which have been laid down by water, and that fossil shells are found in the overlying layers. The Boy With the U.S. Miners I want to make out how wide the coal seam is, and whether it would be easy to work. Steve Young It is probable besides that the layers of shale, which often surround the coal seams, have in this case been mistaken for the true coal. The Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe, Volume I and Volume II A live frog is reported to have been found in a coal seam at a Monmouthshire colliery. Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 159, October 13, 1920 In short, the following of a coal seam requires at almost every stage the application of principles of structural geology. The Economic Aspect of Geology Nearly all coal seams are broken up by faults. The Boy With the U.S. Miners These were found in an ancient fissure filled with rocks of Comanchic age, traversing the Carboniferous strata in which the coal seam lay, and with them were skeletons of other extinct reptiles of smaller size. Dinosaurs With Special Reference to the American Museum Collections Thus coal seams are the accumulations of the sun's energy for thousands of centuries, requiring the patient growth and slow decay of hundreds of immense forests. The Harris-Ingram Experiment The whole thickness of the coal seam is exposed along the walls. The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 31, June 10, 1897 A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls Outcrops of coal seams may be found in folded or deeply eroded areas. The Economic Aspect of Geology Oh, there's no end to the tricks a coal seam can play. The Boy With the U.S. Miners Across these mountains, in the city of Philadelphia, six score years and more ago a convention once uttered the identical sentiments being voiced by these serfs of the coal seams. The Transgressors Story of a Great Sin The coal seam proved to be far richer than had been anticipated, and those expert in such matters said there were undoubted indications of the near presence of iron ore. Scottish sketches The Russians told me that a few wreaths of smoke were visible in summer, caused probably by the decomposition of several coal seams on the upper side of the mountain. Overland through Asia; Pictures of Siberian, Chinese, and Tartar Life In the study of the occurrence of coal seams, the reader cannot do better than familiarize himself with one or more of the Geological Survey folios. The Economic Aspect of Geology Sometimes the layer of rock under a coal seam is so soft that when you start to timber it, the timbers sink into the floor and the roof comes toppling down. The Boy With the U.S. Miners Suppose that all the coal seams which underlie America were made to yield up their stores. McClure's Magazine December, 1895 On Wednesday also the Commissioners drove to see the coal seam about five miles east of the Blackfoot crossing. The Treaties of Canada with the Indians of Manitoba and the North-West Territories Including the Negotiations on Which They Were Based, and Other Information Relating Thereto They had discovered a coal seam at the mouth of the Murchison River, and now, on their return journey, they found another at the Fitzgerald River. The Explorers of Australia and their Life-work The mining of a lower coal seam has often so broken up the overlying strata as to render it impossible to recover the upper coal seams contained therein. The Economic Aspect of Geology On it some extensive coal seams were seen, which will be more fully referred to further on. Klondyke Nuggets A Brief Description of the Great Gold Regions in the Northwest The timber is worth more than the mortgage; and if that coal seam does run there, it's a magnificent fortune. The Gilded Age, Part 6. A stratum of fire clay commonly underlies a coal seam, and there occur also beds of iron ore. The Elements of Geology Firedamp, it is well known, is only generated in coal seams; therefore the existence of a vein of precious combustible could no longer be doubted. The Underground City, or, the Child of the Cavern Also, if the better coal seam happens to be below and the poorer seams above, market conditions may require that the lower seam be mined regardless of the destruction of the upper ones. The Economic Aspect of Geology The aspect of our coal seams to-day, alternating between thick layers of sand and mud, shows a remarkable oscillation of the land. The Story of Evolution There were vast marshes in which there accumulated the larger part of the valuable coal seams of the West. The Elements of Geology A coal seam is a fossil peat bed. The Elements of Geology In the Nova Scotia field, out of seventy-six distinct coal seams, twenty are underlain by old forest grounds. The Elements of Geology Note that the outcrop of the coal seam is now deceptively repeated. The Elements of Geology
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