| 单词 | burgess |
| 例句 | Like Patrick Henry, moreover, the other burgesses struggled to balance their constitutional principles and their loyalty to Britain. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z In November 1295, knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords met together at Westminster in London. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z In 2009, a different set of Litchfield burgesses banned ribbons from the town green trees, citing the potential for a proliferation of free speech displays as well as possible tree damage. Yellow ribbons removed from town green amid speech dispute 2022-01-14T05:00:00Z In 1748, the Virginia burgesses passed a law mandating the death penalty for any enslaved person who poisoned his or her master. Freedom and slavery, the ‘central paradox of American history’ 2019-04-30T04:00:00Z Less than a year later, the burgesses of Northampton received a message from the king. Northampton: The ancient English university killed by a king - BBC News 2016-09-10T04:00:00Z However, he said, if she chose to feature Middletown, Maryland, he planned to show her old photos of the town, provide some background and history, and recommend she speak with the town’s burgess. Delaware resident to make documentary about Middletowns 2016-01-09T05:00:00Z Over the next century, from 1300 to 1400, the king called the knights and burgesses whenever a new tax was needed. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z An uproar of opposition arose again, and burgesses relented and allowed the five ribbons. Yellow ribbons removed from town green amid speech dispute 2022-01-14T05:00:00Z For the first time, this Parliament summoned two knights from each county and two citizens or burgesses from England's cities and boroughs, creating a tradition that led to the emergence of the House of Commons. Memorable speeches from 750 years of Parliament 2015-01-20T05:00:00Z The election of two knights from every shire and two burgesses from the towns helped establish the two-member county constituencies that endured until the 20th Century. The turning point for democracy that gets overlooked 2015-01-18T05:00:00Z The wills of London burgesses, which were enrolled in the Court of Husting, show that the daughters of these well-to-do citizens were in the habit of taking the veil. Medieval English Nunneries c. 1275 to 1535 2012-04-27T02:00:38.817Z Besides this charter Edward III. also granted the burgesses the privilege of electing a mayor and bailiffs every year. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z The burgesses of his cities, independent and intractable, were for the most part Cathari. A History of The Inquisition of The Middle Ages; volume I 2012-04-17T02:00:16.473Z Henry VIII. having granted the use of the titles “mayor” and “burgess,” the town was incorporated in 1570-1571 by the name of the warden, portreeves, burgesses and commonalty. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z Hither flock the jocund burgesses, and dance to the sound of harp and viol. The Catholic World; Volume I, Issues 1-6 A Monthly Eclectic Magazine 2012-04-05T02:00:40.207Z Thus the nobles, the gentry and the superior rank of burgess—the upper and the upper-middle classes—sent their daughters to nunneries. Medieval English Nunneries c. 1275 to 1535 2012-04-27T02:00:38.817Z The burgesses rushed into the sea and bore him ashore on their shoulders; the whole population was intoxicated with delight. The Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 1 2012-04-03T02:00:38.807Z There were also tombs here of a somewhat pretentious character: "those probably of rich well-to-do burgesses, yet not great enough to command the posthumous honour of a roadside mausoleum." Walks in Rome 2012-03-31T02:00:36.010Z Suits were to be tried at home in the burgesses' own courts, to save time and expense and insure better justice. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z And then the more adventurous burgesses began to dress like poets. The Circus, and Other Essays and Fugitive Pieces 2012-03-12T03:00:26.180Z The House of Commons was instituted in the thirteenth century, when Henry III summoned the counties of the realm to send knights, and the principal cities and boroughs to send citizens and burgesses, to Parliament. Sketches of Reforms and Reformers, of Great Britain and Ireland 2012-03-12T03:00:20.310Z There were practically no burgesses extraneous to the Merchant Gild, though there were often Gildsmen who were not burgesses. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z Contracted in their scope under Henry VIII. and Elizabeth, these charters of urban freedom were, under the Stuarts, so remodelled as to transfer from the burgesses to the Crown the appointment of municipal officers. Social Transformations of the Victorian Age A Survey of Court and Country 2012-02-29T03:00:22.540Z It was as much as Matthias could do to keep the civic life of Hungary from expiring altogether, and nine-tenths of his burgesses were foreigners with no political interest in the country of their adoption. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z But when the fell scissors did their brutal work, then poets donned the garb of burgesses. The Circus, and Other Essays and Fugitive Pieces 2012-03-12T03:00:26.180Z Right of election in the Alderman and the twelve capital burgesses, who hold their places for life. Chippinge Borough 2012-02-15T03:00:32.210Z For the principal members of the companies were the principal members of the town corporation, which had silently, since the fourteenth century, been usurping the ancient powers of the general body of the burgesses. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z In real life the Marquis of Hertford, as ‘an honest burgess,’ was a chief member of the Council of Oxford city. Social Transformations of the Victorian Age A Survey of Court and Country 2012-02-29T03:00:22.540Z Besides the fairs granted to the burgesses by Edward I., two others were granted by Charles II. in 1664 to Henry Hildiard who owned property in the town. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z A French attack on the town was repulsed in 1404, and in 1485 the burgesses received a royal grant of �40 for walling the town and stretching a chain across the river mouth. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 9 "Dagupan" to "David" 2012-02-11T03:03:39.807Z "You are one of the twelve burgesses?" in a tone of surprise. Chippinge Borough 2012-02-15T03:00:32.210Z The burgesses may be divided into two classes, those of them who were gildsmen and those who were not. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z Constancy was a burgess virtue, fit for a tradesman. The Courtship of Morrice Buckler A Romance 2012-01-26T03:00:17.027Z In the 14th century the burgesses of Hull disputed the right of the archbishop of York to prisage of wine and other liberties in Hull, which they said belonged to the king. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z The bailiff was to be chosen every year in the Moot Hall and to be assisted by fourteen principal burgesses and a recorder. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 9 "Dagupan" to "David" 2012-02-11T03:03:39.807Z The assizes of the kingdom itself are twofold—the assizes of the high court and the assizes of the court of burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z They comprised also among their number many tradesmen waiting to be made burgesses. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z Much evidence has been produced to show that gild and borough, gildsmen and burgesses, were originally distinct conceptions, and that they continued to be discriminated in most towns throughout the middle ages. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z Henry VIII. visited the town in 1541, and ordered that a castle and other places of defence should be built, and Edward VI. in 1552 granted the manor to the burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z The ordinary burgesses consisted of the freeholders and the master-workmen of the gilds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 8 "Haller, Albrecht" to "Harmonium" 2012-01-02T03:00:22.443Z Two great central courts sat in Jerusalem to do justice—the high court of the nobles, and the court of burgesses for the rest of the Franks. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The Merchant Gild was ready to the hand of the burgesses as a centre, and the only centre, round which to rally when engaged in defending their liberties or in procuring fresh privileges. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z Admission to the gild was not restricted to burgesses; nor did the brethren form an aristocratic body having control over the whole municipal polity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z Most of the burgesses belonged to the king and paid a rent of �10 yearly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z Since the Reform Act of 1832 the burgesses have returned two members to parliament. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The province of the court included all acts and contracts between burgesses, and extended to criminal cases in which burgesses were involved. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z This restricted trading was not prejudicial to the town because practically all the burgesses were members of the Gild. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z Other men should be executed by the sword if they were noble or reputable burgesses, churls by the gallows, and women by burying alive. The Legend of Ulenspiegel, Volume I (of 2) And Lamme Goedzak, and their Adventures Heroical, Joyous and Glorious in the Land of Flanders and Elsewhere 2011-12-10T03:00:17.800Z Two burgesses were returned in 1577, but it was not again represented till the same privilege was conferred on it in 1832. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z It was constituted a free borough under the title of the mayor, aldermen and burgesses of Hadleigh. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The independent position of the burgesses, who thus assumed a position of equality by the side of the feudal class, is one of the peculiarities of the kingdom of Jerusalem. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z It also afforded the best, and as a fact the only, centre round which the burgesses could rally in the defence of their old privileges or in the struggle for fresh ones. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z The fishmonger replied that being a leading burgess of Damme, he desired to have the laws of the empire respected and thus to deserve His Majesty’s clemency. The Legend of Ulenspiegel, Volume I (of 2) And Lamme Goedzak, and their Adventures Heroical, Joyous and Glorious in the Land of Flanders and Elsewhere 2011-12-10T03:00:17.800Z It was a borough by prescription as early as 1201, in which year King John granted the burgesses a charter of liberties according to the custom of the burgesses of Northampton. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z Presently he drew up at Mynheer Groetweld’s door, when the worthy burgess greeted him with ceremonious politeness and requested him to enter. Perils in the Transvaal and Zululand 2011-12-02T03:00:22.447Z Yet so rich of heart was this burgess that not poverty even might make him knot his purse. Aucassin & Nicolette And Other Mediaeval Romances and Legends 2011-11-24T03:00:40.487Z It numbered among its brethren the great majority of the chief burgesses of the town. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z His father, Patricius, was a burgess of this town, and was still a pagan at the time of his son’s birth. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z In 1201 King John granted the burgesses an annual fair for fifteen days, beginning on the 25th of May. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z As she went up the Parliament Close, A riding on her horse, There she saw many a burgess' lady55 Sit greeting at the cross. English and Scottish Ballads (volume 3 of 8) 2011-11-18T03:00:30.847Z Thereat the burgess began to smile, and made reply that he would learn the meaning of those words. Aucassin & Nicolette And Other Mediaeval Romances and Legends 2011-11-24T03:00:40.487Z Such was found to be the case in early years when the fines were imposed by an authority other than the general assembly of burgesses. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z It was possibly a borough in the Saxon period, and by the time of the Domesday Survey it was a royal borough with 111 burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z The aristocracy of birth, despite its reverses, still remained the �lite of society; and Griffenfeldt, the son of a burgess as well as the protagonist of monarchy, was its most determined enemy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z Why weep ye so, ye burgess wives,65 Why look ye so on me? English and Scottish Ballads (volume 3 of 8) 2011-11-18T03:00:30.847Z The burgess with whom Graelent lodged had risen early in the morning, and with his wife had gone to eat with neighbours in the town. Aucassin & Nicolette And Other Mediaeval Romances and Legends 2011-11-24T03:00:40.487Z They were certainly considered as an inferior body of burgesses, and might comprise three classes. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z The burgesses of Appleby also possessed under their early charters privileges of a like character, and these would doubtless be of very appreciable value. Bygone Cumberland and Westmorland 2011-11-01T02:00:23.027Z The incorporation charter of 1605 recites that the burgesses are chiefly engaged in agriculture, and grants them a fair, which still continues every year on Tuesday in Easter week. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z By section 201 of that act the term “freeman” includes any person of the class whose rights and interests were reserved by the act of 1835 under the name either of freemen or of burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 1 "Franciscans" to "French Language" 2011-10-22T02:00:29.487Z Now this unhappy burgess knew not what to do, for some of his acquaintance gazed the other way, whilst men, to whom he had done naught but good, jested upon him openly in the street. Aucassin & Nicolette And Other Mediaeval Romances and Legends 2011-11-24T03:00:40.487Z Firstly, those not willing or not able to enter one of the gilds; secondly, traders waiting to be admitted burgesses; thirdly ex-burgesses fallen from the higher state through misfortune. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z I like the way he has hung those wooden-looking pictures of his burgess forbears in their furred cloaks and chains among the brocaded D'Urbans and De la Poles. Notwithstanding 2011-10-19T02:00:22.340Z The other burgesses, seeing this, used openly to say that no one who had a dwelling house of his own was liable to pay this penny, but only those who rented houses from others. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z He, for instance, is the authority for the story of the siege of Calais and the six burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 2 "French Literature" to "Frost, William" 2011-10-14T02:00:26.280Z Some seven years ago it befell that a rich burgess of Abbeville departed from the town, together with his wife, his only son, and all his wealth, his goods and plenishing. Aucassin & Nicolette And Other Mediaeval Romances and Legends 2011-11-24T03:00:40.487Z He must become in fact a full burgess. The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury 2012-03-05T03:00:14.443Z On the morning of the fourth day he saw a girl coming towards him who seemed to be a burgess’s daughter. Flemish Legends 2011-10-10T02:00:21.467Z Nevertheless, the burgesses at this time say, that the dwellers in the outskirts ought not to be quit of toll in market, unless they belong to the merchant's guild. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z It cannot be a corruption from borough-gable, because all burgesses had to pay gable. Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 89, July 12, 1851 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc. 2011-10-01T02:00:34.553Z There he sought a shop and dwelling, and paying his service, made himself vassal and burgess of the King. Aucassin & Nicolette And Other Mediaeval Romances and Legends 2011-11-24T03:00:40.487Z In this monarch's charter the corporation are styled the mayor, bailiffs, and burgesses. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z The torment of all these worthy burgesses out on a holiday. The Tangled Skein 2011-09-21T02:00:29.687Z Samson calls a meeting of the convent, the Knights and certain burgesses as to the election of bailiffs. p. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z Good and wholesome: wisely laid down by the burgesses, and wisely maintained by his Lordship. Rob of the Bowl, Vol. I (of 2) A Legend of St. Inigoe's 2011-09-11T02:00:10.443Z This jealous husband would not fail to note the difference between the old burgess, whose presence had given him no umbrage, and the newcomer, a young courtier, smart and genteel. The Works of Honor? de Balzac About Catherine de' Medici, Seraphita and Other Stories 2011-09-02T02:00:23.810Z Edmund, his only surviving son, succeeded to his estates and titles; and in his time there were twelve burgesses within the borough, with fifty-two free tenants, and twenty-two tenants by serjeancy. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z No charter of incorporation is extant, but in 1563 contests were carried on under the name of the bailiffs, burgesses and commonalty, and a list of borough accounts exists for 1696. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Serious conflict between the monastery and the burgesses. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z Ah, Charles," she replied, "there are doings in the province which are above the rule of your burgesses and councils. Rob of the Bowl, Vol. I (of 2) A Legend of St. Inigoe's 2011-09-11T02:00:10.443Z A gentleman, who had lurked till now close to one of the enormous pillars of the choir, where he was shrouded in the shadow, hastened to take the place left vacant by the worthy burgess. The Works of Honor? de Balzac About Catherine de' Medici, Seraphita and Other Stories 2011-09-02T02:00:23.810Z Hence, adds our author, the burgesses of Beverley pay no toll or custom in any port or town of England. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z It was an unheard-of audacity for a simple burgess to challenge the town Sheriff himself to a tilting duel with cudgels and lances. Tales From J?kai 2011-09-02T02:00:19.183Z Nor did he, in the meantime, invite to his own table any one of the burgesses, as he had been wont to do, on the first five days of Christmas. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z The burgesses have been disaffected ever since my father's death. Rob of the Bowl, Vol. I (of 2) A Legend of St. Inigoe's 2011-09-11T02:00:10.443Z But in Chaucer’s London the crowd was almost as motley to man’s eye as to God’s— Barons and burgesses and bondmen also ... Chaucer and His England 2011-09-01T02:00:19.940Z By virtue of this, the corporation of Bewdley consists of a bailiff, a recorder, a high steward, and twelve capital burgesses, who depute one member to parliament, the bailiff being the returning officer. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z The Burgomaster announced from the balcony of the town hall that the town of Pest had adopted the Twelve Articles, and with that the avalanche carried the whole of the burgesses along with it. . . . Tales From J?kai 2011-09-02T02:00:19.183Z Being asked whence he procured the money for his work, he answered that certain of the burgesses had privily given him moneys for building and completing the tower. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z On the 13th of May, 1695, the scheme was laid before the house of burgesses. The History of the Post Office in British North America 2011-08-31T02:01:37.743Z Many of the burgesses were as proud of their descent as of their liberties. A History of the Cries of London Ancient and Modern 2011-08-19T02:00:15.893Z The town, which formerly sent a member to parliament, is governed by a bailiff and eight burgesses; and the petty sessions are held here. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z His name, his father's name, was dishonoured; all that the old burgesses had achieved had been in vain. The Red Room 2011-08-13T02:00:26.943Z The burgesses to present annually an alderman for confirmation by the abbot: the alderman to present four persons to the sacrist as keepers of the four gates. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z Near-by, burgesses talk together and seem to judge the delinquent's conduct severely. Rheims and the Battles for its Possession Illustrated Michelin Guides to the Battle-Fields (1914-1918) 2011-07-31T02:00:09.963Z It was probably exhaustive, and may therefore be taken as indicating with tolerable precision the standard of household comfort of a London burgess at that time. Household Administration Its Place in the Higher Education of Women 2011-07-20T02:00:13.547Z It contains some monuments and inscriptions; but none of note.—Beverley is a corporate town, and is governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, and thirteen of the principal burgesses. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z Did not the house of burgesses request the Governor to sign the commission, which the people had unanimously put into my hands? The Cavaliers of Virginia or, The Recluse of Jamestown. Vol. II 2011-07-18T02:00:20.080Z The king's justices impose fines on the aldermen and burgesses. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z It has variously been supposed to have been the house of a rich burgess, of the Tom Fiddlers' Brotherhood, and the Mint of the Archbishops of Rheims. Rheims and the Battles for its Possession Illustrated Michelin Guides to the Battle-Fields (1914-1918) 2011-07-31T02:00:09.963Z The "middlemost" of the "stack" of brick buildings was like a busy hive, with burgesses pouring in and out, and conversing in agitated groups, while they warmed themselves before the fireplaces in the two rooms. The Stronghold A Story of Historic Northern Neck of Virginia and Its People 2011-07-17T02:00:38.770Z Their mercantile guild and ancient privileges were confirmed by the succeeding monarch, who also granted new privileges and immunities similar to those enjoyed by the burgesses of Oxford. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z The burgess family’s one want being an aristocratic husband for their girl Violante, eagerly accepted the Count, and they got the marriage done. The Browning Cyclop?dia A Guide to the Study of the Works of Robert Browning 2011-07-16T02:00:19.397Z The abbot complains to the king: fine inflicted on the burgesses. The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond: A Picture of Monastic Life in the Days of Abbot Samson 2011-10-18T02:00:19.523Z Its first charter granted by Henry I. gave the burgesses all the free customs which the citizens of London enjoyed, and was confirmed and enlarged by most of the succeeding kings. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z Colonel Mottrom may have had two other burgesses to keep him company on this trip—George Fletcher from Northumberland, and Francis Willis from the newly organized county of Lancaster. The Stronghold A Story of Historic Northern Neck of Virginia and Its People 2011-07-17T02:00:38.770Z It is governed by a portreeve and thirty-six burgesses, the office of the former being held in rotation by twelve of the latter. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z The winning Union Solidarity and Development Party is comprised mostly of military officers who resigned their army posts in order to stand election and whose campaigns were underwritten by the army's burgess and intimidating authority. Why Being Forced into Military Labor Can Be a Death Sentence for Convicts in Burma 2011-07-13T05:55:00Z On the election-day, a year or so afterwards, the burgesses of Cardiff smiled to see him driving through the streets in a motor from which flew a bannerette recommending them to "Vote for Daddy!" A New Medley of Memories 2011-07-12T02:00:37.147Z In 1574 the borough was newly incorporated under two bailiffs, ten chief and twenty-four inferior burgesses, and an annual fair on Whit-Monday and a market on Saturday were granted. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z He apparently lived in Lancaster for awhile because he was a burgess from that county in 1652. The Stronghold A Story of Historic Northern Neck of Virginia and Its People 2011-07-17T02:00:38.770Z The right of election was determined in 1690, to be in the burgesses, freemen, and inhabitant householders not receiving alms. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z There he lived peacefully, and did homage to the king and became his liegeman and burgess. Tales from the Old French 2011-07-09T02:00:12.200Z His council was entirely subservient and he gained control of the house of burgesses by controlling the county elections through dishonest officials. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z Exeter was evidently a borough by prescription some time before the Conquest, since the burgesses are mentioned in the Domesday Survey. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z The school was “ordeyned and founded by the Mayor and burgesses of Lancaster.” Education in England in the Middle Ages Thesis Approved for the Degree of Doctor of Science in the University of London 2011-06-30T02:00:33.287Z Although so small, it is governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, bailiff, and ten aldermen, and twenty-two burgesses, with a recorder, town-clerk, and other officers. Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol.1-11 Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically Arranged. 11 Volume set. 2011-09-26T02:00:29.140Z He was given lodging in the house of a burgess full discreet and courteous, who gave up to his guest his own fair tapestried chamber. Tales from the Old French 2011-07-09T02:00:12.200Z The burgesses had just completed their work when news came that the Indians were again on the warpath, and Bacon hastened with his volunteers to the frontier. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z This by 1482 had become so powerful that it interfered with the government of the town, and was dissolved on the petition of the burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z A reduction in these terms appears to have been made for the sons of burgesses living in Ipswich who were to pay “8d. a quarter ... and not above.” Education in England in the Middle Ages Thesis Approved for the Degree of Doctor of Science in the University of London 2011-06-30T02:00:33.287Z Elderly burgesses, wives and families from Frankfort, Coblentz and more distant Cologne. Punch, or the London Charivari, Vol. 93., October 1, 1887 2011-06-29T02:00:26.507Z Rest assured that I, your burgomaster, will not be tardy in keeping the worthy burgesses fully posted with the latest news from the capital. The Dispatch-Riders The Adventures of Two British Motor-cyclists in the Great War 2011-06-24T02:00:22.377Z This the burgesses violently opposed, but they finally compromised by agreeing to pay somewhat less than the governor had demanded. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z The burgesses surrendered the proceeds of the borough court and other rights in 1365 in return for respite of the fee farm rent; these were recovered in 1405 and rent again paid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 2 "Fairbanks, Erastus" to "Fens" 2011-06-19T02:00:16.580Z It has been alleged that the Pope, the bishops, the priests, and the monks and nuns form the estate spiritual or ecclesiastical; while the princes, nobles, burgesses, and peasantry form the secular estate or laity. Chronicles of the Schonberg-Cotta Family 2011-06-17T02:00:18.293Z When, two years later, he sent two henchmen as burgesses to the first general assembly, that august body would not allow them to sit unless the captain would relinquish certain high privileges in his grant. Erskine Dale?Pioneer 2011-06-13T02:00:32.327Z Monmouth appears also to have dealt largely in ale, if we may judge by a grant of Henry IV. as lord of the manor, to its burgesses. The Wye and Its Associations a picturesque ramble 2011-06-12T02:00:06.820Z The governor also collected certain fees, an act which the burgesses claimed was an encroachment upon the power of taxation. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z By the charter of incorporation granted in the following year the name was changed to Falmouth, and a mayor, recorder, 7 aldermen and 12 burgesses constituted a common council with the usual rights and privileges. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 2 "Fairbanks, Erastus" to "Fens" 2011-06-19T02:00:16.580Z As a burgess under Henry the Seventh, he effectually opposed a royal demand for money. Amenities of Literature Consisting of Sketches and Characters of English Literature 2011-06-03T02:00:19.227Z Any man could get two thousand acres by service to the colony, could build, plough, reap, save, buy servants, and roll in his own coach to sit as burgess. Erskine Dale?Pioneer 2011-06-13T02:00:32.327Z The towns with important privileges formed in feudal society as it were a new class of lordships; but their lords, that is to say their burgesses, were inspired by quite a new spirit. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 8 "France" to "Francis Joseph I." 2011-05-27T02:00:16.463Z The house of burgesses was made the chief governing body, with unlimited powers except the veto of the English government. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z When they subsequently eluded the conditions imposed by the states, the deputies—nobles, clergy and burgesses—showed their incapacity to oppose the progress of despotism. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z Under the second charter of 1690 the common council consisted of a mayor and eight aldermen and these with a recorder elected the free burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z But, not being the son of a burgess, and not having served his apprenticeship in the town, he was forbidden by the guilds, or trades-unions, to open a shop in Glasgow. A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine 2011-04-21T02:00:53.240Z The burgesses and people of Durham had found and brought them into their town at their own costs and charges. Cabinet Portrait Gallery of British Worthies Volume I 2011-03-12T03:00:27.327Z All officials were also appointed by the burgesses. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z Besides, they only represented the three classes who alone had any social standing at that period: the nobles, the clergy, and the burgesses of important towns. �tienne Marcel himself protested against councillors “de petit �tat.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z In the same year one John Ford for his services as a witch-finder was admitted a burgess along with Lord Kinghorne. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z But for the accident of their sitting and voting together, the burgesses and knights of the shire would also have formed separate estates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z The gentry of the Pale and the Dublin burgesses protested in vain against the return of strangers for boroughs which they had never even seen: “the more words the more choler.” The New Irish Constitution 2011-02-06T03:00:57.247Z In 1755 and 1758, the burgesses passed acts which allowed debts to be redeemed at two pence for each pound of tobacco. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z "A most respectable lineage," said tho burgess, quite awe-struck at so glorious a descent. William Shakespeare as he lived. An Historical Tale 2011-01-01T03:00:20.833Z So the burgesses of Falmouth took the matter before the courts and succeeded in establishing the claim of their town to a free control over the waters of its harbour. Nooks and Corners of Cornwall 2010-12-30T03:00:24.033Z When the severance took place on account of the oath administered to burgesses, he adhered, along with his brother, to the burgher section. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z “From henceforth” the knights and burgesses were to be resident, under penalty of fines—a provision well calculated to disappoint the hopes it raised. The New Irish Constitution 2011-02-06T03:00:57.247Z Maryland the governor prevented the meeting of the assembly, but the Virginia council and burgesses prepared an address to the king, a memorial to the lords, and a remonstrance to the commons. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z If curiosity was a ruling passion with the two burgesses, love of good liquor was equally strong, and accordingly as they necessarily passed this old hostel, they turned in for their morning's draught. William Shakespeare as he lived. An Historical Tale 2011-01-01T03:00:20.833Z "Devil take the hindmost!" is the motto of these dignified burgesses of Madrid when a cry of danger is raised; bang go the shutters against the shop-windows in a jiffy. Romantic Spain A Record of Personal Experiences (Vol. I) 2010-12-27T03:00:17.990Z They received numerous accessions to their communion, and remained in harmony with each other till 1747, when a division took place in regard to the nature of the oath administered to burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z In 1219 the prior secured the right of holding a court there for all crown pleas and of sitting beside the justices itinerant, and this led to serious collision between the monks and burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z On May 29, 1765, the burgesses resolved themselves into a committee of the whole to consider the steps necessary to be taken in consequence of the Stamp Act. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z "The honour will be to us," said the Count, rising and bowing as the burgesses were about to leave the apartment. William Shakespeare as he lived. An Historical Tale 2011-01-01T03:00:20.833Z But all the burgesses of Seville are not like to him who practised mortification by proxy. Romantic Spain A Record of Personal Experiences (Vol. I) 2010-12-27T03:00:17.990Z The respectable burgess stays at home, which is much more monotonous. The Ivory Gate, a new edition 2010-12-25T03:00:10.617Z Gladstone, was a burgess of Biggar, and lies in the churchyard. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z This assembly fixed its own membership, which was to be composed of councilors, persons especially summoned, and burgesses elected in hundreds. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z And the worthy burgesses immediately threaded the narrow streets, and approached the Fisher's Gate, which looks upon the flats on the Thanet side of the town. William Shakespeare as he lived. An Historical Tale 2011-01-01T03:00:20.833Z He also granted the burgesses exemption from toll, and showered other marks of royal favour. Cathedral Cities of England In this way all respectable burgesses, down to fifty years ago, spent their evenings. The Ivory Gate, a new edition 2010-12-25T03:00:10.617Z James II. confirmed in 1688 a charter given two years before, and incorporated the borough under the title of a mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" Besides the governor and council there was a general assembly, the first being held but a year after the establishment of the Virginia house of burgesses. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z His lordship hath himself spoken it," said the burgess, "we take our leave. William Shakespeare as he lived. An Historical Tale 2011-01-01T03:00:20.833Z The city was very much damaged, and the number of burgesses woefully reduced in numbers, some 560 only being left on the capitulation to the Conqueror. Cathedral Cities of England The father of the treasurer, and the husband of Widow Horner, had both been industrious, and, for their rank in life, wealthy burgesses of the city. Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland Volume 5 The citizens were determined to rescue the daughters of two men respected of all honest burgesses, but, if more numerous, they were not properly armed to attack swordsmen and halberdiers. The Great Mogul In Virginia the burgesses in 1692 declared themselves the sole judges of the qualifications of their members. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z It was formed in consequence of a breach resulting from a controversy respecting the religious clause of the oath taken by burgesses in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Perth. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli In 1777, he was one of the first two burgesses from the county of Kentucky. The Settlement of Illinois, 1778-1830 In 1685 the governing body comprised a mayor, aldermen, a town clerk, burgesses of the common council, a coroner and subordinate officers. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" The possibility of a forfeiture of their enfranchised position made the burgesses on the whole fairly submissive. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The Virginia burgesses resolved to set aside June 1 as a day of fasting and prayer. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z Those in favour of the oath were designated Burghers, whilst their opponents, who condemned the oath of the burgesses, became known as Anti-burghers. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli Richard of Cornwall, king of the Romans, confirmed to the burgesses their gild merchant, Edward I. the pesage of tin, and Edward II. a market for tin and wool. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" One of the earliest and most important changes in the condition of the burgesses was the conversion of their individual tributes into a perpetual rent from the whole borough. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The close corporations, though their right to choose a member of parliament might be doubtful, had the sole right to admit new burgesses, and in order to determine parliamentary elections they enfranchised non-residents. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The governor dissolved the house, but the burgesses assembled on May 27 at the Raleigh Tavern and adopted a resolution calling for a congress. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z A franklin who better were named a burgess Beside the princes stood. Stories and Ballads of the Far Past Translated from the Norse (Icelandic and Faroese) with Introductions and Notes An amended charter granted in 1594 remained in force until 1789, when the corporation became extinct owing to the diminution of the burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The burgesses of St. Albans claim a prescriptive right from the usage of all past times, and more especially those of the late Edward and his ancestors. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Besides heterogeneity of tenure and jurisdiction in the borough, there was also heterogeneity of status; there were burh-thegns and cnihts, mercatores, burgesses of various kinds, the three groups representing perhaps military, commercial and agricultural elements. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" In 1684 a new governor, Lord Howard of Effingham, proceeded at once to curb the powers of the house of burgesses. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z The mayor, the only member of the corporation, whose sole duty was the holding of the assize of bread and ale, was chosen by the burgesses and presented at the court leet for confirmation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" The first mention of Bishop Stortford as a borough occurs in 1311, in which year the burgesses returned two members to parliament. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The knights and burgesses thus chosen, as well as the clergy within the province of Canterbury, met at Northampton; those within the province of York, at that city. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The burgess, whether plaintiff or defendant, was a privileged person, and could claim in this respect a “benefit” somewhat similar to the benefit of clergy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" When the governor dissolved the burgesses, the members met in a private house and drew up a non-importation agreement. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the town obtained a charter, and this was confirmed by James I., who added the privilege of sending two burgesses to the Irish parliament. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" Queen Elizabeth in 1563 constituted the town a free borough and the burgesses a body corporate, granting at the same time two fairs and a Saturday market. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The burgesses, dissatisfied with this inquest, prevailed that another should be taken, which certainly answered better their wishes. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The new freeman in return for his privileges was bound to share with the other burgesses all the burdens of taxation, control, &c., which fell upon burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" He brought out instructions by which the inhabitants of each place and plantation were to elect two burgesses, who were to meet at Jamestown in a general assembly. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z James I. in 1609 confirmed these privileges, giving the burgesses the right to be called a body corporate and to elect twelve aldermen and a common council of twenty-four. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" Although the town was evidently a borough by the 13th century, since the burgesses are mentioned as early as 1292, it has no charter earlier than the incorporation charter granted by Queen Elizabeth in 1572. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" But "many boroughs and towns in England have burgesses by prescription, that never were incorporated." View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Thus in 1466 the privilege of importing and exporting merchandise was confined to freemen, burgesses and their factors. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The large plantation owners, who were almost all members of the Established Church, were in control of the house of burgesses. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z Five years later, when he began to have trouble with the colonists the people of Woodstock instructed their burgess to get the name of their county changed to Shenandoah. Legends of the Skyline Drive and the Great Valley of Virginia Why do they talk and talk about owners and occupiers and burgesses in England and the growth of autonomous institutions when the city, the great city, is here crying out to be cleansed? From Sea to Sea Letters of Travel Sometimes an elected burgess absolutely refused to go to parliament, and drove his constituents to a fresh choice. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Over these burgesses the lords could claim jurisdictional rights, and these were in some cases increased by royal grants of special rights within certain “sokes.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The governing body in a borough is the council elected by the burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance" The borough was represented by two members in the parliament of 1295, but in the following year was disfranchised, on the petition of the burgesses, on account of the expense of sending members. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 1 "Edwardes" to "Ehrenbreitstein" He then explains how burgesses were elected, and in tones of deep fervour announces, "Commissioners of Sewers are elected in the same way." From Sea to Sea Letters of Travel The Lords' committee extenuate the presumption that either knights or burgesses sat in any of these parliaments. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Besides the great co-operative strongholds in which many lords had burgesses, there were small boroughs held by a single lord. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" These auditors are three in number—two of them elected annually by the burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance" In passing through Salford an address was presented by the Mayor, Aldermen, and burgesses of that borough, in the Reading Room of the Royal Museum. Speeches and Addresses of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales: 1863-1888 The burgesses of Droitwich are mentioned in the Domesday Survey, but they probably only had certain franchises in connexion with the salt trade. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 7 "Drama" to "Dublin" But the burgesses are not mentioned in this. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Personal service was not always necessary, and in some towns there were many non-resident burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The qualification of a burgess has been incidentally mentioned in connexion with that of a county elector, and need not be further noticed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance" Marmosets pull at the pompous gowns Of burgesses. A Pushcart at the Curb “Do on the doublet I bought you to be made burgess in, and don’t you shame this day.” Rewards and Fairies Henry III. had previously granted a charter to the burgesses of Lubec, that they should "not be arrested for the debt of any of their countrymen, unless the magistrates of Lubec neglected to compel payment." View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The early charters contain the usual privileges of holding a market, of exemption from toll or tribute, and that distraint will be allowed only for the burgess’s own debts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The town was incorporated in 1467 by Edward IV., who granted a gild merchant and appointed that the town should be governed by a mayor and two serjeants-at-mace elected every year by the burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" That when the company was dissolved, the king continued the same method of government, by a governor, council and burgesses; which three being united were called the general assembly. The History of Virginia, in Four Parts With one thing and another, and my being made a burgess of Rye, I never clapped eyes on him for the next twenty years. Rewards and Fairies Sometimes they belonged to different lords, and sometimes the same burgess paid customs to one master, while he was under the jurisdiction of another. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Three head courts were held in the year, at which all burgesses were obliged to attend, and at which public business was done and private transactions were ratified. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Three weeks after the battle he, still provost of St Giles, was admitted a burgess of Edinburgh, his father, the “Great Earl,” being then civil provost of the capital. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" They further defray the charge of the writs, for the meeting of the house of burgesses, public expresses, and such like. The History of Virginia, in Four Parts That was the year I was made a burgess of Rye—the same year which King Philip sent his ships to take England without Frankie’s leave.’ Rewards and Fairies At the time of the Conquest, as has been mentioned above, such voluntary incorporations of the burgesses possessed in some towns either landed property of their own, or rights of superiority over that of others. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 There were three classes of burgesses—burgesses in sua arte, members of one or other of the corporations; burgesses who were gild brothers; and simple burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The first charter of incorporation, granted by James I. in 1610, established a governing council of two bailiffs and 423 fifteen capital burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" The laws having duly passed the house of burgesses, the council, and the governor's assent, they are transmitted to the king by the next shipping for his approbation, his majesty having another negative voice. The History of Virginia, in Four Parts To get this money they sold freedom to their slaves, immunity from vexatious feudal rights to their serfs, privileges and charters to their burgesses. Women of Mediæval France Woman: in all ages and in all countries Vol. 5 (of 10) No historian speaks of representatives appearing for the people, or uses the word citizen or burgess in describing those present in parliament. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The minutes were to be open to the inspection of any burgess, and an audit of accounts was required. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Edward II. granted the borough to the bailiffs and burgesses at a fee-farm rent of �20 for five years, and the grant was renewed in perpetuity by Edward III. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" From this office are likewise issued all writs for choosing of burgesses, and in it are filed authentic copies of all proclamations. The History of Virginia, in Four Parts With the citizens of Arras she exchanges courteous greetings and gifts; cloths, wine, fish, come to her from the townspeople; and she invites to her table the burgesses and their wives. Women of Mediæval France Woman: in all ages and in all countries Vol. 5 (of 10) This town set forth in the eighteenth of Edward III. that, among other franchises granted to them by a charter of Athelstan, they had ever since exercised the right of sending two burgesses to parliament. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The first were erected by royal charter, and every burgess held direct of the crown. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Objection was also made to the burgesses appearing to represent Captain Martin's patent, because they were, by its terms, exempted from any obligation to obey the laws of the colony. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia A tower is mentioned in 1487 when it was granted away by the burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" I had better lay the case before the burgesses. Maid Sally These were previously agreed upon by the king and lords, and copies given, one to the knights, another to the burgesses. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Losing their place in the national scheme of defence, the burgess “cnihts” made commerce their principal object under the encouragement of the old privileges of the walled place. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The number of burgesses present at the session commencing in March, 1659, was thirty. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia An ordinance of Edward IV., made in the borough of Wells, provided that both male and female apprentices to burgesses should themselves become burgesses at the expiration of their term of service. Women of England When they reached Camelot they took lodging privately with a rich burgess of the town, that none might know them. Historic Tales, Vol 14 (of 15) The Romance of Reality The proper constituents therefore of the citizens and burgesses in parliament appear to have been—1. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Not all these privileges were enjoyed by all boroughs; some very meagre releases of seignorial rights accompanied the lord’s charter which created a borough and made burgesses out of villeins. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The burgesses replied, that they could not see any such prohibition contained in Magna Charta; that two former assemblies had passed such a law, and that it had stood in force upwards of ten years. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The burgesses generally found it to their interest to become members of the guild, and all townsmen of importance were traders. Women of England Old writers, each in turn, set up their wail that the time was come when you could not tell Jack from his master, the burgess from the knight. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 4 "Coquelin" to "Costume" By what persons the election of burgesses was usually made is a question of great obscurity, which is still occasionally debated before committees of parliament. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The English settlement obviously depended on the advantages which the burgesses possessed over the native population outside. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" A burgess was required to rise from his seat, and to remain uncovered, while speaking. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Ecclesiastics and women might also be members of the guild, but they were, of course, debarred from becoming burgesses. Women of England As for the London burgesses, their knife-chapes, girdles and pouches are in clean silver. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 4 "Coquelin" to "Costume" Two hundred citizens and burgesses sat in the parliament held by Edward I. in his twenty-third year, the earliest epoch of acknowledged representation. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 By charter of 1686 369 James II. incorporated the town under a mayor, 6 aldermen, and 26 burgesses, granted three new fairs and confirmed the old fair and market. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The oath was administered to the burgesses by a committee of three sent from the council. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia They would not let thee shoot at Kirkcudbright for the Siller Gun though thou art a burgess, because it were no fair game. The Men of the Moss-Hags Being a history of adventure taken from the papers of William Gordon of Earlstoun in Galloway The rights of the burgesses seem to have been undefined, for frequent commissions attest to encroachments on the rights of warren, forest and wreckage belonging to the royal manor. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 4 "Coquelin" to "Costume" The guild mentioned above at Canterbury was, in all probability, a voluntary association: so at Dover we find the burgesses' guildhall, gihalla burgensium. p. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 By far the larger part of the criminals dealt with at the King’s ‘justice aires’ were men of good position, barons and landowners, burgesses or provosts of burghs. Border Raids and Reivers In July, some difference occurred between the governor and council on the one side, and the house of burgesses on the other, relative to the election of speaker. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Hence the terms “burgh,” “borough” in English, baurgs in Gothic, the earliest Germanic designations for a town; “burgher,” “burgess” for its inhabitants. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 7 "Columbus" to "Condottiere" Noble gentlemen, burgesses, and honest inhabitants of this town! which of you has seen, which of you knows that cowardly knave Ignatius Zwirina? Pretty Michal A subsidy was granted at this parliament; so that, if the citizens and burgesses were really not summoned, it is by far the most violent stretch of power during the reign of Edward III. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 “What will he do!” is whispered from the white and agitated lips of the trembling burgesses. Hansford: A Tale of Bacon's Rebellion The burgesses having rescinded the order admitting the governor and council as members of the house, and having voted an adjournment, Matthews, on the 1st of April, 1658, declared a dissolution of the assembly. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia All that might be required besides would be a common for the pasture of the burgesses’ cattle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 7 "Columbus" to "Condottiere" The conrector, Ignatius Zwirina the younger, expressed the satisfaction felt by all the burgesses at having a sheriff whose wise and firm administration would serve as an example to all his successors. Pretty Michal Without the formality of this writ a very few instances of towns remunerating their burgesses for attendance in parliament are known to have occurred in later times. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Here, too, were the burgesses congregated at the call of the Governor, who, with their stately wives and blooming daughters, contributed to the delight of the metropolitan society. Hansford: A Tale of Bacon's Rebellion In this year, 1656, Colonel Thomas Dew, of Nansemond, sometime before speaker of the house of burgesses, and others, were authorized to explore the country between Cape Hatteras and Cape Fear. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia When the borough originated is not known, but Domesday Book mentions two hundred and seventy-six burgesses and land in commune burgensium, a phrase that may point to a nascent municipal corporation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 6 "Cockaigne" to "Columbus, Christopher" The first row of pews was assigned to the wives of eminent burgesses who had held office in the town. Pretty Michal It is certain that for many years burgesses were elected in the county courts, and apparently by delegates from the boroughs, who were authorised by their fellow-burgesses to elect representatives for them in parliament. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 And now they are drawn up in bristling column before the hall of the assembly, while the windows are crowded thick with the pale, anxious faces of the astounded burgesses. Hansford: A Tale of Bacon's Rebellion Next he proceeded to the neighboring plantation of Captain Ralph Wormley, at that time burgess from York County, and member of his majesty's council. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia As for respecting the race, and, above all, that fatuous rabble of burgesses called “the public,” God save me from such irreligion!—that way lies disgrace and dishonour. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 24 (of 25) To appease the sea-god, the burgesses found it necessary to impose a threefold punishment on their wives. The Position of Woman in Primitive Society A Study of the Matriarchy But an election by delegates chosen for that purpose by the burgesses at large is very different from one by the governing part of the community. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The burgesses look in wild alarm at each other. Hansford: A Tale of Bacon's Rebellion The governor then addressed the gentlemen of the council, Mr. Speaker, and the gentlemen of the house of burgesses. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The 2nd Earl Baldwin granted to the burgesses the tolls of the fair at St Faith and common of pasture in certain meads. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" An assembly was called of the burgesses, both men and women, for it was then the custom to let the women take part in the public councils. The Position of Woman in Primitive Society A Study of the Matriarchy The burgesses, the tenants, the resiants of the king's burghs and manors in ancient demesne, owed neither suit nor service to the hundred leet. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 He had one of these Rhetoricians burnt for a wizard, and along with him some wealthy burgesses, and even a few knights. La Sorcière: The Witch of the Middle Ages The burgesses, at their own expense, sent to their counties copies of the resolution adopted against the Boston port bill, in order that it should be ratified by the people. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Christchurch was governed by a bailiff in the 13th century, and was not incorporated till 1670, when the government was vested in a mayor and 24 capital burgesses, but this charter was shortly abandoned. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" As the deserted demagogue was dragged forth through the fire and smoke, still loth to yield, a son of the burgess whom he had stricken dead ran forward and stabbed him in the side. Old and New London Volume I We do not find that the citizens and burgesses were summoned to either parliament. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 The medieval burgesses and the small peasant proprietors were the precursors of the modern bourgeoisie. Manifesto of the Communist Party The first of June was observed as set apart by the house of burgesses. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Five London burgesses are described in a group, and a Nun and Priest3 are mentioned as in attendance on the Prioress. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The wily prelate then, finding the great demagogue was still followed by dangerous and threatening crowds, appointed two burgesses and other spies to watch Fitzosbert, and, when it was possible, to apprehend him. Old and New London Volume I But whether in the more peaceable times of Edward I. the citizens or burgesses were recognised as essential parties to every legislative measure, may, as I have shown, be open to much doubt. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 I know not how you bishops may struggle, but I am much deluded if a great part of the knights and burgesses would not be glad to see this alteration.” Curiosities of Literature, Vol. 3 In 1621 a government was established, consisting of a governor, council, and house of burgesses, elected by the freeholders. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia In 1524 Charles, first earl of Worcester and then lord of the Marches, granted a new charter of incorporation to the bailiffs and burgesses of the town, which had fallen into decay. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" From the turret window the King could hear the town bell ringing, and see the gathering of the burgesses of Perth, the friends of their Provost, Gowrie. James VI and the Gowrie Mystery Then, says Joinville, the poor knight was not at all confounded, but seized hold of the burgess fast by the collar, and told him he should not go till he had ransomed himself. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3 Whoso has six horses in the stable is a freeholder, and he sits next to the burgomaster in the tavern and is a burgess. The German Classics of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Masterpieces of German Literature Vol. 19 Colonel Syme had represented the County of Hanover in the house of burgesses. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia This was sustained until the reign of Charles II., when, some dispute arising between the earl of Bridgwater and the burgesses, no bailiff was appointed and the charter lapsed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Unfortunately it is contradicted by all the evidence now to be obtained, from whatever source it comes, retainers of Gowrie, companions of James, or burgesses of p. 91Perth. James VI and the Gowrie Mystery “Alas!” said the pitiful burgesses, “if she knew what we know she would be dressed in black.” Legends & Romances of Brittany III: there being still extant writs of that date, to summon knights, citizens, and burgesses to parliament. Commentaries on the Laws of England Book the First The college was also allowed to return a burgess to the assembly. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Later charters were granted by various sovereigns, and it was incorporated by Elizabeth in 1598 under the style of a mayor, 6 brethren and 12 capital burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Or Gowrie might have stood in the streets of Perth, and summoned his burgesses in arms. James VI and the Gowrie Mystery There is no special reference to it in the list of burgesses named in 1619. The First Seventeen Years: Virginia 1607-1624 And this abstract of the proceedings at elections of knights, citizens, and burgesses, concludes our enquiries into the laws and customs more peculiarly relative to the house of commons. Commentaries on the Laws of England Book the First The clerk of the general assembly was ordered to wait upon the house of burgesses and inform them that his excellency commanded their immediate attendance on him in the council chamber. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Hang me, if you will, to-morrow; but to-day show yourself divested of the scruple of the burgess, and sit down pleasantly to share my meal.” The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 5 (of 25) The right of election was in the burgesses at large, of whom there were at that time one thousand. East Anglia Personal Recollections and Historical Associations But the sufferings of the Huguenot burgess were not ended when he was once more in his own house. History of the Rise of the Huguenots Volume 2 As for the electors of citizens and burgesses, these are supposed to be the mercantile part or trading interest of this kingdom. Commentaries on the Laws of England Book the First The governors managed to evade the king's instructions, and by official patronage to silence the opposition of the council, and even to hold the burgesses in check. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia All this tended to enlarge the political views of the burgesses, and was not without its influence on the future. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" The Double Life The Stage represents a room in the Deacon’s house, furnished partly as a sitting-, partly as a bed-room, in the style of an easy burgess of about 1780. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, Volume XV The nobles and country gentlemen, never too provident in their habits, soon exhausted their ready funds, with their crowd of hungry retainers, and became a more pitiable class than even the burgesses. History of the Rise of the Huguenots Volume 2 The universities were in general not empowered to send burgesses to parliament; though once, in 28 Edw. Commentaries on the Laws of England Book the First This happened to be one of the acts repealed by the crown under subsequent protest of the house of burgesses; and another act of incorporation was not applied for until about 1762-63. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia On the 17th of September the burgesses introduced a bill proposing a new constitution, which was to include local self-government in the towns, the abolition of serfdom, and the formation of a national army. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" Yet it was once a walled city; thriving, full of furred burgesses and men in armour, humming with affairs;—with tall spires, for aught that I know, and portly towers along the battlements. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson Swanston Edition Vol. 6 (of 25) Parliament registered the edict; the people surrendered their arms—the poor receiving the estimated value of the weapons, the tradesmen and burgesses a ticket to secure their future restoration. History of the Rise of the Huguenots Volume 2 Many burgesses not only were as wealthy as councilors, they were their social equals. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 Mr. Randolph, being speaker of the house of burgesses, did not attend that congress, and Mr. Jefferson accordingly took his place. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia On the 10th of October a deputation from the clergy and burgesses proceeded to the Council House where the Rigsraad were deliberating, to demand an answer to their propositions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" The early days of his commercial career were comparatively prosperous, and he found time to serve the borough of Stratford in many offices, including those of ale-taster, burgess, petty constable, borough chamberlain, and chief alderman. William Shakespeare His Homes and Haunts The Roman Catholic burgesses of Rouen even proclaimed a conditional loyalty. History of the Rise of the Huguenots Volume 2 True, the colonial voters elected only the burgesses, but that single choice was an important guarantee of their rights, since the House of Burgesses was the strongest political body in Virginia. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 He was a man of learning, and representative of Augusta in the house of burgesses, and voted for Henry's resolutions of 1765; was a member of the conventions of 1776 and 1788. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The nobility at first claimed exemption from taxation altogether, while the clergy and burgesses insisted upon an absolute equality of taxation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" It boasted bailiff, aldermen, burgesses and chamberlains, and the council met every month in the Guild Hall. William Shakespeare His Homes and Haunts He was a member of the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety and a burgess in the Assembly, but later he gave himself entirely to Congress. Benjamin Franklin The burgesses' powers, as proclaimed by Richard Bland, became the fundamental argument by Virginians against royal encroachment upon what they believed were their rights. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 He was a burgess from Charlotte in 1765, and appears to have voted against Henry's resolutions. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia In 1337 Edward III. on the petition of the burgesses granted that they might have two bailiffs instead of one. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" They also ordered every burgess to provide himself with a bucket. William Shakespeare His Homes and Haunts He became a surveyor, was elected a burgess, and appointed a justice of the Fairfax County court. The Fairfax County Courthouse The burgesses accused Dinwiddie of usurping a right not his in order to line his pockets. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 In his twenty-fifth year Mr. Lee was appointed a justice of the peace, and shortly afterwards elected a burgess for his county. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia In 1680 the burgesses were obliged to resign their charters, and received a new one, which did not, however, alter the government of the town. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" The burgesses and citizens were not slow to return these blows, and a fierce battle was commenced. Robin Hood In earlier Saxon times women who were freeholders of lands or burgesses in towns had the same electoral rights as men. History of Woman Suffrage, Volume III Such a plan would have raised the ire of Richard Henry Lee, but the burgess from Westmoreland was sitting out this supposedly "short, uneventful meeting." The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 Bacon with his followers returned to their homes, and he was shortly after elected one of the burgesses for the County of Henrico. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Derby was incorporated by James I. in 1611 under the name of the bailiffs and burgesses of Derby, but Charles I. in 1637 appointed a mayor, nine aldermen, fourteen brethren and fourteen capital burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" "Some say that the King will establish an assize of arms on his return from France, whereby every knight, freeholder, and burgess must arm himself for England's defense," continued the clerk, easily. Robin Hood The subject of their return was brought before parliament, and amended by joining other persons with Mrs. Copley in the right of returning burgesses for Gratton. History of Woman Suffrage, Volume III With the tobacco laws revised and the loan scheme defeated and only routine legislation in committee, most burgesses left town. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 He was of the king's council and speaker of the house of burgesses, and was, in fortune and understanding, inferior to no man of his time in the country. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia There are numerous instances of servants, who, after serving their term of indenture, became burgesses, justices, etc. Patrician and Plebeian Or The Origin and Development of the Social Classes of the Old Dominion Whilst I am preparing my fellows, there is a chance for all honest citizens and burgesses to earn a fair sum. Robin Hood The nobility warlike, the burgesses increasing in importance, and the laboring population vacillating between these two classes, who alternately oppressed and courted it, from time to time, here as everywhere, fought for supremacy. Great Men and Famous Women. Vol. 5 A series of pen and pencil sketches of the lives of more than 200 of the most prominent personages in History It was a mark of the Virginia legislatures, both the burgesses and the conventions, that once a decision was made, opposition ceased and the delegates went forward together. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 No open resistance was offered to the Two Penny Act; but the greater number of clergy petitioned the house of burgesses to grant them a more liberal provision for their maintenance. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Dinwiddie's account of the obstinacy and unreasonable conduct of the burgesses should be studied in conjunction with the journals of the House which have recently been published. Patrician and Plebeian Or The Origin and Development of the Social Classes of the Old Dominion The burgesses of Poole claimed that the castle was a national defence, of which they were the hereditary custodians. Bournemouth, Poole & Christchurch Sixteen of the nobles, with many barons, gentlemen, burgesses, and ministers, did, after hearing said proclamation, cause Mr. Johnston read a protest against the same. Biographia Scoticana (Scots Worthies) A Brief Historical Account of the Lives, Characters, and Memorable Transactions of the Most Eminent Scots Worthies From the day in 1738 when he became Speaker of the House and Treasurer of Virginia until his death in 1766, Robinson quietly and efficiently built the power and influence of the burgesses. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 In evidence of the excitement and suspicion then prevailing, it was observed that some of the burgesses wore distinctive badges; a hundred years afterwards the opposite parties walked on opposite sides of the street. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Not infrequently they became burgesses, justices, or even members of the Council after a few years' residence only, taking their place quite naturally by the side of those that had come over previously. Patrician and Plebeian Or The Origin and Development of the Social Classes of the Old Dominion It was not until the reign of the third Edward that the burgesses were relieved from these uncertain and arbitrary exactions. Bournemouth, Poole & Christchurch In it the county members—or knights of the shire—sat side by side with the burgesses of the towns. A Student's History of England, v. 1 (of 3) From the earliest times to the Death of King Edward VII As the burgesses gained the ascendancy over the council, the house became, in the words of Carl Bridenbaugh, "the tobacco gentry club". The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 On the seventh day of September the council sent to the burgesses a review of some of their resolutions reflecting upon them, and the governor, and the preceding assembly. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Bishop and Portreeve: the two chief officers of the City, one ruling for the Church, the other a civil ruler. charter: a writing confirming or granting privileges. burghers or burgesses: citizens of a borough. The History of London Please accept this admiring address from the Mayor and burgesses and apprentices and all the rest of it, of Whereyouwantogoto.’ The Magic World Sometimes, however, a person is admitted a burgess without fee, because of the usefulness of his trade or profession, and occasionally as now the honour was conferred on some one of high rank or reputation. The Celtic Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, December 1875 A Monthly Periodical Devoted to the Literature, History, Antiquities, Folk Lore, Traditions, and the Social and Material Interests of the Celt at Home and Abroad Mostly planters and burgesses from the James and York river basins, they included a few of their heirs who had built substantial plantations on the Piedmont. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 A dispute also occurred between the governor and the burgesses relative to the removal of the court of James City County from Jamestown to Williamsburg. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia In the middle distance, burgesses and sad-faced women look on at the martyrdom, and in the background a distant street, filled with soldiers, leads steeply up to a ruined classic building, not unlike the Colosseum. Luca Signorelli The old Swedish system of four Estates, or orders—the nobles, the clergy, the burgesses, and the peasantry—was retained. Through Finland in Carts It will be noticed that the newly admitted burgess is to maintain and defend the true religion presently preached within this kingdom. The Celtic Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, December 1875 A Monthly Periodical Devoted to the Literature, History, Antiquities, Folk Lore, Traditions, and the Social and Material Interests of the Celt at Home and Abroad The third was a new element—burgesses from recently established frontier counties who had the ambition, drive, and determination to make good which were characteristics of the late 17th Century founders of the great families. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 Under it the house of burgesses claimed, as undoubted rights, freedom of speech, exemption from arrests, protection of their estates, jurisdiction over their own body, and the sole right of determining all questions concerning elections. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia There is supposed to be a Burgess, but like most burgesses he is a shadowy and mythical personage. The Johnstown Horror!!! or, Valley of Death, being A Complete and Thrilling Account of the Awful Floods and Their Appalling Ruin His first attempt was to induce the people of Ghent to join the insurrection, but its rich burgesses preferred French rule to that of the Count of Flanders. The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07 Almost every newly elected burgess had to treat the Magistrates and Town Council to cake and wine, and sometimes to something more substantial, and also to give certain fees to the burgh officers. The Celtic Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, December 1875 A Monthly Periodical Devoted to the Literature, History, Antiquities, Folk Lore, Traditions, and the Social and Material Interests of the Celt at Home and Abroad Though they remembered their own interests, the burgesses believed they were bound to respect and protect those of others. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 The assembly met every year, composed of two burgesses from each county. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia There was also a large enclosure called the common land, on which all burgesses or citizens had a right to feed so many cattle, sheep, or horses. The Toilers of the Field A charter from James I. dated 1622 instituted two bailiffs, fourteen capital burgesses, four justices of the peace, a high steward and under steward, two serjeants-at-mace and a court of record. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" The first burgesses probably obtained their privileges from him. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" When Randolph made these remarks, he was telling the burgesses what they already knew and at a time when there were no pressing public issues. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 The vengeance of the government fell heavily upon Major Robert Beverley, clerk of the house of burgesses, as the chief instigator of these disturbances. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries they fostered trade and industry by affording due protection to the burgesses and forcing the princes to follow a policy in accordance with the interests of the country. Belgium From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day Charles I. in 1641 changed the corporation to a mayor, seven aldermen and seven burgesses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" He also confirmed the privileges granted by his father to the burgesses of Barnard Castle, and was succeeded by his son Eustace. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" This was not a fee, it was a tax, and only the burgesses could initiate a tax on Virginians. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 The governor next mentioned to the house that he had commissioned some of her majesty's honorable council to administer the oath to the burgesses. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Though, in some instances, the new towns received their privileges from the princes, who rather encouraged than opposed their development, the burgesses were frequently obliged to fight in order to obtain their liberty. Belgium From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day As early as Domesday, where it is several times mentioned, there were forty burgesses within the town and nine without, who rendered 40s. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" The lower chamber consists of 73 popular representatives, of whom 24 are elected by the burgesses of certain towns and 49 by the rural communities. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The ultimate outcome, which resulted in a compromise by the crown, satisfactory to both Dinwiddie and the burgesses, is not as important as the constitutional argument put forth by the burgesses. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 These gentlemen returning to the council chamber, the clerk of the assembly was ordered to wait again upon the house of burgesses, and acquaint them that his excellency commanded their immediate attendance on him. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The burgesses kept up the struggle for two centuries, until they succeeded in taking from the bishops every shred of temporal power and in obtaining the entire control of the city. Belgium From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day The later charter states that the burgesses should have customs similar to those granted to London, and further charters confirmed the same right. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" No man of the Roman Catholic faith could be elected as a burgess, or even cast a vote. The Faith of Our Fathers The author of these resolves was Richard Bland, a tough-minded burgess from Prince George County, descendant of one of the colony's oldest families. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 The twenty-five counties of the Ancient Dominion were under a government consisting of a governor and twelve councillors appointed by the king, and fifty burgesses elected by the freeholders. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The origin of the old house is obscure, and its earlier history lost, but it seems to have been founded about 1135 by Henry Frost, a burgess of Cambridge. St. John's College, Cambridge James I., by a charter dated 1610, increased the number of chief burgesses to twenty-five and instituted a recorder, a clerk of the market, justices of the peace and other officers. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" First came Christmastide, with all Master Shakespeare's fellow burgesses to dine and the house agog with preparation. A Warwickshire Lad The Story of the Boyhood of William Shakespeare One of the earliest graduates of the College of William and Mary to achieve a major position in the burgesses, he was one of the most widely read. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 Some of the burgesses also wrote to the king, setting forth the circumstances of the outbreak. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia No wonder he was popular with the farmers and peasants of his countryside and with the thrifty burgesses of his town. Suspended Judgments Essays on Books and Sensations In Edward II.'s reign the burgesses petitioned for the restoration of rights bestowed by a pretended charter from Athelstan. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" The burgesses, or citizens, before this period, were a very respectable body, patriotic and sagacious. Ancient States and Empires Unlike the Pistole Fee, which touched most directly the larger planters and the burgesses, the Parsons' Cause enflamed the entire populace. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 The democratic spirit of this assembly displayed itself in a law "enabling freemen to vote for burgesses;" and another making the church vestries eligible by the freemen of the parish, once in three years. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia All this it did; but it could not make men fight less with one another, nor tyrannize less cruelly over the serfs, and when they were able, over burgesses. The Subjection of Women He became an Edinburgh merchant and was admitted a burgess in 1587. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" These clients, as the aristocracy increased in wealth and power, became parasites and beggars, and undermined the burgess class, and controlled the Comitia. Ancient States and Empires Governor Fauquier suggested that many burgesses were not satisfied with the remonstrance against the Stamp Act in December. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 Accordingly in the following year the assembly met, but still adhering to a rigid economy, the burgesses refused to make any appropriation of money for that purpose. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The emancipated serfs and burgesses, even in their most vigorous struggles, never made any pretension to a share of authority; they only demanded more or less of limitation to the power of tyrannizing over them. The Subjection of Women Workmanship of about the fourteenth century; use unknown; but it has been employed for sealing burgess letters for many years past, until 1847. Notes and Queries, Number 203, September 17, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. But gradually, a rabble of clients grew up on footing equality with these independent burgesses. Ancient States and Empires Only 39 of the 119 elected burgesses were sitting on May 29, 1765 when Patrick Henry introduced and George Johnston seconded seven resolutions for consideration by the house. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 He was a burgess of the assembly, and afterwards a distinguished member of the convention of 1776. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Those that came from counties were called knights, and those from the towns burgesses. Charles I Makers of History One of the burgesses called upon the Intendant, threw himself at his feet, and prayed to be delivered from the dragoons. The Huguenots in France A decay of a warlike spirit was observable from the time the burgesses converted war into a traffic in plunder. Ancient States and Empires One was 29, the other 65; one was a first-time burgess, the other a veteran member. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 He afterwards settled in Nansemond, Virginia, and for many years was burgess thereof; from which it appears that he must have renounced the Romish religion. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The head is to call the body together; and for the clergy the bishops are chief, for shires their knights, for towns and cities their burgesses and citizens. Charles I Makers of History He chose six members from the burgesses, six from the Parlement and six from the university, to form his Council, and with daring confidence, decided to arm Paris. The Story of Paris In the year 502 of the city, the Roman burgesses in Italy numbered two hundred and ninety-eight thousand men capable of bearing arms. Ancient States and Empires By the time the burgesses reassembled other colonies had formed non-importation agreements and were boycotting British goods. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 He was re-elected for several years, his colleague for the greater part of that time being Benjamin Harrison, Jr., of Berkley, whom Mr. Tyler succeeded as speaker of the house of burgesses. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The inventories of personal property belonging to burgesses in the Middle Ages, contain frequent allusions to such rings, without which they would have felt shorn of an important part of their head-earned honours. Rambles of an Archaeologist Among Old Books and in Old Places Being Papers on Art, in Relation to Archaeology, Painting, Art-Decoration, and Art-Manufacture Noble and burgess, freeman and serf, harnessed themselves like beasts of burden to the ropes and drew the stone from the quarry. The Story of Paris The government no longer disposed of the property of burgesses for the public good, nor favored the idea among them that they were exempted from taxes. Ancient States and Empires On May 27th the burgesses reassembled informally in Raleigh Tavern, elected Speaker Randolph to be their moderator, and formed an association which was signed by 89 burgesses. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 In the year 1653 there were fourteen counties in Virginia, Surry being now mentioned for the first time, and the number of burgesses was thirty-four. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia The city gates were thrown open, and the burgesses then perceived their error, but too late to remedy it. The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09 In the eleventh century burgesses as well as serfs and Jews were given to churches, exchanged, sold or left in wills by their seigneurs. The Story of Paris And in consequence of the law, there was, in six years, an increase of burgesses capable of bearing arms, of seventy-six thousand. Ancient States and Empires At the urging of Richard Henry Lee, the most ardent exponent of intercolonial action, the burgesses issued a call for the other colonies to join in a Continental Congress. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 He had repeatedly been returned as one of the burgesses of his county during the Commonwealth of England. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Page 58.—The petition of the burgesses of Stratford-on-Avon for relief of burdens shows that the borough had fallen into decay through the decline in the wool trade. Shakespeare's Family The story of medi�val Paris is the story of the efforts of serf and burgess to win their economic freedom. The Story of Paris He then, to gain the people and secure material power, enacted that every burgess should be allowed, monthly, a definite quantity of corn from the public stores at about half the average price. Ancient States and Empires Dunmore vacillated, first agreeing, then disagreeing to allow the burgesses in. The Road to Independence: Virginia 1763-1783 There had now been no election of burgesses since the restoration, in 1660, the same legislature since that time having continued, to hold its sessions by prorogation. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Seeing that the master of Stratford-on-Avon Grammar School had £20 a year, it is probable that the burgesses had a better selection of scholars as candidates. Shakespeare's Family In Lincoln Church, in Holland as aforementioned, and in Northampton, he faced angry clerks and laymen, knights and men at arms, and burgesses with equal vigour, and excommunicated them. Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln A Short Story of One of the Makers of Mediaeval England On the day when the burgesses assembled with a view to reject the measure which Gracchus had previously secured, he appeared with a large body of adherents. Ancient States and Empires As for our artist, he is a burgess among burgesses,—a man of the people par excellence, and an Englishman above all. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 15, No. 87, January, 1865 He married Elizabeth, daughter of Louis Burwell, of Gloucester; was a lawyer, and speaker of the house of burgesses. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia He must have been educated at the Stratford Grammar School, free to the sons of the burgesses, a high-class school for the time. Shakespeare's Family A name in old times for the inhabitants of the Cinque Ports; the burgesses of Ipswich are also so called. The Sailor's Word-Book An Alphabetical Digest of Nautical Terms, including Some More Especially Military and Scientific, but Useful to Seamen; as well as Archaisms of Early Voyagers, etc. The claims of the Italian allies were disregarded, the noblest of all the schemes of the late tribune, that of securing legal equality between the Roman burgesses and their Italian allies. Ancient States and Empires As a member of the Virginia house of burgesses, he was assiduous, punctual, and faithful. Washington and the American Republic, Vol. 3. Some of the burgesses were disposed to acquiesce in the proposed arrangement; but it was rejected upon a member's relating Æsop's fable of the sick lion and the fox. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia Each family had a pew at each side of the church, while there was not room for the burgesses' wives to sit or kneel in. Shakespeare's Family No one could tell when the retainers of the abbey came to lose their exemption from local taxation and to pay the town penny to the alderman like the rest of the burgesses. Stray Studies from England and Italy He made great military reforms, changing the burgess levy into a system of enlistments, and allowing every free-born citizen to enlist. Ancient States and Empires The assembly was composed of the Governor, the privy counsellors and the burgesses. The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11 The number of burgesses to represent each county was limited to two; the number of magistrates to twelve. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia On September 8 of that year the funeral of the old burgess took place at Stratford-on-Avon, but there is no trace now left of any sepulchral monument or memorial of any kind. Shakespeare's Family "Had Kebel been a dweller within the borough," said the burgesses, "he would have got his acquittal from the oaths of his neighbours, as our liberty is." Stray Studies from England and Italy They did not belong to the class of burgesses. Ancient States and Empires Objections were also made to the burgesses appearing to represent Captain Martin's patent, because they were, by its terms, exempted from any obligation to obey the laws of the colony. The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11 Her majesty, at the same time, renewed the requisition formerly made by the crown for an appropriation in aid of the defences of New York; but the burgesses still steadily refused. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia "We have always been willing subjects of your predecessors," wrote the burgesses and clergy of Dublin to Ralph, archbishop of Canterbury, when the see was vacant in 1121. St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh The "rep-silver," the commutation for that old service of reaping in the abbot's fields, had ceased to be exacted from the richer burgesses. Stray Studies from England and Italy On his assassination, the allies, who outnumbered the Roman burgesses, and who had vainly been seeking citizenship, found that they must continue without political rights, or fight, and they made accordingly vast preparations for war. Ancient States and Empires Owing to the heat of the weather several of the burgesses fell sick and one died, and thus the Governor was obliged abruptly, on August 4th, to prorogue the Assembly till March 1st. The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11 He succeeded Speaker Robinson in the chair of the house of burgesses in 1766, and continued to preside over that body until it was superseded by the conventions. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia It is not without a feeling of humiliation that a burgess of the once proud port of Hythe can watch the process of the occasional importation of household coal. Faces and Places The Commons disbelieved them, and bade the burgesses inspect the documents. Stray Studies from England and Italy The attack of Drusus on the equestrian courts, and his sudden downfall, had sown the bitterest discord between the aristocracy and the burgess class. Ancient States and Empires These appeals to the free and enlightened burgesses whose suffrages he solicited met Brent on every side, and especially on the day of the election. In the Mayor's Parlour He accumulated a large estate, and became a member of the house of burgesses and of the council. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia As the king's voice was stronger than that of the burgesses, the clergy felt that they had an excellent case, and they brought a lawsuit to recover their claims. Historical Tales, Vol. 2 (of 15) The Romance of Reality Their next step shows what were the grievances which had driven the burgesses to this fierce outbreak of revolt. Stray Studies from England and Italy The absurd custom by which a consul, prætor, or tribune, could propose to the burgesses any measure he pleased, and carry it without debate, was in itself enough to overturn any constitution. Ancient States and Empires I am a burgess, a resident, and a property-owner in the town. In the Mayor's Parlour One of the sons was George, author of the constitution of Virginia, and the other, Thomson Mason, a member of the house of burgesses, an eminent lawyer, and true patriot. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia This continued till one of the burgesses came to the window and waved his handkerchief, calling out, "You shall have it; you shall have it." Historical Tales, Vol. 2 (of 15) The Romance of Reality Of the life of its burgesses in this earlier period of Oxford life we know little or nothing. Stray Studies from England and Italy And on this account many burgesses were imprisoned in the castle and ill-treated, and their swine maliciously killed. Mediæval Wales Chiefly in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries: Six Popular Lectures All day, from early morning until late at night, he was cultivating the acquaintance of the burgesses. In the Mayor's Parlour In his twenty-fifth year Mr. Lee was appointed a justice of the peace, and shortly after a burgess for his county. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia After he had been some time fellow-secretary with Milton, even the thick-sighted burgesses of Hull perceived the merits of their townsman, and sent him as their representative into the House of Commons. The International Monthly, Volume 2, No. 4, March, 1851 He was a man "industrious and subtle;" and subtlety and industry found their scope in suit after suit with the farmers and burgesses around. Stray Studies from England and Italy Guided by enlightened self-interest, they often founded towns, granting considerable privileges to them in order to attract burgesses—such as low rents, and freedom from arbitrary fines. Mediæval Wales Chiefly in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries: Six Popular Lectures |
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