| 单词 | centrosome |
| 例句 | The microtubules that form the basis of the mitotic spindle extend between the centrosomes, pushing them farther apart as the microtubule fibers lengthen. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In fact, in animal cells, the centrosome is the microtubule-organizing center. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules begin to extend from each like long fingers from two hands extending toward each other. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the neocortex. Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z When Hh signaling is disrupted, centrosome polarization to the immunological synapse is reduced, and cytotoxic T cell–mediated killing is impaired. [Report] Hedgehog Signaling Controls T Cell Killing at the Immunological Synapse 2013-12-05T18:57:29.425Z Each chromatid, now called a chromosome, is pulled rapidly toward the centrosome to which its microtubule was attached. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Centrioles are not present in the centrosomes of other eukaryotic species, such as plants and most fungi. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The mitotic spindle is the structure composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z At the end, we were able to see an entire centrosome in a miotic HeLa cell. Imaging the near invisible with TEM: a master class 2013-07-03T15:15:03.633Z Together, they watched scores of tiny centrosomes forming under the microscope. From the frontline: 30 something science 2013-03-06T18:21:41.007Z Centrioles are not present in the centrosomes of many eukaryotic species, such as plants and most fungi. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The centrosomes begin to move to opposite poles of the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A metaphase plate forms between the centrosomes that are now located at either end of the cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z I cringe to admit that despite making a living writing about molecular and cellular biology, I constantly mix up nucleosomes and centrosomes, the same way other people mix up “their” and “they’re.” Born Again Textbooks 2013-01-31T14:15:05.437Z Each centrosome consists of two cylindrical components called centrioles shrouded by a molecular cloud, which balloons when cells start the process of division. ScienceShot: Centrosomes Get Their Close-Up 2012-08-22T00:01:00Z The centrosome replicates itself before a cell divides, and the centrioles play a role in pulling the duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the dividing cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Microtubules that will form the mitotic spindle extend between the centrosomes, pushing them farther apart as the microtubule fibers lengthen. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Finally, in addition to the nucleus and the protoplasm, another organism of the cell, the centrosome, is part of the hereditary mass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z Beyond the head is the neck, which contains the anterior and posterior centrosomes. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z With further research, scientists might be able to determine how different proteins interact to construct centrosomes. ScienceShot: Centrosomes Get Their Close-Up 2012-08-22T00:01:00Z The centrosome has two bodies, the centrioles, with an unknown role in cell division. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Each chromatid, now called a chromosome, is pulled rapidly toward the centrosome to which its microtubule is attached. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Thus protoplasm itself has a complicated structure; the nucleus of the cell is a little world in itself; and the cell-firm has other partners, such as the centrosome. Herbert Spencer 2012-02-29T03:00:20.773Z In addition to the nucleus and cytoplasm, a third body, the “centrosome,” has often been considered as a constant cell-structure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z In the course of division two bodies appear in the cytoplasm, and behave as centrosomes during the karyokinesis; they gradually become threadlike and coil round each daughter nucleus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The centrosome is a region near the nucleus of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In contrast, animal cells have centrosomes and lysosomes but lack cell walls. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Not only the nucleus but another small object within the cell which is neither part of the nucleus nor part of the cell protoplasm, also is very important, and this structure is termed the “centrosome.” Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z The daughter centrosomes separate from one another, travelling to opposite poles of the nucleus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The general rule appears to be that the female pronucleus is without a centrosome, and that no centrosome appears in the female in the divisions by which the gamete arises from the progamete. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z On either side are two poles of concentration, which represent the centrosomes, each pole being surrounded by a star-like radiation. The Mechanism of Life Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas most plant cells do not. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z First spermatocyte, anaphase, showing elongated centrosome and diverging univalent chromosomes. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part II Some of the fibrillae in the latter region become attached to the chromosomes and are termed “mantle fibres”; others become continuous from one centrosome to the other and constitute the “spindle fibres.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The centrosome now divides, the membranes of both nuclei disappear, and a spindle is formed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In the preparation one may see the distance between the two poles slowly increase, the poles gradually separating from one another just as do the centrosomes of an ovum during karyokinesis. The Mechanism of Life The two centrosomes will give rise to the mitotic spindle, the apparatus that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Anaphase of first maturation mitosis, one centrosome divided. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part I New York. a, Leucocyte from a Salamander, showing permanent aster and centrosome. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z It possesses in the Fertilization. adjacent protoplasm a well-marked centrosome. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z A partition then makes its appearance in the median line, and this partition becomes continuous with the boundary of the spheres around the centrosomes. The Mechanism of Life At the center of each animal cell, the centrosomes of animal cells are associated with a pair of rod-like objects, the centrioles, which are at right angles to each other. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The centrosome which, although small, is conspicuous in each mitosis, is seen in figure 83 between the two parts of the spindle-remains, applied to the outside of the nuclear membrane. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part I Not only may the sperm centrosomes totally disappear before reaching the egg-nucleus, but in the latter type the definitive centrosomes appear while the last traces of the sperm asters are still visible. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z If this is true, the centrosome of the zygote nucleus must be entirely derived from that of the male pronucleus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In the process of karyokinesis the two centrosomes, i.e. the two poles of the achromatin spindle, repel one another. The Mechanism of Life Microtubules grow from centrosomes placed at opposite poles of the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z At the same time the two centrosomes separate from each other on each side of the nucleus. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study For Schaudinn has shown in Acanthocystis that, in the formation of the swarm spores, the nucleus divides amitotically, the centrosome remaining visible and unchanged at the centre of the radiating processes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z These latter commence by the doubling of the centrosome, a small spherical body alongside the nucleus. Creative Evolution In nature these two centres of positive concentration are introduced into the protoplasm of the cell by fecundation—that is, by the entrance of the centrosomes of the sperm cell. The Mechanism of Life However, the exact function of the centrioles in cell division isn’t clear, because cells that have had the centrosome removed can still divide, and plant cells, which lack centrosomes, are capable of cell division. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figures 3 and 4 show that, while these changes are being produced, each of the two centrosomes is surrounded by stellate rays. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Yet a centrosome appears later in the nucleus of the swarm spores and migrates into the cytoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The centrosome introduced by the spermatozoon has divided into two centrosomes, one at each pole of the nucleus. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told The central drop, representing the nucleus between the two lateral drops or centrosomes, first becomes granular. The Mechanism of Life Animal cells also have a centrosome and lysosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Within the last few years there has been found to be present in most cells an organ which has been called the centrosome. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity This indifferent nuclear or cytoplasmic position for the centrosome is paralleled by the attraction sphere or homologue of the centrosome in many Protozoa. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z In this way the centrosome approaches the female pronucleus, and thus finally the two nucleii are brought into close proximity. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity These arrange themselves around, and are gradually attracted towards the centrosomes, where they accumulate to form two pigmented nuclear masses. The Mechanism of Life The centrosome has two bodies perpendicular to each other, the centrioles, and has an unknown purpose in cell division. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These radiating fibres, whether arising from the centrosomes or not, certainly all centre in these bodies, a fact which indicates that the centrosomes contain the forces which regulate their appearance. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Meves, however, maintains the possibility that the numerous centrosomes appearing in the egg arise by the rapid fragmentation of a centrosome already present. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z But the egg substance is derived from the mother alone; the centrosome, at least in some cases and perhaps in all, is derived only from the father, while the chromosomes are derived from both parents. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity It is not yet certain, however, whether the centrosome is a constant part of the cell. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Most plant cells do not have lysosomes or centrosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It seems certain that they are pulled or pushed into this position by forces radiating from the centrosomes. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Shall it be the linin, or the liquids, or the microsomes, or the chromatin threads, or the centrosomes? The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity It is true that we may not yet know the source of this centrosome. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Moreover, the various fibres which surround the centrosomes in cell division and whose contractions and expansions, as we have seen, pull the chromosomes apart in cell division, are parts of the cell substance. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The centrosome has two bodies perpendicular to each other, the centrioles, and has an unknown purpose in cell division. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The centrosomes have divided preparatory to the next division, and the cell is beginning to divide. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Secondly, it is dependent, as we have seen, upon the mechanism of the cell body, and especially the nucleus and centrosome. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The fundamental feature, of nature's machine building is thus based upon the machinery of the nucleus and centrosome of the organic cell. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity In the activities which characterize cell life this centrosome appears to lead the way. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Animal cells also have a centrosome and lysosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In this division, in some cases at least, the spindle fibres bear a part—a fact which again points to the importance of the centrosomes and the forces which radiate from them. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity From it radiate the forces which control cell activity, and hence this centrosome is sometimes called the dynamic center of the cell. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Outside the nucleus is the centrosome, or, more commonly, two of them lying close together. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity This cell, in short, is precisely like the typical cell which we have described, except in the possession of two centrosomes. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The next step in the process of division appears in the region of the centrosomes. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Thus the final result shows two cells each with a nucleus and two centrosomes, and this is exactly the same sort of structure with which the process began. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity These two asters and the centrosomes within them have been spoken of as the dynamic centre of the cell since they appear to control the forces which lead to cell division. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Whether they are pulled apart or pushed apart by the spindle fibres is not certain, although it is apparently sure that these fibres from the centrosomes are engaged in the matter. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The centrosome may apparently in some cases disappear, but more commonly remains beside the daughter nucleii, or it may move into the nucleus. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The centrosome, with its fibres, brings about the separation of these two halves. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Plainly, we must conclude that the chromatin material is something of extraordinary importance to the cell, and the centrosome is a bit of machinery for controlling its division and thus regulating cell division. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The male cell with its centrosome remains inactive until the stage represented in FIG. 42.FIG. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity It contains cell substance, a nucleus with chromosomes, and a centrosome, the number of chromosomes, as shown later, being however only half that normal for the ordinary cells of the animals. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Now the centrosome, which is beside the male pronucleus, shows signs of activity. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The cell of an animal thus consists of three somewhat distinct but active parts—the cell substance, the chromosomes, and the centrosome. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The further steps in this process appear to be controlled by the centrosome, although it is not quite certain whence this centrosome is derived. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Of these the cell substance appears to be handed down from the mother; the centrosome comes, at least in some cases, from the father, and the chromosomes from both parents. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity The centrosome is too problematical as yet for much comment. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity Whatever chemical forces may have accomplished, they never could have combined different bodies into linin, centrosomes, chromosomes, etc., which, as we have seen, are the basis of cell life. The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity |
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