| 单词 | carbon atom |
| 例句 | By seemingly slight changes the whole character of the substance is changed; for example, not only what is attached but the place of attachment to the carbon atom is highly important. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z The rate of decline is known precisely; every 5,730 years, half of the C14 atoms in nonliving substances become regular carbon atoms. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z Fermi used graphite to slow down the speed- ing neutrons—he knew that neutrons would bounce off the carbon atoms that make up graphite and lose speed. Bomb 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Ninety cuts and you come to a carbon atom, with six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus and six electrons in the exterior cloud. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z As mentioned above, they are built on a basis of carbon atoms, which are also the indispensable building blocks of the living world, and thus classed as “organic.” Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z When Maurice asked whether we needed the molds back in Cambridge, we said yes, half implying that more carbon atoms were needed to make models showing how polypeptide chains turned corners. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Different nanomaterials are composed of different atoms — some, like those I research, are made up of carbon atoms. The unique technologies than help to prevent widespread water scarcity 2023-03-13T04:00:00Z Two Russian-born scientists won the physics prize and the chemistry award went to two Japanese and one American researcher who designed techniques to bind together carbon atoms. Mario Vargas Llosa wins Nobel literature prize 2010-10-07T12:44:00Z We used a chemical called ninhydrin to chop off and isolate the carbon atom we wanted from each amino acid. Ever wonder how your body turns food into fuel? We tracked atoms to find out 2023-09-05T04:00:00Z In 2018, working with colleagues in Japan, we were able to demonstrate that we could indeed use nihydrin to isolate the carbon atoms we wanted from amino acids. Ever wonder how your body turns food into fuel? We tracked atoms to find out 2023-09-05T04:00:00Z A fat is monounsaturated if it contains just one double bond among its carbon atoms. Coconut oil: are the health benefits a big fat lie? 2017-07-09T04:00:00Z However, in a saturated fat such as lard, all the carbon atoms are held together with single bonds. Coconut oil: are the health benefits a big fat lie? 2017-07-09T04:00:00Z In an unsaturated fat molecule, one or more carbon atoms are linked by double bonds. Coconut oil: are the health benefits a big fat lie? 2017-07-09T04:00:00Z Two Russian-born scientists won the physics prize and the chemistry award went to two Japanese and American researcher who designed techniques to bind together carbon atoms. Mario Vargas Llosa Wins Nobel Literature Prize 2010-10-07T11:48:00Z Our new method goes even further, by measuring isotopes in a particular carbon atom on each amino acid. Ever wonder how your body turns food into fuel? We tracked atoms to find out 2023-09-05T04:00:00Z We can distinguish between molecules that are different by a single carbon atom. Can Scent Be Democratized? 2022-03-18T04:00:00Z In new research published in Science Advances, we analyzed specific carbon atoms in amino acids — the building blocks of proteins — to discover distinctive fingerprints of the metabolism of different species. Ever wonder how your body turns food into fuel? We tracked atoms to find out 2023-09-05T04:00:00Z We then sent these carbon atoms — from a very metabolically active part of the amino acid called the carboxyl group — through a machine called a mass spectrometer to read their isotope fingerprints. Ever wonder how your body turns food into fuel? We tracked atoms to find out 2023-09-05T04:00:00Z In this case, they wanted to find a way to swap a carbon atom for a nitrogen atom -- a specific swap that comes up extremely frequently in pharmaceutical chemistry. Chemists make breakthrough in drug discovery chemistry 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z SCFAs are a group of fatty acids with six or fewer carbon atoms, found in high concentrations in the intestine. Intestinal bacteria metabolite promotes capture of antigens by dendritic cells 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z After growth, electron irradiation detaches individual carbon atoms from the diamond's perfect crystal lattice. A miniature magnetic resonance imager made of diamond 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z These materials have highly disordered atomic structures, composed of carbon atoms bonded with multiple metal elements from the fourth, fifth and sixth columns of the periodic table. Electron-rich metals make ceramics tough to crack 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z Under a microscope, the material resembles a chicken-wire of carbon atoms linked in a hexagonal lattice. From a five-layer graphene sandwich, a rare electronic state emerges 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z It can simply remove one carbon atom -- the right one -- and replace it with a nitrogen atom. Chemists make breakthrough in drug discovery chemistry 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z But aquatic plants can acquire carbon from dissolved carbon atoms in the water rather than ambient air, which can potentially cause the measured ages to be too old. Oldest fossil human footprints in North America confirmed 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z The fact that aquatic plants can acquire carbon from dissolved carbon atoms in the water, potentially throwing off a dating estimate, caused controversy over the 2021 conclusions. New tests confirm antiquity of ancient human footprints in New Mexico 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z "Overall, in this form of carbon sequestration, one out of every sixteen photosynthetically fixed carbon atoms might be sequestered into carbonates," the authors write. We could sequester CO2 by 're-greening' arid lands, plant scientists say 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms and while it may be the thinnest known material, it is also incredibly strong. Making contact: Researchers wire up individual graphene nanoribbons 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z Swap out one carbon atom for a nitrogen atom, and the way the drug molecule interacts with its target can dramatically change. Chemists make breakthrough in drug discovery chemistry 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z Chemically, the steroid classification refers to a molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms. Why Are Steroids Illegal? 2018-09-19T04:00:00Z If the crystals had been closer to the surface, their carbon atoms would have been compressed into a different structure, transforming them from shimmering diamonds to lumps of dark gray graphite. Pink Diamonds Erupted to Earth’s Surface after Early Supercontinent’s Breakup 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z In our system, we make cold atoms hop around a lattice of bright and dim light just as electrons hop around the carbon atoms in graphene. Physicists Make Matter out of Light to Find Quantum Singularities 2023-06-18T04:00:00Z But unlike sugar molecules, which have either five or six carbon atoms, acetate molecules only have two. Crops grown without sunlight could help feed astronauts bound for Mars 2023-06-07T04:00:00Z The carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs four more to fill it. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This results in two molecules that each carry three carbon atoms plus two molecules of ATP, which cells use as fuel in all sorts of processes, including muscle contraction. Evolution Turns These Knobs to Make a Hummingbird Hyperquick and a Cavefish Sluggishly Slow 2023-02-24T05:00:00Z Formally called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, the chemicals are created by fusing fluorine and carbon atoms to create a compound that doesn’t exist naturally. How Widespread Are These Toxic Chemicals? They’re Everywhere. 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z While diamonds might last forever, biochar isn’t far behind and can keep the carbon atoms inert — unable to form C02 — for centuries if not thousands of years. Colorado ponders carbon storage in defunct oil and gas wells 2023-02-16T05:00:00Z And with each full turn of the Krebs cycle, plants release two molecules of CO2, leaving no carbon atoms for the plant to build leaves, roots, or stems. Crops grown without sunlight could help feed astronauts bound for Mars 2023-06-07T04:00:00Z This means that carbon atoms, bonded to other carbon atoms or other elements, form the fundamental components of many, if not most, of the molecules found uniquely in living things. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The graphene material he refers to is a thin layer of carbon atoms that can conduct electricity, first discovered by researchers at Manchester University. Farewell radiators? Testing out electric infrared wallpaper 2023-02-04T05:00:00Z A green appearance for comets is not uncommon and is usually the result of breakdown of a reactive molecule called dicarbon - two carbon atoms joined together by a double bond. Newly discovered green comet comes close to Earth 2023-01-31T05:00:00Z And there are hints too of chemical species with multiple carbon atoms, such as acetone, ethanol, and acetaldehyde. Webb telescope hunts life's icy chemical origins 2023-01-24T05:00:00Z Yet a rare form of diamond known as lonsdaleite—a crystal with carbon atoms arranged in flexing three-dimensional hexagons—may be even harder than its cubic cousin. Extra Hard Space Diamonds May Have Formed in an Ancient Cosmic Collision 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z Any of the hydrogen atoms can be replaced with another carbon atom covalently bonded to the first carbon atom. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Each silicon atom is able to bind four lithium ions, compared with only one for every six carbon atoms in graphite. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z Still, it all comes down to how you interpret the pattern of carbon atoms contained in shells buried in ancient mud. Report of an ancient methane release raises questions for our climate future 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z The carbon atoms rearrange their crystalline structure into the more tightly packed pattern of diamonds. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Graphite is made up of flat layers of carbon atoms bonded together as hexagons. Extra Hard Space Diamonds May Have Formed in an Ancient Cosmic Collision 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z In monosaccharides, the number of carbon atoms usually ranges from three to six. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z As another example, the thiocyanate ion, an ion formed from a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom, could have three different molecular structures: NCS–, CNS–, or CSN–. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In contrast to unsaturated fats, triglycerides without double bonds between carbon atoms are called saturated fats, meaning that they contain all the hydrogen atoms available. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Focus your imagination on the nucleus of one of your carbon atoms. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z On Earth, high heat and pressure can rearrange these carbon atoms into a 3-D lattice of cubes, thereby creating the traditional kind of diamond. Extra Hard Space Diamonds May Have Formed in an Ancient Cosmic Collision 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z Cellulose is made up of glucose monomers that are linked by bonds between particular carbon atoms in the glucose molecule. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A molecule of methane, CH4, consists of a carbon atom surrounded by four hydrogen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The energy harnessed from the sun is used by these organisms to form the covalent bonds that link carbon atoms together. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z If only the electrical force were acting, the protons in this and every carbon atom would find each other very repulsive and fly apart. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Materials scientists are developing a material made up of a single layer of carbon atoms that is stronger than any other material, completely flexible, and conducts electricity better than most metals. Intermediate Algebra 2020-05-06T00:00:00Z The loss of carbon dioxide reduces the molecule by one carbon atom, making acetaldehyde. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The four valence electrons of the carbon atom are distributed equally in the hybrid orbitals, and each carbon electron pairs with a hydrogen electron when the C–H bonds form. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Individual carbon atoms have an incomplete outermost electron shell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Where did the carbon atoms in the trunk of a tree on your college campus come from originally? Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The fluorine atoms lose their link to the carbon atoms, becoming harmless. Forever Chemicals No More? PFAS Are Destroyed With New Technique 2022-08-18T04:00:00Z Every amino acid also has another variable atom or group of atoms bonded to the central carbon atom known as the R group. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The carbon atom is surrounded by three regions of electron density, positioned in a trigonal planar arrangement. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Each of its four hydrogen atoms forms a single covalent bond with the carbon atom by sharing a pair of electrons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Researchers are investigating radiation therapy that relies on electrically charged carbon atoms, which contain six protons and six neutrons, making them much more massive than individual protons. Physics Particles Fly as Practical Tools 2022-07-29T04:00:00Z This concrete was special because it contained a tiny but transformative amount of graphene, microscopic flakes of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. How graphene's superpowers could soon be unleashed 2022-07-28T04:00:00Z The four covalent bonding positions of the carbon atom can give rise to a wide diversity of compounds with many functions, accounting for the importance of carbon in living things. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z What is the hybridization of the two carbon atoms in acetic acid? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Fats with at least one double bond between carbon atoms are unsaturated fats. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z If the carbon atoms in a fatty acid are all joined by single bonds, the fatty acid is said to be saturated. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Buckyball is the popular name given to geodesic shapes formed by carbon atoms when chilled to near absolute zero. This week’s passages 2022-07-15T04:00:00Z Two carbon atoms come into the citric acid cycle from each acetyl group. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The basis for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes is the generation of carbon atoms in a vacuum. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z By convention, the carbon atoms in a monosaccharide are numbered from the terminal carbon closest to the carbonyl group. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z One carbon atom splits off from the pyruvic acid and forms carbon dioxide. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The energy harnessed from the Sun is used by these organisms to form the covalent bonds that link carbon atoms together. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z In summary, it takes six turns of the Calvin cycle to fix six carbon atoms from CO2. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Alcohols are covalent molecules; the –OH group in an alcohol molecule is attached to a carbon atom by a covalent bond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z When a fatty acid has no double bonds, it is known as a saturated fatty acid because no more hydrogen may be added to the carbon atoms of the chain. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The other two carbon atoms form acetic acid and combine with a compound called coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z This means that carbon atoms, bonded to other carbon atoms or other elements, form the fundamental components of many of the molecules found uniquely in living things. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z The carbon atoms used to build carbohydrate molecules comes from carbon dioxide, the gas that animals exhale with each breath. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z All of these compounds contain oxidized carbon atoms relative to the carbon atom of an alcohol group. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For example, when a glucose molecule is broken down, bonds between the carbon atoms of the molecule are broken. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As the Krebs cycle unfolds, this acetyl CoA transfers the two carbon atoms to a four-carbon molecule that is already present in the cycle. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z It is the bonding properties of carbon atoms that are responsible for its important role. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Two carbon dioxide molecules are released on each turn of the cycle; however, these do not contain the same carbon atoms contributed by the acetyl group on that turn of the pathway. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Explain why it is not possible to prepare a ketone that contains only two carbon atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This carbon backbone is formed by chains and/or rings of carbon atoms with the occasional substitution of an element such as nitrogen or oxygen. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The name “C4” comes from the fact that the first compound formed in this pathway contains four carbon atoms instead of three. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Rice chemistry professor Robert F. Curl Jr. and others noticed surprise readings on the spectrometer: evidence of 60 carbon atoms bonding together, possibly in a hollow cluster shaped something like a soccer ball. Robert Curl, Nobel-winning chemist in ‘buckyball’ discovery, dies at 88 2022-07-06T04:00:00Z The two acetyl-carbon atoms will eventually be released on later turns of the cycle; in this way, all six carbon atoms from the original glucose molecule will be eventually released as carbon dioxide. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The molecular formula of chloroform indicates that a single molecule contains one carbon atom, one hydrogen atom, and three chlorine atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z There are no double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the mineral diamond, the carbon atoms are linked together in a three-dimensional framework, where one carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms and every bond is a very strong covalent bond. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They can contain carbon atoms, but not in long strands or links. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Organic compounds typically consist of groups of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen, usually oxygen, and often other elements as well. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The compound’s formula shows that each molecule contains seven carbon atoms, and so the number of C atoms in the provided sample is: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The two acetyl carbon atoms will eventually be released on later turns of the cycle; thus, all six carbon atoms from the original glucose molecule are eventually incorporated into carbon dioxide. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But Bornscheuer has pointed out to the team that, in the order in which the researchers had placed those enzymes, they could not break the notoriously strong bonds between carbon atoms in the plastic. ‘Superworms’ Eat—and Survive on—Polystyrene 2022-06-09T04:00:00Z The carbon atom needs 4 electrons and each hydrogen needs 1. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Recall that carbon atoms have four electrons in their valence shell, and that the octet rule dictates that atoms tend to react in such a way as to complete their valence shell with eight electrons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z We can use either of these forms to determine that each of the carbon atoms is bonded to three other atoms with no lone pairs, so the correct hybridization is sp2. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Because the G3P exported from the chloroplast has three carbon atoms, it takes three “turns” of the Calvin cycle to fix enough net carbon to export one G3P. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In an NV, a nitrogen atom replaces a carbon atom in the crystal lattice and creates an adjacent, empty site that collects a pair of electrons that can serve as qubit. To crack the mystery of dark matter, physicists turn to supersensitive quantum sensors 2022-04-27T04:00:00Z Graphite showing layers of carbon atoms separated by a gap with weak bonds holding the layers together. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Commonly, carbon atoms share with other carbon atoms, often forming a long carbon chain referred to as a carbon skeleton. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These very different properties stem from the different arrangements of the carbon atoms in the different allotropes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Unsaturated fats and trans fats have some double bonded carbon atoms, while saturated fats do not. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Essentially a lattice of pure carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb-like grid, graphene is both the thinnest and strongest material ever created. Listen to what a single bacterium sounds like 2022-04-19T04:00:00Z Graphite has its carbon atoms arranged into layers with relatively strong bonds within the layer and very weak bonds between the layers. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Moreover, the atoms to which carbon atoms bond may also be part of a functional group. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These properties relate to its structure, which consists of layers of carbon atoms, with each atom surrounded by three other carbon atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The carbohydrate molecules made will have a backbone of carbon atoms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Instead of just considering how a water molecule rubs against a carbon atom, the team developed equations that describe the subatomic interactions of electrons within water molecules and carbon atoms alike. Quantum Friction Explains Water’s Freaky Flow 2022-02-22T05:00:00Z For example, 98.9% of carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z In contrast, only a handful of inorganic compounds contain carbon atoms. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As in graphite, the carbon atoms form a layer of six-membered rings with sp2-hybridized carbon atoms at the corners. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Therefore, carbon atoms can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms to satisfy the octet rule. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To produce dicarbon, they started with molecules consisting of two carbon atoms and four chlorine atoms and used a laser to strip off the chlorines, leaving only dicarbon. Why a Comet’s Head Is Green, but Its Tail Is Not 2022-01-07T05:00:00Z They consist of strands and rings of carbon atoms, usually connected by covalent bonds. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Organic compounds based on complex arrangements of carbon atoms are the basis of all life that we know. Robert H. Grubbs, Caltech Nobel Prize winner who revolutionized green chemistry, dies 2021-12-29T05:00:00Z We can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the bonding between carbon atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Methane, an excellent fuel, is the simplest hydrocarbon molecule, with a central carbon atom bonded to four different hydrogen atoms, as illustrated in Figure 2.23. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z "It's about the formation of the first carbon atom ever. It's absolutely amazing to me that we could actually observe that process in progress." James Webb: A $10bn machine in search of the end of darkness 2021-12-14T05:00:00Z In contrast, the amino acid tryptophan earns an MA of 12 thanks to its elaborate structure of 11 carbon atoms, twelve of hydrogen, and a pair apiece of nitrogen and oxygen. Life Is Complicated—Literally, Astrobiologists Say 2021-11-23T05:00:00Z He tested whether proline could catalyze an aldol reaction, in which carbon atoms from two different molecules bond together. Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Scientists for Tool That Builds Better Catalysts 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z In this type of structure, carbon atoms are not symbolized with a C, but represented by each end of a line or bend in a line. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z When two carbon atoms form a double bond, the shape is planar, or flat. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When an ion passed through a single layer of carbon atoms, known as graphene, its journey was analogous to a collision with just the surface of some three-dimensional solid. Hidden Particle Interactions Exposed by Peeling Layers of Graphene 2021-09-02T04:00:00Z The compounds’ basic structure—a string of carbon atoms swathed in fluorine—resists degradation, earning them the nickname “forever chemicals.” Maine’s ban on ‘forever chemicals’ marks a big win for some scientists 2021-08-27T04:00:00Z He tested the organic molecule’s ability to drive a Diels-Alder reaction, which can build rings of carbon atoms. Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Scientists for Tool That Builds Better Catalysts 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z Since we know that carbon atoms tend to make four bonds, each carbon atom will have the number of hydrogen atoms that are required for four bonds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Another type of hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, consists of closed rings of carbon atoms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In their experiment, an ion captured dozens of electrons from the graphene’s carbon atoms. Hidden Particle Interactions Exposed by Peeling Layers of Graphene 2021-09-02T04:00:00Z The kind of methane that comes from fossil fuel sources disproportionately includes carbon atoms with an extra neutron in their nuclei — a variety, or “isotope,” known as carbon-13. Many measures of Earth’s health are at worst levels on record, NOAA finds 2021-08-26T04:00:00Z In the new study, researchers isolated specific amino acids—the building blocks of proteins—from the collagen, and determined the ratios of varieties, or isotopes, of nitrogen and carbon atoms. Ancient Roman vacationers consumed gobs of olive oil and fish, volcano victims reveal 2021-08-25T04:00:00Z The number of carbon atoms present in an alkane has no limit. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The hydrophobic chains of carbon atoms extend into the space between these two surfaces. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Built to last, plastic encompasses dozens of different molecules, made of long chains of carbon atoms. Could plastic-eating microbes take a bite out of the recycling problem? 2021-07-01T04:00:00Z Working independently, they developed new techniques to link carbon atoms, which serve as the backbone of organic molecules common to all living organisms. Ei-ichi Negishi, Nobel-winning chemist who made ‘art in a test tube,’ dies at 85 2021-06-14T04:00:00Z Each molecule contains dozens of carbon atoms, and the substance is difficult for microbes to break down. Joanne Chory is using plants to save the planet They are identical because each contains an unbranched chain of four carbon atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Note that during the second stage of glucose metabolism, whenever a carbon atom is removed, it is bound to two oxygen atoms, producing carbon dioxide, one of the major end products of cellular respiration. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They work best on plastic made from carbon atoms joined by an oxygen atom. Could plastic-eating microbes take a bite out of the recycling problem? 2021-07-01T04:00:00Z For the next few years, every time someone takes a breath of air, they’ll be breathing in a few carbon atoms from the wax and a few oxygen atoms from the air in your room. Where Does a Candle Go When It Burns? 2021-04-26T04:00:00Z It is a hydrocarbon, or nonrenewable organic compound consisting solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Researchers unveil new method for converting carbon dioxide into jet fuel 2020-12-31T05:00:00Z The position of a substituent or branch is identified by the number of the carbon atom it is bonded to in the chain. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Two carbon dioxide molecules are released on each turn of the cycle; however, these do not necessarily contain the most recently added carbon atoms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z By contrast, plastics with bonds linking carbon atoms directly are tougher. Could plastic-eating microbes take a bite out of the recycling problem? 2021-07-01T04:00:00Z Molecules in the fuel break apart, creating heat; the resulting carbon atoms combine with oxygen in the air, producing carbon dioxide. Covid-19 sparked a run on outdoor heaters and fire pits. Which is better for the planet? 2020-12-11T05:00:00Z However, they go through different refining processes, which results in jet fuel being heavier, with a lower freezing point and more carbon atoms. Researchers unveil new method for converting carbon dioxide into jet fuel 2020-12-31T05:00:00Z We number the carbon atoms in the chain by counting from the end of the chain nearest the substituents. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the crystal shown, the particles mimic the arrangement of carbon atoms in diamond. Elusive photonic crystals come a step closer 2020-09-22T04:00:00Z The deuteron mass, md, is then found in atomic mass units, where one atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of the carbon atom. Precise measurement of deuteron mass raises hopes of solving the nuclear-mass puzzle 2020-09-01T04:00:00Z While ethyl and isopropyl alcohol have two carbon atoms, methanol has just one. Keep your hands clean, but avoid these dangerous hand sanitizers, FDA warns 2020-08-04T04:00:00Z To create the superposition, they would beam microwaves at a single electron bound to a manufactured flaw in the diamond’s crystal lattice of carbon atoms. Tiny Gravitational-Wave Detector Could Search Anywhere in the Sky 2020-06-30T04:00:00Z Because the carbon atom numbering begins at the end closest to a substituent, the longest chain of carbon atoms is numbered in such a way as to produce the lowest number for the substituents. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Burning one ton of coal, for example, produces roughly two tons of carbon dioxide, by combining carbon atoms with oxygen in the air. How to Set a Price on Carbon Pollution 2020-06-09T04:00:00Z The secret is in the number of carbon atoms in the dye and how they are connected to one another. A blue dye from red beets may be a nontoxic alternative to colorants with toxic metals. 2020-04-17T04:00:00Z In other words, these carbon atoms may get absorbed in creating other members of the periodic table. Carbon Conundrum: Experiment Aims to Re-create Synthesis of Key Element 2020-03-19T04:00:00Z Most drug molecules contain a skeleton of carbon atoms shaped as a rod or a ring, with multiple hydrogen atoms hanging off each carbon. Newly discovered ‘magic methyl’ reaction could turbocharge the potency of some drugs 2020-03-16T04:00:00Z Each of the six hydrogen atoms is bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to two other hydrogen atoms and a carbon atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The material graphene consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Electrons in graphene go with the flow 2019-12-03T05:00:00Z Separating light from 2I/Borisov into its component parts, his team found a signature of cyanogen, a molecule made of a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom bonded together. An alien comet from another star is soaring through our solar system 2019-11-28T05:00:00Z He recalls that in the mid-1980s, when scientists first created “buckyball” spheres made of 60 carbon atoms, “there was the same degree of skepticism, despite all the evidence.” The next graphene? Shiny and magnetic, a new form of pure carbon dazzles with potential 2019-11-12T05:00:00Z From your first baby clothes to your silk-lined coffin, carbon atoms surround you. Why Carbon? 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z They differ from the six hydrogen atoms of the first type in that they are bonded to a carbon atom bonded to two other carbon atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The carbon atoms in fullerene are arranged in the shape of a football, a molecular structure that is remarkably stable but also difficult to construct. A fresh mechanism for how buckyballs form in space 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z One of the best-studied epigenetic changes is the addition to a DNA base of a methyl chemical group — made up of one carbon atom and three hydrogens — which often quells the activity of a gene. First portrait of mysterious Denisovans drawn from DNA 2019-09-18T04:00:00Z Based on both theoretical models and the analytical data, they believe it consists of corrugated layers of linked carbon atoms stacked like washboards, with additional bonds between the layers. The next graphene? Shiny and magnetic, a new form of pure carbon dazzles with potential 2019-11-12T05:00:00Z When you breathe, you exhale carbon; when you kiss, carbon atoms embrace. Why Carbon? 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z These are complex organic molecules with long chains of carbon atoms, which contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Carbon nanotubes are rolled up sheets of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagon pattern. Biggest carbon-nanotube chip yet says ‘Hello, World!’ 2019-08-27T04:00:00Z Chemists create a ring made only of carbon atoms, and inoculating newborns with their mothers’ microbes. Podcast: Tackling online hate speech, and identifying early fossils 2019-08-20T04:00:00Z Puru Jena, a collaborator at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, says models of molecular dynamics predict that the carbon atoms form corrugated layers tiled with six- or 12-atom rings and linked together by covalent bonds. The next graphene? Shiny and magnetic, a new form of pure carbon dazzles with potential 2019-11-12T05:00:00Z In “Type I” diamonds, nitrogen typically replaces about one in every 1,000 carbon atoms. Why Carbon? 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z Double and triple bonds give rise to a different geometry around the carbon atom that participates in them, leading to important differences in molecular shape and properties. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Carbon-14 exists in only very low levels in the tissue of recently deceased animals and plants: about one in a trillion of their carbon atoms are carbon-14. ‘Perhaps the most important isotope’: how carbon-14 revolutionised science 2019-08-10T04:00:00Z In some places, the atoms in the boron nitride layers line up precisely with the carbon atoms in the graphene layers, but a few nanometers away they are offset. Trilayer graphene shows signs of superconductivity 2019-07-17T04:00:00Z Today, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern, called graphene, is showing promise for building ultrafast electronics. The "Woodstock of Physics" Is Finally Living Up to Its Promise 2019-07-12T04:00:00Z At sufficient pressure and temperature, diamonds nucleate and grow, with mobile carbon atoms passing easily through the metal melt, adding layer upon layer to potentially giant crystals. Why Carbon? 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z Each carbon atom in ethene, commonly called ethylene, has a trigonal planar structure. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z He chose to pursue membranes made from thin plastic sheets shot through with myriad carbon nanotubes—tiny hollow tubes made entirely from carbon atoms. This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline 2019-07-03T04:00:00Z The defect arises when a nitrogen atom replaces a carbon atom in the gem’s crystalline structure, leaving a vacancy in the crystal lattice adjacent to the nitrogen atom. The Quantum Internet Is Emerging, One Experiment at a Time 2019-06-19T04:00:00Z The battery starts with lithium bound up in solid lithium-bromine and lithium-chloride salt particles surrounding a graphite electrode made up of layers of carbon atoms. New generation of lithium-ion batteries could hold more charge—without catching fire 2019-05-08T04:00:00Z In this case, the nanowires rearranged chemical bonds between carbon atoms, which is also what’s needed to convert methanol to ethanol. Ultraviolet light could provide a powerful new source of green fuel 2019-02-19T05:00:00Z Four carbon atoms in the chain of butene allows for the formation of isomers based on the position of the double bond, as well as a new form of isomerism. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Reactions known as cycloadditions construct molecules in a way that precisely controls the geometric arrangement of groups attached to carbon atoms. 2018: Choice cuts from this year’s News & Views articles 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z Each replaces one carbon atom and ejects another from the structure, creating a neighboring vacancy. The Second Quantum Revolution 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z Graphite is composed of layers of carbon atoms just a single atom in thickness, known as graphene sheets, to which it owes many of its remarkable properties. The war on fake graphene 2018-10-07T04:00:00Z Ms. Lagana was right — the graph indicated nothing other than simple bonds between carbon and carbon atoms, and carbon and hydrogen atoms. These Cultural Treasures Are Made of Plastic. Now They’re Falling Apart. 2018-08-28T04:00:00Z We can prepare a carbonyl group by oxidation of an alcohol—for organic molecules, oxidation of a carbon atom is said to occur when a carbon-hydrogen bond is replaced by a carbon- oxygen bond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The discovery of a single layer of carbon atoms, known as graphene, led to great interest in 2D materials. 2018: Choice cuts from this year’s News & Views articles 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z Even large molecules such as buckminsterfullerene — made of 60 carbon atoms — will behave in this way. Two slits and one hell of a quantum conundrum 2018-08-06T04:00:00Z Diamonds, you may recall, are crystals of carbon atoms. The Hope Diamond was spawned in the most hellish depths of Earth, study suggests 2018-08-01T04:00:00Z They found that there are about 100 greasy carbon atoms for every million hydrogen atoms, accounting for between a quarter and a half of the available carbon in the Milky Way. Space is full of dirty, toxic grease, scientists reveal 2018-06-27T04:00:00Z In general, a carbon atom attached to an oxygen atom will have a more positive oxidation number and a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom will have a more negative oxidation number. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Previously, Cassini detected lighter, gassy molecules such as methane and ethane, which contain one or two carbon atoms and a smattering of hydrogens; these molecules weigh in at around 15 atomic mass units. Right Stuff for Life Found on Small Saturn Moon 2018-06-27T04:00:00Z On Earth, biology has a preference to incorporate the lighter form of carbon atom when making the molecule. Curiosity sees Mars methane swing 2018-06-07T04:00:00Z In such labs, technicians can dissolve away nonorganic molecules and take a full index of the remaining organic ones, including, say, fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms—a hallmark of life. NASA rover hits organic pay dirt on Mars 2018-06-07T04:00:00Z By doing so in a carefully controlled way, researchers rearranged carbon atoms in natural materials into graphene. The Quirkier Uses of Graphene 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z An alcohol with its –OH group attached to two other carbon atoms will form a ketone. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But the newly detected molecules are as heavy as 200 atomic mass units and comprise anywhere between seven and 15 carbon atoms, handfuls of hydrogens, as well as nitrogen and oxygen. Right Stuff for Life Found on Small Saturn Moon 2018-06-27T04:00:00Z Using the modeling software, Cranford began to construct molecular tesseracts, linking carbon atom to carbon atom. A scientist calculated the ludicrous strength of Marvel villain Thanos 2018-05-18T04:00:00Z CFCs are molecules made up of carbon atoms linked to chlorine and fluorine atoms, halogen elements that render the molecule volatile but particularly nonreactive, Ferry told Live Science. Earth's Ozone Layer is Under Attack--Again 2018-05-22T04:00:00Z Rice University chemist James Tour, the study's senior author, says the laser's intense light and heat rearrange carbon atoms and form bonds among them. The Quirkier Uses of Graphene 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z We prepare carboxylic acids by the oxidation of aldehydes or alcohols whose –OH functional group is located on the carbon atom at the end of the chain of carbon atoms in the alcohol: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Methane consists of a single carbon atom surrounded by four hydrogen ones, giving the gas its chemical assignation of CH4. Scientists struggle to explain a worrying rise in atmospheric methane 2018-04-26T04:00:00Z In soft graphite, the carbon atoms are strung looser and farther apart, like sheets of chicken wire. A scientist calculated the ludicrous strength of Marvel villain Thanos 2018-05-18T04:00:00Z The discovery of a single layer of carbon atoms, known as graphene1, led to great interest in 2D materials. Mirrors made of a single atomic layer 2018-04-08T04:00:00Z Most carbon atoms have 12 neutrons in their nuclei, but about 1% sport a thirteenth. Dogs and cats may have been involved in Maya rituals 2018-03-21T04:00:00Z In some amines, the nitrogen atom replaces a carbon atom in an aromatic hydrocarbon. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The molecule comprises just one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, with the carbon flush against the tip and the oxygen positioned below like an atomic-scale stylus. How atomic imaging is being pushed to its limit 2018-03-19T04:00:00Z One such form, fullerene, is a spherical cage of carbon atoms. A scientist calculated the ludicrous strength of Marvel villain Thanos 2018-05-18T04:00:00Z This compound was designed to include long but strong ties between carbon atoms. Fundamental carbon bonds stretched to record-setting lengths 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z This representation allows the company to account for the 3D structure of proteins and small molecules with atomic precision, modelling features such as the geometries of carbon atoms. Deep learning for biology 2018-02-19T05:00:00Z In these diagrams, as is common in representing structures of large organic compounds, carbon atoms in the rings and the hydrogen atoms bonded to them have been omitted for clarity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Graphene consists of a single sheet of carbon atoms that are arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Black Panther's Secret Weapon Explained 2018-02-16T05:00:00Z These include graphene, a flat sheet of carbon arranged like a honeycomb's hexagonal chambers, and carbyne, a one-dimensional daisy chain of carbon atoms. A scientist calculated the ludicrous strength of Marvel villain Thanos 2018-05-18T04:00:00Z Single bonds between carbon atoms are the fundamental connection in genes, drugs and proteins. Fundamental carbon bonds stretched to record-setting lengths 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z It’s repeating hexagons of these ball-like carbon atoms that extend on in atomic scales for great distances. Behind the hype: experts explain the science behind graphene, the new supermaterial 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z Amides are molecules that contain nitrogen atoms connected to the carbon atom of a carbonyl group. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Behind a diamond’s untameability is its three-dimensional structure, a repeating crystalline lattice of carbon atoms, each one strongly bonded to four neighbors atop, below and to either side. Precious Gems Bear Messages From Earth’s Molten Heart 2017-12-11T05:00:00Z The discovery of graphene1, a material that consists of a single layer of carbon atoms, triggered intense research effort and garnered the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. Two-dimensional tellurium If not carefully controlled, it will run away with itself, turning carbon atoms into useless soot. How fracking Is upending the chemical industry 2017-10-03T04:00:00Z And the way that the carbon atoms bond together to one another makes them extremely strong and makes it extremely conductive for electricity. Behind the hype: experts explain the science behind graphene, the new supermaterial 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z The resulting bond—between the carbonyl group carbon atom and the amine nitrogen atom is called a peptide link or peptide bond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The paddlelike rotor, a series of three rings of carbon atoms, begins rotating 2 million to 3 million times per second when hit by ultraviolet light. Nanomachines drill holes into cancer cells 2017-08-30T04:00:00Z I don’t think there’s any secret sauce that absolutely requires carbon atoms or blood. A physicist on why AI safety is ‘the most important conversation of our time’ 2017-08-29T04:00:00Z Yet Dr. Jones’s greatest triumph may have come in 1966, when he proposed the idea of a hollow molecule, “a flat sheet of carbon atoms bonded hexagonally rather like chicken wire.” David Jones, British chemist and ‘court jester in the palace of science,’ dies at 79 2017-07-31T04:00:00Z Meany: Graphene is a sheet of carbon atoms that all lie in a single plane next to one another. Behind the hype: experts explain the science behind graphene, the new supermaterial 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z How does hybridization of the substituted carbon atom change when an alcohol is converted into an aldehyde? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In 1966, for example, he suggested that scientists could stimulate the latticelike bonds of carbon atoms in graphite to form hollow balls. David E.H. Jones, Scientist Whose Alter Ego Challenged Conventions, Dies at 79 2017-07-30T04:00:00Z Radiocarbon dating uses the ratio of stable carbon atoms to a radioactive isotope called carbon-14 in the material to determine the age of a once-living specimen. World's largest hoard of carbon dates goes global 2017-07-10T04:00:00Z The structure of methane is beautifully simple—one carbon atom to which four hydrogen atoms have become attached. Silent Spring—I 2017-01-03T05:00:00Z One is to use new materials, such as tubes composed of rolled-up sheets of carbon atoms, the physical properties of which permit components to be smaller. A new way to extend Moore’s law 2017-06-08T04:00:00Z Draw the Lewis structure and determine the oxidation number and hybridization for each carbon atom in the molecule. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Both of those bat wings are made up of two carbon atoms and capped with a chlorine. Wonder Woman's chemical weapon makes no scientific sense, but it evokes real and horrifying history 2017-06-06T04:00:00Z That mystery enzyme, or enzymes, is breaking the long chain of carbon atoms at the center of the plastic into smaller containing molecules, Howe said. A very hungry caterpillar may help slow plastic pollution, researchers say 2017-04-29T04:00:00Z All have one thing in common: they are built on a basis of carbon atoms, which are also the indispensable building blocks of life, and thus both groups are classed as “organic.” Silent Spring—I 2017-01-03T05:00:00Z That mystery enzyme or enzymes is breaking the long chain of carbon atoms at the center of the plastic into smaller containing molecules, Mr. Howe said. A Very Hungry Caterpillar Eats Plastic Bags, Researchers Say 2017-04-27T04:00:00Z Methyl formate molecules have one of the oxygen atoms between the two carbon atoms, differing from the arrangement in acetic acid molecules. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The four carbon atoms each sprout two little tufts of hydrogen fuzz, for a total of eight hydrogen atoms. Wonder Woman's chemical weapon makes no scientific sense, but it evokes real and horrifying history 2017-06-06T04:00:00Z Skolnick's team then designed an algorithm to break each one into fragments, snapping only single bonds between carbon atoms—the kind of bonds Burke's machine can reassemble. Billion-dollar project would synthesize hundreds of thousands of molecules in search of new medicines 2017-04-19T04:00:00Z Carbonyl sulfide — a molecule made of a carbon atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom — is present only in a few hundred parts per trillion in the atmosphere. Antarctic Ice Reveals Earth’s Accelerating Plant Growth 2017-04-05T04:00:00Z Dresselhaus was among the first to use lasers to study the magnetic and optical properties of graphite, and she noticed that laser vaporization produced 'clusters' of carbon atoms. Mildred S. Dresselhaus (1930-2017) : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-14T04:00:00Z How many carbon atoms are in the same sample? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z She was prominent in the development of carbon nanotubes, ultra-thin-walled, tubular structures composed of many carbon atoms, that promised advances in the conduction of electricity and the creation of sturdier materials. Mildred Dresselhaus, physicist dubbed ‘queen of carbon science,’ dies at 86 2017-02-22T05:00:00Z Carbon atom by carbon atom, he creates nature's hardest, most brilliant and — if decades of advertisements are to be believed — most romantic stone. Forget the ring: Lab-grown diamonds are a scientist’s best friend 2017-02-13T05:00:00Z The only difference is the arrangement of three carbon atoms. Inside the DEA: A chemist’s quest to identify mystery drugs 2016-12-21T05:00:00Z It’s made of a single layer of bonded carbon atoms, and conducts electricity remarkably efficiently. Supercharged silly putty can detect spider footsteps 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z Experimental evidence revealed the formula, C60, and then scientists determined how 60 carbon atoms could form one symmetric, stable molecule. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Deleting a carbon atom near the nitrogen leaves an empty space perfect for stashing data. If Diamonds Are Forever, Your Data Could Be, Too 2016-10-26T04:00:00Z I prefer carbon atoms anyway, since they are very simple and require fewer foam balls to render. A dad, a son, an eighth-grade science project. Stand back. 2016-10-19T04:00:00Z A complex molecule may contain many such carbon atoms — and if even one of them has the wrong configuration, the compound can end up interacting badly with the human body. The new breed of cutting-edge catalysts 2016-09-05T04:00:00Z As the name suggests, polyethylenes are made of many copies of ethylene, a simple hydrocarbon building block with two carbon atoms surrounded by four hydrogens. Catalysts could turn trash bags into fuel 2016-06-17T04:00:00Z This shows us two regions of high electron density around the carbon atom—each double bond counts as one region, and there are no lone pairs on the carbon atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z There they snuggle in between the graphite’s sheets of carbon atoms. How to build a better battery through nanotechnology 2016-05-26T04:00:00Z An old batting helmet will represent the carbon atom’s nucleus, which will be surrounded by baseballs representing neutrons — or is it electrons? A dad, a son, an eighth-grade science project. Stand back. 2016-10-19T04:00:00Z The fluoride is then so desperate for a replacement electron that it will readily bind with a carbon atom to get it. The new breed of cutting-edge catalysts 2016-09-05T04:00:00Z The newly free chemical handles bond to each other, forming a double bond between the neighboring carbon atoms. Catalysts could turn trash bags into fuel 2016-06-17T04:00:00Z What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in urea? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It takes six carbon atoms in graphite to hold on to a single lithium ion. How to build a better battery through nanotechnology 2016-05-26T04:00:00Z Grey spheres represent carbon atoms, red are oxygen atoms and white are hydrogen atoms. Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-05-24T04:00:00Z Molecules from biomass feedstocks contain a wide variety of chiral carbon atoms in a chain, and it is almost impossible to distinguish one from another. The new breed of cutting-edge catalysts 2016-09-05T04:00:00Z Chemically, macrolides are giant rings containing 14 to 16 carbon atoms, with one or more sugar appendages dangling off the side. A new way to make powerful antibiotics 2016-05-18T04:00:00Z The Lewis structure of ethene, C2H4, shows us that each carbon atom is surrounded by one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The molecule they chanced upon contained 60 carbon atoms and was highly stable. Harry Kroto, Nobel laureate who helped discover the buckyball, dies at 76 2016-05-04T04:00:00Z Grey spheres represent carbon atoms, red are oxygen atoms and white are hydrogen atoms. Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-05-24T04:00:00Z When making large, complex molecules such as steroids, antibiotics or hormones, a major challenge involves chirality, or the 'handedness' of a carbon atom. The new breed of cutting-edge catalysts 2016-09-05T04:00:00Z Other conductive materials that might be used to build touchscreens include graphene, a lattice of carbon atoms which, being only one atom thick, is essentially transparent. The moving finger moves on 2016-01-28T05:00:00Z The two carbon atoms of acetylene are thus bound together by one σ bond and two π bonds, giving a triple bond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Wait around a hundred million years or so, and carbon atoms are recycled through rocks, soil, and oceans as well as plants. Here's a Profound Contradiction of Human Existence 2016-01-07T05:00:00Z Graphene’s honeycomb arrangement of carbon atoms lends it strength, flexibility and superb electrical conductivity. Borophene joins 2D materials club 2015-12-16T05:00:00Z Unlike a carbon atom in isolation, which has four electrons that are available to form bonds, the carbon in CO2 has given up all four to the tight grip of the oxygen atoms. How to make the most of carbon dioxide 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z The crystal has a low ratio of heavy carbon atoms—called isotopes—consistent with the isotopic composition of organic matter. Scientists may have found the earliest evidence of life on Earth 2015-10-19T04:00:00Z When structures of butene are drawn with 120° bond angles around the sp2-hybridized carbon atoms participating in the double bond, the isomers are apparent. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The Nobel Prize committee cited the three chemists who shared the 2010 prize after finding “more efficient ways of linking carbon atoms together to build the complex molecules that are improving our everyday lives.” Richard Heck, Nobel laureate who transformed organic chemistry, dies at 84 2015-10-11T04:00:00Z Through that process, metal atoms are chemically bound to carbon atoms at the ends of the nanotubes, allowing for much smaller processors without sacrifices in performance. IBM's New Research Could Mean Much More Powerful Computers 2015-10-01T04:00:00Z The big money is in hydrocarbons, which consist of one or more carbon atoms, often arranged in long chains or complex rings, surrounded by hydrogen atoms. How to make the most of carbon dioxide 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z The single layer of carbon atoms exhibits incredible physical strength and flexibility, as well as unique electrical properties. Graphene Gets a New Competitor 2015-09-19T04:00:00Z We will count from the end that numbers the carbon atoms where the chlorine atoms are attached as 2 and 3, making the name of the product 2,3-dichloropentane. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Organic chemistry is to a great extent carbon chemistry, and linking organic molecules means linking their carbon atoms. Richard Heck, Nobel laureate who transformed organic chemistry, dies at 84 2015-10-11T04:00:00Z For instance, the bonds deuterium forms with carbon atoms are stronger than those formed between carbon and normal hydrogen. Drugs that live long will prosper 2015-09-03T04:00:00Z The electrical current then busts apart the CO2 molecules through a process called electrolysis, and the carbon atoms swarm to the negatively charged electrode. A carbon capture strategy that pays 2015-08-19T04:00:00Z They laid down films of the metals on layers of buckyballs, which are cage-like molecules made up of 60 carbon atoms, chosen because they are particularly good at stripping electrons from the metal films. Non-magnetic metals turned into magnets 2015-08-04T04:00:00Z To represent this unique bonding, structural formulas for benzene and its derivatives are typically drawn with single bonds between the carbon atoms and a circle within the ring as shown in Figure 20.11. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z An analogy: If you connect carbon atoms one way, they form graphite, which is soft, dark and suitable for a pencil; connected another way, they form diamond, which is hard and clear. Making Friends in New Places 2015-07-30T04:00:00Z One of the most important processes on Earth is the carbon cycle, in which carbon atoms shuttle between living things and the nonliving environment. 'It's like going to Pluto and seeing McDonald's' 2015-07-23T04:00:00Z The materials—noncylindrical cousins of carbon nanotubes, composed of chains of carbon atoms less than a micrometer wide—are used in making composite materials, chemical catalysts, and even scanning probe microscopes. A carbon capture strategy that pays 2015-08-19T04:00:00Z Now, a laboratory analysis of the light absorbed by buckyballs — hollow, soccer-ball shaped molecules made up of 60 carbon atoms — under space-like conditions has provided direct match for DIBs seen in 19941. Buckyballs in space solve 100-year-old riddle 2015-07-14T04:00:00Z In a ketone, the carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Consider Teflon, which comprises long chains of carbon atoms surrounded in fluorine. How 1970s deodorant is still doing harm - BBC News 2015-06-05T04:00:00Z The seawater’s fluid slip-length is longer than a carbon atom is wide. Bill Nye to Grads: Change the World 2015-05-18T04:00:00Z Though a deadly poison, cyanide is nonetheless the ancient pathway for inert carbon atoms to enter the chemistry of life. Making Sense of the Chemistry That Led to Life on Earth 2015-05-04T04:00:00Z “If a nanotube’s diameter or chirality—the angle at which its carbon atoms are “rolled”—varies by even a tiny amount, its band gap may vanish, rendering it useless as a digital circuit element. Computing after Moore’s Law 2015-05-02T04:00:00Z In both aldehydes and ketones, the geometry around the carbon atom in the carbonyl group is trigonal planar; the carbon atom exhibits sp2 hybridization. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z That pressure is generated when the graphene’s carbon atoms get close enough to distort each other’s electron clouds. Graphene sandwich makes new form of ice 2015-03-24T04:00:00Z One of the best ways to measure the prehistoric release of carbon into the atmosphere is to look at the ratio of two types of carbon atoms called isotopes. Greenhouse emissions similar to today’s may have triggered massive temperature rise in Earth’s past 2014-12-15T05:00:00Z The scientists first grew carpets of microscopic wires of gallium nitride, a light-emitting crystalline material, on an ultrathin mesh of graphene, which is a layer of carbon atoms that is flexible, conductive and tough. Bendy Screens a Step Closer 2014-12-01T05:00:00Z Often described as a “miracle material”, graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Husband And Wife Team Unveil The World's First 3D Printed Graphene Battery 2014-10-23T04:00:00Z The unhybridized p orbital on the carbon atom in the carbonyl group overlaps a p orbital on the oxygen atom to form the π bond in the double bond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This causes a mutual attraction, known as the van der Waals force, between carbon atoms in adjacent graphene layers. Graphene sandwich makes new form of ice 2015-03-24T04:00:00Z The CO2 emissions are so much higher because coal is up to 80% carbon and, when CO2 is created, each carbon atom combines with two heavier oxygen atoms. The element that causes arguments 2014-10-18T04:00:00Z The researchers found that isolated, liquid-state benzene molecules, which consist of rings of carbon atoms, assemble into surprisingly neat and orderly chains after enduring slow, alternating cycles of pressure. Liquid Benzene Squeezed to Form Diamond Nanofibers 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z That's because the dense coating of carbon nanotubes, rolled sheets of carbon atoms like the one seen above, are used to create a lattice that absorbs virtually all light as it's refracted around the tubes. Company says it's created the world's blackest black with carbon nanotubes 2014-07-14T04:00:00Z The other reagents and possible products of these reactions are beyond the scope of this chapter, so we will focus only on the changes to the carbon atoms: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In perhaps his most famous piece of scientific writing, the Italian chemist and Auschwitz survivor Primo Levi describes the story of a carbon atom. A cosmic history 2014-05-07T17:20:02.277Z Diffraction image allowed researchers to confirm the tetrahedral structure of carbon atoms in this famous crystal. Crystallography: Atomic secrets 2014-01-29T18:50:52.346Z A plant, for example, is much better at capturing and routing solar energy through itself than an unstructured heap of carbon atoms. A New Physics Theory of Life 2014-01-28T23:00:00Z Inside the Russian gem, the regular diamond lattice of carbon atoms was interrupted on rare occasions by a nitrogen atom, with a neighbouring carbon atom also missing. Quantum physics: Flawed to perfection 2014-01-22T18:20:31.087Z What are the oxidation numbers for the carbon atoms in the molecules shown here? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The numbers refer to the position of the carbon atom in the deoxyribose molecule at the end of the strand to which the next phosphate molecule in the DNA chain attaches. The Hallmarks of Cancer: 4 - Limitless Replicative Potential 2013-10-10T19:45:47.683Z Carbyne is a chain of carbon atoms held together by double or alternating single and triple chemical bonds. Material could be strongest yet 2013-10-10T11:52:19Z On Earth, this molecule, which comprises three carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms, is a constituent of many plastics. Plastic ingredient spied on Titan 2013-10-01T10:12:04Z By contrast, the Russian diamond contains fewer than one nitrogen atom per billion carbon atoms. Quantum physics: Flawed to perfection 2014-01-22T18:20:31.087Z There is no need to calculate oxidation states in this case; instead, just compare the types of atoms bonded to the marked carbon atoms: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Methane molecules incorporate a carbon atom of two different types, one more commonly found in gas from wells and the other in gas from landfills and sewers. New Tools Pinpoint Natural Gas Leaks, Maximizing a Fuel’s Green Qualities 2013-08-06T21:16:30Z The impurities typically comprise one nitrogen atom that has replaced one of the carbon atoms and a single-atom gap, or vacancy, next to the nitrogen. Nanothermometer Takes the Temperature of Living Cells 2013-08-01T16:45:00.740Z Its molecule consists of one carbon atom attached to four hydrogen atoms. Methane in Pennsylvania Groundwater May Originate in Fracked Gas Wells 2013-06-28T10:45:00.790Z The analyses focus on so-called quasi-elastic scattering, which in the simplest case involves a neutrino colliding with a neutron in one of the carbon atoms. Particle Pals: Neutrino Experiment Shows Protons and Neutrons Pairing Up 2013-06-24T19:15:00.307Z Aldehydes are commonly prepared by the oxidation of alcohols whose –OH functional group is located on the carbon atom at the end of the chain of carbon atoms in the alcohol: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But properties like melt point, saturation level or energy storage could be manipulated by adding or subtracting carbon atoms or controlling the location and connection of fatty acids and hydrogen atoms. For Solazyme, a Side Trip on the Way to Clean Fuel 2013-06-22T19:42:36Z The next 5 years were largely spent on finding ways to purify the DNA samples and extract and analyze the carbon atoms using high-powered particle accelerators. Atomic Bombs Help Solve Brain Mystery 2013-06-06T19:55:00Z But not all carbon atoms are alike; some are slightly heavier than others. Methane in Pennsylvania Groundwater May Originate in Fracked Gas Wells 2013-06-28T10:45:00.790Z Diamonds are made of carbon atoms which are densely packed into a structure that is extremely strong. Some facets of the geology of diamonds 2013-05-09T13:15:00.553Z Alcohols that have their –OH groups in the middle of the chain are necessary to synthesize a ketone, which requires the carbonyl group to be bonded to two other carbon atoms: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Finally, IBM made major waves this week with “A Boy And His Atom”: The world’s smallest stop-motion movie made by manipulating carbon atoms on a copper surface. Physics Week in Review: May 4, 2013 2013-05-04T14:45:04.993Z IBM scientists used carbon atoms as stars in their film 'A Boy and his Atom' which is being called the world's smallest movie. Video: Atoms star in world's smallest movie 2013-05-01T11:58:54Z It's all little carbon atoms tied together in a diaphanous, smooth film that's beautiful and continuous. Pentagon weapons-maker finds method for cheap, clean water 2013-03-13T05:15:36Z Both teams made diamonds with defects in their crystal structure — a single nitrogen atom next to a missing carbon atom, a few nanometers below the surface. Diamond-Based Quantum Devices Shrink MRI to Nanoscale 2013-02-04T17:15:00.363Z An alcohol with its –OH group bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to no or one other carbon atom will form an aldehyde. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z That leaves a project on graphene, a material made of carbon atoms arranged in a single layer, and the Human Brain Project, which aims to recreate the human brain in a computer, as the winners. Graphene and Brain Modeling Project Win Billion Euro Science Contest 2013-01-24T16:25:00Z What Curiosity actually detected were trace amounts of three of the simplest possible carbon-containing compounds: a carbon atom with one, two, or three chlorine atoms attached in place of hydrogen atoms. The First Signs of Ancient Life on Mars? 2012-12-03T22:42:48Z As well as being the main element in organic matter, carbon atoms are the only element in both graphite and diamond. Shine on you crazy diamond: why humans are carbon-based lifeforms 2012-11-12T12:45:03.553Z First, a trimer molecule, containing 6 carbon atoms, is formed from ethylene. Plastics Without Oil. Here's How 2012-10-13T11:34:27Z Both carboxylic acids and esters contain a carbonyl group with a second oxygen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group by a single bond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The branching means there are more tertiary carbon atoms to stabilize pressure-induced radicals, reducing premature ignition and increasing the octane number. Microbial engineering for the production of advanced biofuels 2012-08-15T17:22:19.783Z But to their surprise, they found that when carbon atoms were also near the samples, the atoms snapped into place, repairing the two-dimensional sheet. Graphene holes 'heal themselves' 2012-07-11T11:15:45Z She invented breakthrough techniques for studying individual layers of carbon atoms. A Conversation With Mildred Dresselhaus: Carbon Catalyst for Half a Century 2012-07-02T21:44:49Z One of the most common of these epigenetic changes involves a methyl group -- one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms—binding to a nucleotide, usually cytosine. Aging Is Recorded in Our Genes 2012-06-11T20:10:00Z In an ester, the second oxygen atom bonds to another carbon atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The images show linked ring structures that are reminiscent both of the Olympic rings and a great many compounds made from rings of carbon atoms, including the "miracle material" graphene. 'Olympic rings' molecule imaged 2012-05-28T02:18:52Z In the two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms known as graphene, for instance, the honeycomb structure arises from bonds among the atoms. What Is It? 2012-05-20T14:15:00.217Z Very well-defined ripples or edges with curves of a few nanometres and spaced apart by, say, tens of nanometres would activate select rows of carbon atoms to achieve chemical patterns. Perspective: A means to an end 2012-03-14T22:50:50.120Z There is nothing thinner or with better transport properties than this one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms. Q&A: Taking charge 2012-03-14T22:50:48.640Z A ketone contains a group bonded to two additional carbon atoms; thus, a minimum of three carbon atoms are needed. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms, the material is effectively two-dimensional. Electronics: Back to analogue 2012-03-14T22:50:44.580Z The catch is that the electron's spin is not as stable as the nuclear spin of the carbon atom; it fluctuates on the millisecond timescale. A Bit of Progress: Diamonds Shatter Quantum Information Storage Record 2012-03-12T10:15:00.243Z In these ways, phytoplankton are crucial to the global carbon cycle, the circular path by which carbon atoms travel from the atmosphere to the biosphere, to the land and then back to the ocean. Ocean Science: The power of plankton 2012-02-29T18:21:22.477Z One common source is natural gas, which is made up mostly of methane, a molecule with four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom. Green Blog: Biomass and Electricity, Part 2 2012-01-10T13:03:08Z A single carbon atom in the web has a diameter of about 0.000000015 centimeter, and it would take about 7000 carbon atoms to span the diameter of the strand. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As each methane molecule breaks up the carbon atoms are thrown out, forming solid particles of carbon, and it is they really which give the light. Marvels of Scientific Invention An Interesting Account in Non-technical Language of the Invention of Guns, Torpedoes, Submarine Mines, Up-to-date Smelting, Freezing, Colour Photography, and many other recent Discoveries of Science 2011-11-19T03:00:24.517Z Picture chicken wire, but with each connection point being a carbon atom. Elephant Illustrates Important Point 2011-11-07T14:45:00.237Z Lowry and Armstrong represent these compounds by the following spatial formulae which postulate a γ-oxidic structure, and 5 asymmetric carbon atoms, i.e. one more than in the Fischer formulae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z One class of sugars, the type with five carbon atoms, is broken off and harvested. A Way to Make Motor Fuel Out of Wood? Add Water 2011-09-27T04:02:33Z Each glucose molecule is a unit that contains 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The second is that it requires two photons to release one carbon atom. Diamonds Lose Mass in Sunlight 2011-07-15T17:45:00.500Z Manmade carbon dioxide and its naturally occurring counterpart tend to be made of different types of carbon atoms. Green: An Uptick in U.S. Temperatures 2011-06-30T18:47:01Z "Methane molecules decompose on the surface of the metal and release carbon atoms, which then assemble into a graphene film." Material difference 2011-06-27T19:38:12Z Other useful chemicals such as furans — molecules with a circular structure consisting of four carbon atoms and an oxygen atom — can be pulled out of lignocellulosic biomass and could serve as alternative, high-energy-density fuels. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z This results in the formation of four strong, equivalent covalent bonds between the carbon atom and each of the hydrogen atoms to produce the methane molecule, CH4. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Ethanol has two carbon atoms linked to five hydrogen atoms, plus a hydroxyl group. Fuel options: The ideal biofuel 2011-06-22T21:50:40.910Z It may seem strange to you that quite a small percentage of carbon atoms added to the pure soft iron should cause such a marked difference, but the matter seems plain enough to us. Autobiography of an Electron Wherein the Scientific Ideas of the Present Time Are Explained in an Interesting and Novel Fashion 2011-06-19T02:00:25.633Z It relies in part on radio carbon dating - counting the amount of a radioactive type of carbon atom in decaying matter. Neolithic boom 2011-06-06T00:30:24Z It's a sociable molecule consisting of four hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms linked in the chemical equivalent of a double handshake. A Brief History of Plastic's Conquest of the World 2011-05-29T14:15:02.467Z In an ethene molecule, the four hydrogen atoms and the two carbon atoms are all in the same plane. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Adding two more carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms creates butanol, which is less corrosive and packs much more punch. Fuel options: The ideal biofuel 2011-06-22T21:50:40.910Z I had no idea of the purpose of our march till I suddenly found myself handed over to some carbon atoms, who were in a very lively state of vibration. Autobiography of an Electron Wherein the Scientific Ideas of the Present Time Are Explained in an Interesting and Novel Fashion 2011-06-19T02:00:25.633Z They are molecules containing six carbon atoms, six oxygen atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms. How carbohydrates work 2011-05-02T19:32:04Z With a little chemical nudging those carbon atoms release one bond, allowing each to reach out and grab the carbon in another ethylene molecule. A Brief History of Plastic's Conquest of the World 2011-05-29T14:15:02.467Z For the molecule allene, give the hybridization of each carbon atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z With its four carbons, butanol has about 90 of the energy of petrol, which is a mixture of molecules with five to eight carbon atoms. Fuel options: The ideal biofuel 2011-06-22T21:50:40.910Z But so long as our forced march was maintained among the carbon atoms, so long did the high temperature exist. Autobiography of an Electron Wherein the Scientific Ideas of the Present Time Are Explained in an Interesting and Novel Fashion 2011-06-19T02:00:25.633Z Serotonin is a tiny molecule, a bibelot built of just 10 carbon atoms, a dozen hydrogens, two nitrogens and a single oxygen. Basics: Job Description Grows for Our Utility Hormone 2011-05-02T22:05:21Z This new type of carbon was first observed in 2003, when researchers placed graphite, a stacking of chicken-wire-shaped networks of carbon atoms, under high pressure at room temperature. Not Your Parents' Carbon: A New Type of Crystalline Graphite 2011-01-27T18:45:00.330Z Draw the orbital diagram for carbon in CO2 showing how many carbon atom electrons are in each orbital. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Diesel and jet fuel consist of molecules with 9 to 16 carbon atoms. Fuel options: The ideal biofuel 2011-06-22T21:50:40.910Z There is a strong contrast between this peaceful plan and that of the excited carbon atoms. Autobiography of an Electron Wherein the Scientific Ideas of the Present Time Are Explained in an Interesting and Novel Fashion 2011-06-19T02:00:25.633Z The latticelike arrangement of carbon atoms in a diamond is such that in some directions the carbon atoms are so tightly bound that they resist becoming part of the amorphous layer. The Nitty-Gritty of Diamond Polishing 2010-12-02T17:21:00Z The article states that methane is "a molecule made of only carbon atoms," but methane in fact contains four parts hydrogen to one part carbon. Letters on health-care overhaul and the chemical formula for methane 2010-11-01T19:27:00Z Gasoline is a liquid mixture of continuous- and branched-chain alkanes, each containing from five to nine carbon atoms, plus various additives to improve its performance as a fuel. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Buckyballs, as they became known colloquially, are football-shaped molecules made of 60 carbon atoms linked by single and double bonds. The 2010 Nobel prizes: Making new things 2010-10-07T11:04:00Z Two Russian-born researchers shared the physics Nobel for their groundbreaking experiments with graphene, which is a sheet of carbon atoms joined together in a pattern that resembles chicken wire. Nobel Prize honors super-strong, super-thin carbon 2010-10-06T00:48:00Z It lets chemists join carbon atoms together, a key step in the process of building complex molecules. American, two Japanese chemists share Nobel 2010-10-06T12:32:00Z Graphene consists of carbon atoms held together in a flat lattice like chicken wire. Nobel prize for physics goes to Manchester University scientists 2010-10-05T12:10:00Z The name of an alkene is derived from the name of the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Graphene, in which carbon atoms are arranged in a flat hexagon lattice like chicken wire, is not only the thinnest material in the world at one atom thick, but also the strongest. Two Win Nobel for Work on Ultra-Thin Material 2010-10-05T10:50:00Z The backbone of each polyphenyl ether molecule consists of a chain of benzene rings, which in turn are built from carbon atoms. Turning Waste Heat Into Power 2010-10-04T15:26:00Z And there is evidence, they say, inside the carbon atoms themselves. Researcher Cites Role of Ancient Farming in Climate Change 2009-09-28T04:00:00Z When heated, the hydrogen burns away and the carbon atoms arrange themselves into tubes. Beyond Fossil Fuels: Gasoline Substitutes Researched With U.S. Funds 2010-08-18T18:26:00Z Predict the local geometry for the nitrogen atom, the two carbon atoms, and the oxygen atom with a hydrogen atom attached: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The most important components in the experiment were the carbon nanotubes, which are submicroscopic hollow tubes made of a chicken-wire-like lattice of carbon atoms. From Chemical to Electrical Energy 2010-08-10T15:25:00Z Coal is a mixture of carbon and hydrogen, with the emphasis on the former; methane, the main component of natural gas, consists of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. New Ways to Scrub Out the Carbon 2010-08-06T19:21:00Z The carbon atom acts as the spine with other atoms attaching to it in different combinations and positions. Just Like Pelicans, People Can't Avoid Oil Either 2010-06-11T15:07:00Z Petroleum consists of carbon atoms strung in chains, branches and rings, with many hydrogen atoms attached. Oil from Gulf of Mexico disaster will long be able to spill its identity 2010-06-09T04:00:00Z Predict the electron-pair geometry and local structure of the nitrogen atom, the three carbon atoms, and the oxygen atom with hydrogen attached: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Graphite, which is black in bulk, consists of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal grid. Lighting: Printed circuit 2010-02-18T10:42:00Z When exposed to sunlight, hydrogen atoms break off and the carbon atoms combine, producing complex chemicals that are reddish. 2010-02-16T05:00:00Z A methyl group is a basic unit in organic chemistry: one carbon atom attached to three hydrogen atoms. 2010-01-08T21:15:00Z All such monosaccharides, being alcohol-aldehydes, can easily be reduced to the corresponding polyatomic alcohols, containing the same number of carbon atoms as the original monosaccharides, each with one OH group attached to it. The Chemistry of Plant Life The unique properties of carbon atoms allow the existence of carbon-based life forms such as ourselves. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z "I can absorb certain portions of the carbon atoms of al-kuhl," it said. The Giants From Outer Space The trimolecular polymerization of numerous acetylene compounds—substances containing two trebly linked carbon atoms, —C:C—, to form derivatives of benzene is of considerable interest. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" No more than two atoms of oxygen can be made to unite with one carbon atom, nor more than one hydrogen with one chlorine atom. The Machinery of the Universe Mechanical Conceptions of Physical Phenomena It is understood, in all such cases, that the figure represents six carbon atoms arranged in a closed ring, with alternate double and single bonds, and with a hydrogen atom attached to each carbon. The Chemistry of Plant Life How many carbon atoms were present in the stone? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z They are both attractions; and, to the intellect, the falling of carbon atoms against oxygen atoms is not more difficult of conception than the falling of water to the earth. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 Obviously, isomeric ring-systems are possible, since the carbon atoms in the original rings are not all of equal value. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Those containing more than sixteen carbon atoms are solids. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The second type are the "unsaturated" acids belonging to several different groups, as discussed below, but all having one or more double-linkages between the carbon atoms of the alkyl radical which they contain. The Chemistry of Plant Life Determine the hybridization of each type of carbon atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z If the two carbon atoms unite by the ethylene kind of union, the union will be along a line corresponding to one of the edges of each tetrahedron. Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 Intermolecular transformations—migrations of substituent groups from one carbon atom to another—are of fairly common occurrence among oxy compounds at elevated temperatures. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The hydrogen and carbon atoms catch up the oxygen and in an instant they are off on a stampede, crowding in every direction to find an exit, and getting more heated up all the time. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries It will be observed that all of these acids contain a multiple of two total carbon atoms. The Chemistry of Plant Life Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in the following molecule. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This axis corresponds to the straight line joining the two carbon atoms. Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 Generally rupture occurs at more than one point; and rarely are the six carbon atoms of the complex regained as an open chain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" But when three acetylene molecules join to form a ring of six carbon atoms we get compounds of the benzene series such as were described in the chapter on the coal-tar colors. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries It is clear, however, that they are six-membered hydrocarbon rings, with additional hydrocarbon groups attached to one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring. The Chemistry of Plant Life Each of the carbon atoms in an alkane has sp3 hybrid orbitals and is bonded to four other atoms, each of which is either carbon or hydrogen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon atom. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section I, J, K, and L Similarly, an increase of volume is associated with doubly and trebly linked carbon atoms. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" But according to the chemist the Murex mollusk made a mistake in hitching the bromine to the wrong carbon atoms. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries As a rule, natural carbohydrates contain six, or some multiple of six, carbon atoms and the same number of oxygen atoms less one for each additional group of six carbons above the first one; e.g., The Chemistry of Plant Life The n-butane molecule contains an unbranched chain, meaning that no carbon atom is bonded to more than two other carbon atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Thus primary alcohols and aldehydes, both of the aliphatic and aromatic series, readily yield on oxidation acids containing the same number of carbon atoms. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Three such compounds are possible according to the number of valencies acting directly between the carbon atoms. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Its molecule contains three carbon atoms, while glucose has six and alcohol two. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries As systematic names, the Latin numeral indicating the number of carbon atoms in the molecule is combined with this ending; e.g., The Chemistry of Plant Life We use the term normal, or the prefix n, to refer to a chain of carbon atoms without branching. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Tertiary alcohols are thus seen to be characterized by the group :C.OH, in which the residual valencies of the carbon atom are attached to alkyl groups. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Restricting ourselves to compounds resulting from the fusion of benzene rings, we have first to consider naphthalene, C10H8, which consists of two benzene rings having a pair of carbon atoms in common. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Benzene, C6H6, evidently is like hexane, C6H14, in having a chain of six carbon atoms, but it has dropped its H's like an Englishman. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries Synthesis and Degradation of Hexoses.—Monosaccharides of any desired number of carbon atoms can be produced from aldoses having one less carbon atoms, by way of the familiar "nitrile" reaction. The Chemistry of Plant Life When more than one substituent is present, either on the same carbon atom or on different carbon atoms, the substituents are listed alphabetically. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The normal alcohols containing 1 to 16 carbon atoms are liquids at the ordinary temperatures; the higher members are crystalline, odourless and tasteless solids, closely resembling the fats in appearance. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 The separation of carbon atoms united by single affinities in this manner at the time the observation was made was altogether without precedent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" In Chapter IV I explained that the anilin dyes are built up upon the benzene ring of six carbon atoms. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries The reverse process, or the so-called "degradation" of a sugar into another containing fewer carbon atoms, may be readily accomplished in either one or two ways. The Chemistry of Plant Life Four carbon atoms means that the base name of this compound will be butane. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Alcohols are classified on two distinct principles, one depending upon the number of hydroxyl groups present, the other on the nature of the remaining groups attached to the carbon atom which carries the hydroxyl group. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Assuming the four valencies of the carbon atom to be directed from the centre of a regular tetrahedron towards its four corners, the angle at which they meet is 109� 28′. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The carbon atom has four hands, and atoms of nitrogen and phosphorus have five hands, but sometimes use only three. The Story of the Soil; from the Basis of Absolute Science and Real Life, No acid containing an uneven number of carbon atoms has been found in a natural fat. The Chemistry of Plant Life The location of the double bond is identified by naming the smaller of the numbers of the carbon atoms participating in the double bond: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The product of the halogenation reaction will have two chlorine atoms attached to the carbon atoms that were a part of the carbon-carbon double bond: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The absolute heat of combustion of a carbon atom is therefore 135.34 calories, and this is independent of the form of the carbon burned. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Each of the six bonds between its carbon atoms is equivalent and exhibits properties that are intermediate between those of a C–C single bond and a double bond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z We assume that each carbon atom and each hydrogen atom contributes equally to the thermal effect. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" As an example of arrangement differences, the first carbon atom in 1-butene is bonded to two hydrogen atoms; the first carbon atom in 2-butene is bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z |
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英语例句辞典收录了117811条英语例句在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的例句翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。