英语词汇“cleistogamic”造句的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

Amphicarpum is remarkable in having cleistogamic flowers borne on long radical subterranean peduncles which are fertile, whilst the conspicuous upper paniculate ones, though apparently perfect, never produce fruit. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z

Thus, in our common dog-violet the perfect flowers rarely produce seed, while the rudimentary cleistogamic flowers do so in abundance. Darwinism (1889)

The short, hooked part of the peduncle of a cleistogamic flower, bearing a pod nearly ripe, was observed in the dark during three days. The Power of Movement in Plants

They have been called by Dr. Kuhn cleistogamic, and they will be described in the last chapter of this volume. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Cruger's case here referred to is doubtless the cleistogamic fertilisation of Epidendrum, etc. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2

Reference has already been made to cleistogamic species which occur in several genera. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z

The sweet violet also produces abundance of seed from its cleistogamic flowers, and few from its perfect flowers; but in Liguria it produces only perfect flowers which seed abundantly. Darwinism (1889)

Just as in some orchids and cleistogamic flowers self-pollination regularly occurs, so it may also occur in other cases. Darwin and Modern Science

Several plants are known occasionally to produce flowers destitute of a corolla; but they belong to a different class of cases from cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The cleistogamic flowers of Viola are used in the discussion on Nageli's views. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2

Professor Oliver adds that he has seen flowers on Campanula colorata in an intermediate condition between cleistogamic and perfect ones. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Both the perfect and cleistogamic flowers produce seeds. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

As the Asclepiadous genus Stapelia is said to produce cleistogamic flowers, the following case may be worth giving. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The latter resemble in this respect cleistogamic flowers, but differ widely from them in being sterile and conspicuous. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

One chapter will be devoted to cleistogamic species, and I will just notice your new grass case. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2

No trace of anthers or of stamens could be detected; and I knew from having examined many cleistogamic flowers what to look for. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

In the genus Hordeum it has been shown by Delpino that the majority of the flowers are cleistogamic, some of the others expanding and apparently allowing of cross-fertilisation. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

On the roadside some plants had been cut down, whilst the cleistogamic panicles were developing, and these plants afterwards produced free or unenclosed panicles of small size, bearing perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

I will begin with the heterostyled, then pass on to certain dioecious, sub-dioecious, and polygamous species, and end with the cleistogamic. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The pollen of the closed imperfect cleistogamic flowers differ in the transparency of the integument, and I think in size. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2

It has long been known that this plant produces cleistogamic flowers, but these were first described with care by M. Duval-Jouve. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The cleistogamic flowers are very small, and usually mature their seeds within the sheaths of the leaves. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

There can therefore be little doubt that this plant generally propagates itself throughout an immense area by cleistogamic seeds, and that it can hardly ever be invigorated by cross- fertilisation. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Michalet asserts that V. palustris produces near Paris only perfect flowers, which are quite fertile; but that when the plant grows on mountains cleistogamic flowers are produced; and so it is with V. biflora. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Moreover Mr. Bennett has shown that the buds of the cleistogamic and perfect flowers of Impatiens differ at a very early period of growth. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

As cleistogamic flowers are completely closed they are necessarily self- fertilised, not to mention the absence of any attraction to insects; and they thus differ widely from the great majority of ordinary flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

We thus see that cleistogamic flowers produce seeds with a wonderfully small expenditure of pollen; and they produce as a general rule quite as many seeds as the perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

As cleistogamic flowers are invariably fertilised, and as they are produced in large numbers, they yield altogether a much larger supply of seeds than do the perfect flowers on the same plant. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

My plants grew in pots, and long after the perfect flowers had withered they produced not only cleistogamic but a few minute open flowers, which were in an intermediate condition between the two kinds. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

It is a natural inquiry how so many plants belonging to various very distinct families first came to have the development of their flowers arrested, so as ultimately to become cleistogamic. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Kuhn, Dr., on cleistogamic flowers. list of plants producing differently formed seeds. heterostyled plants. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Summary and concluding remarks on the origin of cleistogamic flowers.—The chief conclusions which may be drawn from the observations in this volume. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Viola, description of the cleistogamic flowers in the several species; their fertility compared with that of the perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Many of the early flowers on a mid-styled plant in my hothouse did not open properly, and were in an intermediate condition between cleistogamic and perfect. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Summary and concluding remarks on the origin of cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

These closed flowers have been appropriately named cleistogamic by Dr. Kuhn. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Their development seems to be largely governed by the conditions to which the plants are exposed, for during certain seasons or in certain localities only cleistogamic or only perfect flowers are produced. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

But it is by no means easy to decide in all cases whether certain flowers ought to be ranked as cleistogamic. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The styles are furrowed longitudinally, and are clothed with simple as well as glandular hairs, but only in the cleistogamic flowers produced by the long- styled and mid-styled forms. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

I will now give as complete a list of the genera containing cleistogamic species as I have been able to collect. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Plantago has been omitted because as far as I can discover it produces hermaphrodite and female flower-heads, but not cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

A large number, but not all the species, of certain genera, as of Oxalis and Viola, bear cleistogamic as well as ordinary flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The calyx of the cleistogamic flowers differs in no respect from that of the perfect ones. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

It is therefore probable that the pollen of the cleistogamic flowers has been modified in power, so as to act on their own stigmas, for they yield an abundance of seeds. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

In the cleistogamic flowers, the pollen-grains, as far as I could see, never naturally fall out of the anther-cells, but emit their tubes through a pore at the upper end. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The seeds produced by the cleistogamic and perfect flowers do not differ in appearance or number. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The doubleness of the perfect flowers had thus spread to the cleistogamic ones, which therefore were rendered quite sterile. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The five stamens of the cleistogamic flowers are provided, as in the last case, with small anthers, from all of which pollen-tubes proceed to the stigma. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The sepals of the cleistogamic flowers are elongated and closely pressed together; the petals are much reduced in size, colourless, and folded over the interior organs. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

I may here add that Fritz Muller, as I hear from his brother, has found in the highlands of Southern Brazil a white-flowered species of violet which bears subterranean cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

They produced an abundance of cleistogamic flowers during the whole of each summer, but never a perfect one. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

This species bore in my hothouse during two years a multitude of cleistogamic flowers, which resembled in all respects those of the last species; but no perfect ones were produced. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The same author states that he has seen in the case of V. alba flowers intermediate in structure between the perfect and cleistogamic ones. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The filaments of the ten stamens are united into a tube, and this is not the case, according to Von Mohl, with the cleistogamic flowers of other Leguminosae. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

It is interesting to observe the gradation in the abortion of the parts in the cleistogamic flowers of the several foregoing species. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The existence of cleistogamic flowers on this plant was discovered by Michalet. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

We may perhaps account for the cleistogamic flowers consisting of the three forms, through the principle of correlated growth, by which the cleistogamic flowers of the double violet have been rendered double. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Dr. Kuhn has collected all the notices with respect to cleistogamic flowers in this genus, and has described from dried specimens those produced by an Abyssinian species. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

My plants produced both perfect and cleistogamic flowers; but I did not examine the latter. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The perfect flowers generally appear before the cleistogamic, but sometimes simultaneously with them. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Therefore the capsules from the cleistogamic flowers contained fewer seeds than those from perfect flowers when cross-fertilised, and slightly more than those from perfect flowers self-fertilised. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

But its cleistogamic flowers apparently include four anthers instead of two as above described. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

These flowers may be ranked as cleistogamic, as they are developed, and not merely drawn, beneath the ground. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

In three of the genera, namely Vicia, Amphicarpaea, and Voandzeia, the cleistogamic flowers are produced on subterranean stems. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

During the year 1867 no perfect flowers were produced, but in the following year there were both perfect and cleistogamic ones. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Some of the species, for instance Ononis columnae, bear a fresh crop of cleistogamic flowers in the autumn. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Some of the buds are so large that they seem on the point of expansion; others are much smaller, but none so small as the true cleistogamic flowers of the foregoing species. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Several other Leguminous genera produce cleistogamic flowers, as may be seen in Table 8.38; but much does not appear to be known about them. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

These cleistogamic flowers produced an abundance of seed. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The first flower-stems which were thrown up by some plants in my greenhouse bore only cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

These flowers, therefore, were in an intermediate condition, and could not be called either perfect or cleistogamic. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The cleistogamic flowers on some of the Malpighiaceae seem to be more profoundly modified than those in any of the foregoing genera. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

All the species hitherto mentioned which produce cleistogamic flowers are entomophilous; but four genera, Juncus, Hordeum, Cryptostachys, and Leersia are anemophilous. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

According to Torrey and Gray, the North American species of Helianthemum, when growing in poor soil, produce only cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Juncus bufonius is remarkable by bearing in parts of Russia only cleistogamic flowers, which contain three instead of the six anthers found in the perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Seeds from the cleistogamic flowers were sent by me to Mr. Scott in Calcutta, who there cultivated the plants in various ways, but they never produced perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The same inference may be drawn from the occurrence, in some instances, on the same plant of a series of gradations between the cleistogamic and perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Delpino believes that cleistogamic flowers have been developed in order to ensure the production of seeds under climatic or other conditions which tend to prevent the fertilisation of the perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The cleistogamic flowers of Specularia perfoliata are highly remarkable, as they are closed by a tympanum formed by the rudimentary corolla, and without any trace of an opening. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

With Vandellia twenty crossed plants exceeded in height twenty plants raised from cleistogamic seeds only by a little, namely, in the ratio of 100 to 94. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

Thus some species of Viola do not bear cleistogamic flowers when growing on the lowlands or in certain districts. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

The result would be the production of cleistogamic flowers such as we now see them; and these are admirably fitted to yield a copious supply of seed at a wonderfully small cost to the plant. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species

单词	cleistogamic
例句	cleistogamic Amphicarpum is remarkable in having cleistogamic flowers borne on long radical subterranean peduncles which are fertile, whilst the conspicuous upper paniculate ones, though apparently perfect, never produce fruit. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z Thus, in our common dog-violet the perfect flowers rarely produce seed, while the rudimentary cleistogamic flowers do so in abundance. Darwinism (1889) The short, hooked part of the peduncle of a cleistogamic flower, bearing a pod nearly ripe, was observed in the dark during three days. The Power of Movement in Plants They have been called by Dr. Kuhn cleistogamic, and they will be described in the last chapter of this volume. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Cruger's case here referred to is doubtless the cleistogamic fertilisation of Epidendrum, etc. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Reference has already been made to cleistogamic species which occur in several genera. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z The sweet violet also produces abundance of seed from its cleistogamic flowers, and few from its perfect flowers; but in Liguria it produces only perfect flowers which seed abundantly. Darwinism (1889) Just as in some orchids and cleistogamic flowers self-pollination regularly occurs, so it may also occur in other cases. Darwin and Modern Science Several plants are known occasionally to produce flowers destitute of a corolla; but they belong to a different class of cases from cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The cleistogamic flowers of Viola are used in the discussion on Nageli's views. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Professor Oliver adds that he has seen flowers on Campanula colorata in an intermediate condition between cleistogamic and perfect ones. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Both the perfect and cleistogamic flowers produce seeds. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species As the Asclepiadous genus Stapelia is said to produce cleistogamic flowers, the following case may be worth giving. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The latter resemble in this respect cleistogamic flowers, but differ widely from them in being sterile and conspicuous. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species One chapter will be devoted to cleistogamic species, and I will just notice your new grass case. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 No trace of anthers or of stamens could be detected; and I knew from having examined many cleistogamic flowers what to look for. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species In the genus Hordeum it has been shown by Delpino that the majority of the flowers are cleistogamic, some of the others expanding and apparently allowing of cross-fertilisation. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species On the roadside some plants had been cut down, whilst the cleistogamic panicles were developing, and these plants afterwards produced free or unenclosed panicles of small size, bearing perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species I will begin with the heterostyled, then pass on to certain dioecious, sub-dioecious, and polygamous species, and end with the cleistogamic. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The pollen of the closed imperfect cleistogamic flowers differ in the transparency of the integument, and I think in size. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 It has long been known that this plant produces cleistogamic flowers, but these were first described with care by M. Duval-Jouve. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The cleistogamic flowers are very small, and usually mature their seeds within the sheaths of the leaves. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species There can therefore be little doubt that this plant generally propagates itself throughout an immense area by cleistogamic seeds, and that it can hardly ever be invigorated by cross- fertilisation. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Michalet asserts that V. palustris produces near Paris only perfect flowers, which are quite fertile; but that when the plant grows on mountains cleistogamic flowers are produced; and so it is with V. biflora. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Moreover Mr. Bennett has shown that the buds of the cleistogamic and perfect flowers of Impatiens differ at a very early period of growth. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species As cleistogamic flowers are completely closed they are necessarily self- fertilised, not to mention the absence of any attraction to insects; and they thus differ widely from the great majority of ordinary flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species We thus see that cleistogamic flowers produce seeds with a wonderfully small expenditure of pollen; and they produce as a general rule quite as many seeds as the perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species As cleistogamic flowers are invariably fertilised, and as they are produced in large numbers, they yield altogether a much larger supply of seeds than do the perfect flowers on the same plant. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species My plants grew in pots, and long after the perfect flowers had withered they produced not only cleistogamic but a few minute open flowers, which were in an intermediate condition between the two kinds. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species It is a natural inquiry how so many plants belonging to various very distinct families first came to have the development of their flowers arrested, so as ultimately to become cleistogamic. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Kuhn, Dr., on cleistogamic flowers. list of plants producing differently formed seeds. heterostyled plants. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Summary and concluding remarks on the origin of cleistogamic flowers.—The chief conclusions which may be drawn from the observations in this volume. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Viola, description of the cleistogamic flowers in the several species; their fertility compared with that of the perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Many of the early flowers on a mid-styled plant in my hothouse did not open properly, and were in an intermediate condition between cleistogamic and perfect. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Summary and concluding remarks on the origin of cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species These closed flowers have been appropriately named cleistogamic by Dr. Kuhn. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Their development seems to be largely governed by the conditions to which the plants are exposed, for during certain seasons or in certain localities only cleistogamic or only perfect flowers are produced. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species But it is by no means easy to decide in all cases whether certain flowers ought to be ranked as cleistogamic. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The styles are furrowed longitudinally, and are clothed with simple as well as glandular hairs, but only in the cleistogamic flowers produced by the long- styled and mid-styled forms. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species I will now give as complete a list of the genera containing cleistogamic species as I have been able to collect. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Plantago has been omitted because as far as I can discover it produces hermaphrodite and female flower-heads, but not cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species A large number, but not all the species, of certain genera, as of Oxalis and Viola, bear cleistogamic as well as ordinary flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The calyx of the cleistogamic flowers differs in no respect from that of the perfect ones. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species It is therefore probable that the pollen of the cleistogamic flowers has been modified in power, so as to act on their own stigmas, for they yield an abundance of seeds. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species In the cleistogamic flowers, the pollen-grains, as far as I could see, never naturally fall out of the anther-cells, but emit their tubes through a pore at the upper end. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The seeds produced by the cleistogamic and perfect flowers do not differ in appearance or number. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The doubleness of the perfect flowers had thus spread to the cleistogamic ones, which therefore were rendered quite sterile. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The five stamens of the cleistogamic flowers are provided, as in the last case, with small anthers, from all of which pollen-tubes proceed to the stigma. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The sepals of the cleistogamic flowers are elongated and closely pressed together; the petals are much reduced in size, colourless, and folded over the interior organs. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species I may here add that Fritz Muller, as I hear from his brother, has found in the highlands of Southern Brazil a white-flowered species of violet which bears subterranean cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species They produced an abundance of cleistogamic flowers during the whole of each summer, but never a perfect one. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species This species bore in my hothouse during two years a multitude of cleistogamic flowers, which resembled in all respects those of the last species; but no perfect ones were produced. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The same author states that he has seen in the case of V. alba flowers intermediate in structure between the perfect and cleistogamic ones. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The filaments of the ten stamens are united into a tube, and this is not the case, according to Von Mohl, with the cleistogamic flowers of other Leguminosae. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species It is interesting to observe the gradation in the abortion of the parts in the cleistogamic flowers of the several foregoing species. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The existence of cleistogamic flowers on this plant was discovered by Michalet. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species We may perhaps account for the cleistogamic flowers consisting of the three forms, through the principle of correlated growth, by which the cleistogamic flowers of the double violet have been rendered double. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Dr. Kuhn has collected all the notices with respect to cleistogamic flowers in this genus, and has described from dried specimens those produced by an Abyssinian species. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species My plants produced both perfect and cleistogamic flowers; but I did not examine the latter. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The perfect flowers generally appear before the cleistogamic, but sometimes simultaneously with them. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Therefore the capsules from the cleistogamic flowers contained fewer seeds than those from perfect flowers when cross-fertilised, and slightly more than those from perfect flowers self-fertilised. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species But its cleistogamic flowers apparently include four anthers instead of two as above described. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species These flowers may be ranked as cleistogamic, as they are developed, and not merely drawn, beneath the ground. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species In three of the genera, namely Vicia, Amphicarpaea, and Voandzeia, the cleistogamic flowers are produced on subterranean stems. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species During the year 1867 no perfect flowers were produced, but in the following year there were both perfect and cleistogamic ones. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Some of the species, for instance Ononis columnae, bear a fresh crop of cleistogamic flowers in the autumn. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Some of the buds are so large that they seem on the point of expansion; others are much smaller, but none so small as the true cleistogamic flowers of the foregoing species. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Several other Leguminous genera produce cleistogamic flowers, as may be seen in Table 8.38; but much does not appear to be known about them. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species These cleistogamic flowers produced an abundance of seed. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The first flower-stems which were thrown up by some plants in my greenhouse bore only cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species These flowers, therefore, were in an intermediate condition, and could not be called either perfect or cleistogamic. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The cleistogamic flowers on some of the Malpighiaceae seem to be more profoundly modified than those in any of the foregoing genera. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species All the species hitherto mentioned which produce cleistogamic flowers are entomophilous; but four genera, Juncus, Hordeum, Cryptostachys, and Leersia are anemophilous. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species According to Torrey and Gray, the North American species of Helianthemum, when growing in poor soil, produce only cleistogamic flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Juncus bufonius is remarkable by bearing in parts of Russia only cleistogamic flowers, which contain three instead of the six anthers found in the perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Seeds from the cleistogamic flowers were sent by me to Mr. Scott in Calcutta, who there cultivated the plants in various ways, but they never produced perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The same inference may be drawn from the occurrence, in some instances, on the same plant of a series of gradations between the cleistogamic and perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Delpino believes that cleistogamic flowers have been developed in order to ensure the production of seeds under climatic or other conditions which tend to prevent the fertilisation of the perfect flowers. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The cleistogamic flowers of Specularia perfoliata are highly remarkable, as they are closed by a tympanum formed by the rudimentary corolla, and without any trace of an opening. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species With Vandellia twenty crossed plants exceeded in height twenty plants raised from cleistogamic seeds only by a little, namely, in the ratio of 100 to 94. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Thus some species of Viola do not bear cleistogamic flowers when growing on the lowlands or in certain districts. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The result would be the production of cleistogamic flowers such as we now see them; and these are admirably fitted to yield a copious supply of seed at a wonderfully small cost to the plant. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species
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