| 单词 | upper mantle |
| 例句 | Geochemists say that certain elements on Earth’s surface cannot have come from the upper mantle, but must have come from deeper within the Earth. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z The model suggests that material was denser than the upper mantle of proto-Earth and sank into the lower mantle, where it has remained as identifiable blobs, never mixing. 4.5 billion years ago, another planet crashed into Earth. We may have found its leftovers. 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z To figure out what was driving these patterns, the researchers used multiple computer models of the deep crust and upper mantle. Fountains of Diamonds Erupt as Supercontinents Break Up 2023-08-21T04:00:00Z Pal says the geoid low probably took its present shape about 20 million years ago, when the plumes started to spread within the upper mantle. Giant ‘Gravity Hole’ in the Ocean May Be the Ghost of an Ancient Sea 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z They can provide direct evidence for how ocean crust differs in composition from the upper mantle and better estimates of elemental abundances in the planet’s primary reservoir of rock. At long last, ocean drillers exhume a bounty of rocks from Earth’s mantle 2023-05-25T04:00:00Z Samples of upper mantle material are occasionally ejected from volcanoes, permitting a detailed analysis of its chemistry. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Virtually all of the igneous rocks that we see on Earth are derived from magmas that formed from partial melting of existing rock, either in the upper mantle or the crust. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The instabilities are enough to allow rock from the upper mantle and lower crust to flow against each other. Fountains of Diamonds Erupt as Supercontinents Break Up 2023-08-21T04:00:00Z These rocks are rare on the surface, but make up peridotite, the rock of the upper mantle. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z And their physical strength can inform studies of how earthquakes fracture and propagate in the upper mantle. At long last, ocean drillers exhume a bounty of rocks from Earth’s mantle 2023-05-25T04:00:00Z In general, the thick continental masses cannot be subducted, but the thinner oceanic plates can be rather readily thrust down into the upper mantle. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Figure 3.9 Common sites of magma formation in the upper mantle. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z By using data from previous studies that used seismic techniques to image Earth’s upper mantle, the researchers found an unusually high concentration of magma at about 70 kilometers below this part of the Nazca plate. Surprise undersea volcano could offer unique window into Earth’s interior 2021-07-15T04:00:00Z Water carried by subducted oceanic plates causes melting in the upper mantle material. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Drilling below the seabed in the mid–Atlantic Ocean, they have collected a core of rock more than 1 kilometer long, consisting largely of peridotite, a kind of upper mantle rock. At long last, ocean drillers exhume a bounty of rocks from Earth’s mantle 2023-05-25T04:00:00Z The seismic data also suggest that the upper mantle, which extends to around 700 to 800 kilometres below the surface, contains a zone of thickened material in which seismic energy travels more slowly. Seismic Ripples Reveal Size of Mars’s Core 2021-03-18T04:00:00Z The upper mantle is typically composed of peridotite, a rock dominated by olivine and pyroxene. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The team of researchers ran computer simulations that show the iron-nickel core of an asteroid could have been placed into the upper mantle of the Moon following impact. Mysterious large mass discovered on Moon bewilders scientists: 'Whatever it is, wherever it came from' 2019-06-10T04:00:00Z Lower crust or upper mantle material rises through the thinned crust, releases pressure, and undergoes decompression- induced partial melting. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The authors say that the dense minerals might have been thrown out of the upper mantle during the event that created the basin. Terror deaths, primate research and nuclear deal falters 2019-05-14T04:00:00Z On the basis of these observations, the Moon’s upper mantle might be composed predominantly of both olivine and low-calcium pyroxene. The Moon’s mantle unveiled 2019-05-14T04:00:00Z Lying just beneath the cratered, desolate crust, the moon’s upper mantle is thought to be the frozen remnant of a vast magma ocean that existed more than 4 billion years ago. From the Lunar Far Side, China's Rover Reveals Moon's Hidden Depths 2019-05-15T04:00:00Z When a part of the earth's upper mantle or lower crust melts, magma forms. What Causes a Volcano to Erupt and How Do Scientists Predict Eruptions? 2018-06-04T04:00:00Z Tectonic plates are made of crust and a portion of the upper mantle, forming a rigid physical layer called the lithosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Although the deep innards of Earth probably don’t care at all about what’s happening thousands of kilometers above, for the surface of the planet, and perhaps even its upper mantle, life is a big deal. This Island Earth 2018-04-29T04:00:00Z Palme, H. & Nickel, K. G. Ca/Al ratio and composition of the Earth’s upper mantle. Halogens in chondritic meteorites and terrestrial accretion 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z The researchers believe the “great valley” formed as Mercury’s interior cooled, which caused the planet’s crust and upper mantle to contract and bend. Mercury Is Shrinking, a ‘Great Valley’ Shows 2016-11-21T05:00:00Z The diversity tells us that the Moon’s upper mantle is much less uniform in composition than Earth’s. New type of moon rock discovered by Chinese lunar lander 2015-12-22T05:00:00Z They are typically associated with hotspots, mid-ocean ridges, or continental rifts with rising upper mantle material. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Do they originate in mantle plumes—vast upwellings of superhot rock from the earth's core— or in shallower reservoirs of heat in the upper mantle? Geologists Confirm Mantle Plumes Generate Volcanic Hotspots 2015-11-29T05:00:00Z The authors argue that the low ratio results from deep material with an even lower ratio rising to the surface and collecting deuterium from the upper mantle. Volcanic rock hints at source of Earth’s water 2015-11-11T05:00:00Z That’s because Earth’s strong rigid outer shell, not just the crust, the upper mantle, varies in thickness. World’s longest continental volcano chain discovered in Australia 2015-09-14T04:00:00Z A decade ago, Caltech planetary scientist David Stevenson got tongues wagging when he wrote up a thought experiment that describes probing earth’s upper mantle with a small communicating “grapefruit-sized” probe. Earth Core Probe As Controlled 'China Syndrome' 2013-07-31T22:50:00Z Water carried by subducted oceanic plates causes melting in the upper mantle material. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The researchers calculate that the relative abundances of all nine elements match what would turn up in a mixture of 30% terrestrial crust and 70% upper mantle. 'Earth-Mars' Collision May Have Happened in Alien Solar System 2011-08-12T20:50:00Z However, because these elements are depleted in the Earth's upper mantle, Earth scientists are fairly certain the retained elements lie in a deeper portion of the mantle. Upside-Down Answer for Deep Earth Mystery 2010-02-19T17:16:00Z The asteroid that created the SPA basin probably carved through the crust and perhaps into the upper mantle. Biggest, Deepest Crater Exposes Hidden, Ancient Moon 2010-03-08T17:06:00Z The upper mantle is overwhelmingly solid rock says Stevenson. Earth Core Probe As Controlled 'China Syndrome' 2013-07-31T22:50:00Z But the sad-eyed maiden, removing her upper mantle, threw it over the naked form of the beggar. Mardi: and A Voyage Thither, Vol. II She had laid aside an upper mantle, and a small basket which contained her slender stock of necessaries; and a little French spaniel dog sat beside them, as their protector. The Fair Maid of Perth Or, St. Valentine's Day The dominant view has been that the lowermost mantle has been largely isolated from the upper mantle and therefore retains its primordial composition. Upside-Down Answer for Deep Earth Mystery 2010-02-19T17:16:00Z A moment after, the same peremptory valet who had aided her to dismount, disrobed her of her cap, the masterpiece of Dame Gillian, and of her upper mantle. The Betrothed |
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