英语词汇“synapse”造句子简单的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

The questions that drove me here are lost in some crippled synapse between us. The Adoration of Jenna Fox 2008-04-29T00:00:00Z

“Either that or a synapse in my brain just got a fresh shot of BDNF.” The Smartest Kid in the Universe 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z

How satisfying for us to think that a momentary synapse twitch in our brains counts as a meaningful step towards change. When Is 'Awareness' Awareness Month? 2014-10-06T04:00:00Z

I became hardened by it, expecting them even, a synapse always firing and ready to spring into action across all platforms, because trolls will find you on every platform. Trolls and clapbacks: Are they the trolls, or am I? 2019-06-03T04:00:00Z

The listening being depicted is a cognitive event: it happens in the skull and leaps from synapse to synapse, as if it were registering on a brain scan. Music, Fiction, and the Value of Attention 2015-01-27T05:00:00Z

There’s no exploration, the language has no synapse to fire across, so it never illuminates. Throwing Weight Into Sound: Kaveh Akbar on Poetry and Power 2019-04-19T04:00:00Z

Out on the street after the performance, your every synapse remains on high alert. ‘Downstate’ Review: A Foulness in the Very Air They Breathe 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z

In an on-camera interview, Sam Roberts of The Times describes a “missing synapse” of empathy with the city’s African-American population, though “Koch” does not pursue this theme as far as it might. Movie Review: ‘Koch,’ Neil Barsky’s Documentary on the Former Mayor 2013-01-31T16:55:40Z

That disruption would cause the dopamine to build up in the synapse and super-hella overstimulate the receptors, which, in seconds, would feel to her like aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah—the bliss of all bliss. The “I Do” of Addiction 2019-03-04T05:00:00Z

Here, at least, they serve as poetic reminders of the great synapse between art and experience. Art in Review: Julien Bismuth: ‘An image as the _______ of a surface’ 2014-01-16T22:46:52Z

Beyond the turnstiles, huge black fiberglass faces and silver “synapse” sculptures greet travelers while shifting, lenticular “mutablob” symbols tattoo the walls. | The IRT, Italian Style 2011-04-20T18:15:12Z

Limitations of the current study include an incomplete understanding of how this complex RNA machinery specifies neuron and synapse identity. 'Circular logic' of RNAs in Parkinson's disease 2023-09-18T04:00:00Z

They each communicate with fellow neurons, muscles or other cells by releasing neurotransmitter chemicals at "synapse" junctions, ultimately producing functions ranging from emotions to motions. Individual neurons mix multiple RNA edits of key synapse protein, fly study finds 2023-09-18T04:00:00Z

A memristor could "remember" its electric history, in a similar way to a synapse in a biological system. Prototype 'Brain-like' chip promises greener AI, says tech giant 2023-08-10T04:00:00Z

Next, the data pass through the neural network layer by layer: the value of the neuron in one layer is multiplied by weight of the synapse and transferred to the neuron from the next layer. New Tool Reveals How AI Makes Decisions 2023-06-15T04:00:00Z

Spinal motor neurons, which synapse on muscle cells, use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

These terminals in turn then synapse with other neurons, muscle, or target organs. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z

But when Dr. Kittelmann and her colleagues started to inspect the comb jelly neurons, they struggled to find a synapse between the neurons. Bizarre Sea Creatures Illuminate the Dawn of the Animal Kingdom 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z

Earlier studies measuring glucose uptake in the brain during childhood suggest some of this work is neuronal growth and synapse development. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z

Like the guys outside Price’s, I sat and pondered that bird, hoping the next bite would trigger some synapse to release the answer like a gumball from a quarter machine. Review | Little Chicken is a downtown playground built with a lot of hard work 2022-10-10T04:00:00Z

Once the target is reached, this well-studied first phase of axon growth culminates with formation of a junction with another neuron, known as a synapse. Giraffes vs. Blue Whales vs. Dinosaurs: Contest Reveals Which One Builds Its Nervous System Fastest to Evade Predators 2022-09-29T04:00:00Z

Some of them are connected by lines, indicating a synapse between those particular neurons. How Squishy Math Is Revealing Doughnuts in the Brain 2022-09-26T04:00:00Z

Figure 11.2 Early in prophase I, homologous chromosomes come together to form a synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

At the level of the spinal cord at which this axon makes a synapse, a graded potential occurs in the cell membrane of a lower motor neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

This meant that forming an associative memory involves synapse formation and loss, but not necessarily changes in the strength of existing synapses, as previously thought. Where are memories stored in the brain? Research suggests they may be in connections between cells 2022-01-16T05:00:00Z

Musser, Arendt, and their colleagues report finding some of these neuroid cells and documenting that they have active genes in common with the side of a synapse that sends a signal to another nerve cell. Sponge innards suggest how nerve cells evolved 2021-11-03T04:00:00Z

It is easy to convert this static image into a graph because it indicates the data points, as well as the lines between them: two neurons are connected if a synapse linking them is firing. How Squishy Math Is Revealing Doughnuts in the Brain 2022-09-26T04:00:00Z

In preparation for the first division of meiosis, homologous chromosomes replicate and synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Sensory axons enter the brain to synapse in a nucleus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

It's still unknown whether synapse generation and loss actually drive memory formation. Where are memories stored in the brain? Research suggests they may be in connections between cells 2022-01-16T05:00:00Z

And next to neuroid cells are digestive cells whose active genes include those typically expressed in the receiving cell of a synapse, the scientists showed. Sponge innards suggest how nerve cells evolved 2021-11-03T04:00:00Z

Once tau pathology is clearly established, however, microglia may drive synapse loss and the death of neurons. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z

These terminals in turn synapse on other neurons, muscle, or target organs. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Neurons located in the primary motor cortex, named Betz cells, are large cortical neurons that synapse with lower motor neurons in the brain stem or in the spinal cord. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Intriguingly, a number of the molecular mechanisms involved in fortifying and preserving synapse strength appear to require significant downtime between bouts of activity. Cramming may help for next-day exams. But for long-term memory, spacing out study is what works. 2020-11-27T05:00:00Z

That’s reminiscent of communicating nerve cells and suggests neuroid and digestive cells may be ancestral to cells that form the two sides of the synapse. Sponge innards suggest how nerve cells evolved 2021-11-03T04:00:00Z

She thinks that perturbations in brain development, particularly during the period of rapid synapse formation and pruning during puberty, might create structural and functional conditions that predispose certain people to migraines. Closing the gender gap in migraine research 2020-10-13T04:00:00Z

In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The central neuron projects from the spinal cord or brain stem to synapse on the ganglionic neuron that projects to the effector. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

First, there will be a lag between release of ATP by a synapse and the production of local ADO after microglial processes are drawn to that synapse. Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z

That research explores topics as diverse as protein synthesis in yeast and synapse formation in embryonic fruit flies. Female scientists allege discrimination, neglect of research on women at NIH’s child health institute 2020-04-02T04:00:00Z

In the hippocampus, using similar methods, Andersen and Eccles together pinpointed the first inhibitory synapse in the brain, going from basket cells to the bodies of pyramidal cells. Per Andersen (1930–2020) 2020-03-19T04:00:00Z

In a chemical synapse, the action potential causes release of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, which projects to the submandibular gland and sublingual gland. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

His University of Pavia lab studies synapse formation as well as collagen production and its possible implications in cancer metastasis. Labs go quiet as researchers brace for long-term coronavirus disruptions 2020-03-13T04:00:00Z

It turns out that strengthening a synapse cannot produce a memory on its own, except for the most elementary reflexes in simple circuits. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z

For some reason, exposure to space radiation activates these cells in male mice only and can cause synapse loss in the hippocampus, the brain structure that mediates memory formation. We Should Send Women on a Mars Mission 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z

Multiple signals from a single synapse are integrated at the axon hillock, which then passes the signal into the axon, where the signal is transferred to another cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The parasympathetic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in the otic ganglion, which projects to the parotid gland. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Many mental illnesses and neurological conditions, from Alzheimer's to depression, are accompanied by synapse loss or dysfunction. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z

A narrow focus on the synapse has given us a mere stick-figure conception of how learning and the memories it engenders work. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z

This suggests that glypican 3 is necessary and sufficient in the context of glioblastoma to regulate seizures by controlling synapse formation in the neuronal tissue around the tumour. Brain tumours manipulate neighbouring synapses 2020-01-28T05:00:00Z

Nerve impulses traveling down motor neurons cause the release of the acetylcholine from vesicles in the axon terminus into the synapse between the neuron and the muscle fiber. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

At a chemical synapse, neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic element and diffuses across the synaptic cleft. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Instead, there is a tiny bit of space between the cells; this is called the synapse. Glutamate Built the Brain—Can It Treat It Too? 2020-01-13T05:00:00Z

Surprisingly, research in the past decade has shown that astrocytes positioned close to the synapse between two neurons can regulate synaptic transmission during learning by releasing or taking up neurotransmitters there. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z

During that disturbance, some of the proteins at the synapse that help receive and interpret these signals get broken down and recycled. Ketamine disrupts memories to help heavy drinkers cut back 2019-11-26T05:00:00Z

The poison form the krait snake’s bungarotoxin binds irreversibly to acetylcholine receptors interfering with acetylcholine binding at the synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The particular characteristics of a synapse vary based on the neurotransmitter system produced by that neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Baker and his students, including senior graduate student Evan Hess, want to challenge the dogma that the critical communication within the brain, particularly by glutamate, only occurs within the synapse. Glutamate Built the Brain—Can It Treat It Too? 2020-01-13T05:00:00Z

In venturing beyond the synapse, we are beginning to fill out the stick-figure skeleton of synaptic plasticity to create a fuller picture of what happens in our brain when we learn. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z

The researchers’ RNA sequencing revealed changes in genes related to the role of the microglia in synapse organization and assembly. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z

The junction between nerve cells where signal transmission occurs is called a synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

These axons then travel to the spinal cord level at which they synapse with a lower motor neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The “sleep time” transcripts tended to be for proteins that regulate building other proteins, while the “wake time” instructions were for proteins linked to synapse function. Sleep Deprivation Shuts Down Production of Essential Brain Proteins 2019-10-10T04:00:00Z

Hanahan and his colleagues showed that when breast-cancer cells infiltrate the brain, they form a specialized type of synapse that allows them to soak up a chemical called glutamate. Cancer cells have ‘unsettling’ ability to hijack the brain’s nerves 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z

These intriguing findings raise the possibility that approaches targeting specific types of glutamate receptor, postsynaptic signalling processes or the mechanisms needed for synapse formation might provide therapeutic targets for slowing tumour proliferation. Dangerous liaisons as tumour cells form synapses with neurons 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z

Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another or to another type of cell such as a muscle cell occurs across a junction called a synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

In the ventral horn, these axons synapse with their corresponding lower motor neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

This finding prompted researchers to ask just how cells translated Arc RNA into a protein at the synapse. A protein in your brain behaves like a virus, infecting your cells with memories 2019-08-12T04:00:00Z

That connection strength is determined by the amount of a particular type of receptor found at the synapse. The forgotten part of memory 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z

“You couldn’t get further from the truth of what a synapse actually is than a single number in a matrix,” Sussillo says. How AI and neuroscience drive each other forwards 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z

For example, the knee reflex that a doctor tests during a routine physical is controlled by a single synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The corticospinal fibers that project to the ventral horn of the spinal cord have branches that also synapse in the pons, which project to the cerebellum. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Whereas the original connectomes report each synapse as simply being present, Cook et al. provide each with a physical location and a weight — an indirect measure of strength based on physical size. Neural networks mapped in both sexes of the worm 2019-07-02T04:00:00Z

Instead, I’m talking about a voter synapse that Biden is well positioned to fire like few Democrats have since Jimmy Carter carried the Sunday school vote in 1976. Opinion | Trump is a religious poser. That gives Biden an opportunity. 2019-05-31T04:00:00Z

Researchers next plan to track people over time to measure changes in synapse levels. Researchers find clues that depression may speed brain aging 2019-02-14T05:00:00Z

The interneuron receives a synapse from the axon of the sensory neuron that detects that the hand is being burned. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

At the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Janelia Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia, for instance, researchers are working to map every neuron and synapse in the Drosophila fruit fly. Technologies to watch in 2019 2019-01-22T05:00:00Z

Imagine a similar situation, in which the target was another port: the synapse, the specialized port of communication between neurons. Prehistoric Viruses and the Function of the Brain 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z

When the synapsin is phosphorylated, the droplet rapidly dissipates and the vesicles are freed to spill the neurotransmitters into the synapse. "Lava-Lamp" Proteins May Help Cells Cheat Death 2018-11-28T05:00:00Z

A signal is released from axon terminal, passes through the axon, and synapse with dendrites. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

All of these motor pathways project to the spinal cord to synapse with motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Then, instead of processing every signal individually, these signals are added up by a transistor that mimics the biological synapse. Moving skin beyond the biological 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z

For example, one gene might be involved in turning up the volume on one side of the synapse, while another gene might ask the other side of the synapse to turn up the gain. Prehistoric Viruses and the Function of the Brain 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z

When a neuron fires, the pulse of electricity from one synapse to another can be converted into sound—something between a pop and a scratch. How to Control a Machine with Your Brain 2018-11-19T05:00:00Z

A signal is released from the axon terminal, passes through the axon, and synapse with dendrites. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

These bulbs are what make the connection with the target cell at the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

And some smart researchers went for a crowdsourcing approach to this tedious work of outlining all synapse and converted that to Eyewire, a game to map the brain. How Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Can Revolutionize Science 2018-10-30T04:00:00Z

Scores of laboratories all over the world are focused on understanding the rules controlling how neurons communicate across the synapse. Prehistoric Viruses and the Function of the Brain 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z

From there, it’s but the wink of a synapse to “he’s crooked” or “it’s fixed.” Perspective | If legalized gambling is the future, our sports are really in trouble 2018-10-05T04:00:00Z

Chemical and electrical synapse are two mechanisms by which signals can be transferred between neurons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

Many of these transient signals originate at the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The point at which two neurons meet is called a synapse and chemical signals are transported between neurons, across these synapses. Why scientists are transplanting artificially grown “brains” into living brains 2018-09-14T04:00:00Z

However, the hearing system includes a large synapse called the calyx of held. Tulane researcher gets 5-year grant for hearing research 2018-08-12T04:00:00Z

A new study found that tame foxes are likely to carry a unique version of SorCS1, a gene that helps ferry proteins involved in synapse formation and nervous system signaling. Top stories: friendly foxes, a creature from a lost world, and wasps that won’t wait 2018-08-10T04:00:00Z

These neurons are dedicated to that particular stimulus and synapse with particular neurons in the brain or spinal cord. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

The neurotransmitter is cleared from the synapse either by enzymatic degradation, neuronal reuptake, or glial reuptake. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

But Eagles raises a fair point that the theory does not currently explain why myelination increases the speed of nerve pulses or how a mechanical pulse might trigger neurotransmitter release at a synapse. Readers Respond to the April 2018 Issue 2018-08-03T04:00:00Z

The world is a dark place, so when light comes our way, it is our duty as human beings to embrace it with every sinew and synapse that we can muster. England v India: first Test, day one - live! 2018-08-01T04:00:00Z

The molecule inhibits an enzyme called nSMase2, which plays an important part in the release of vesicles in which tau crosses the synapse. Ways to stop the spread of Alzheimer’s disease 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z

When the hairs bend, they release an excitatory neurotransmitter at a synapse with a sensory neuron, which then conducts action potentials to the central nervous system. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

A simple case is a reflex caused by a synapse between a dorsal sensory neuron axon and a motor neuron in the ventral horn. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Among them are how Heimburg's model accounts, quantitatively, for the increased velocity of conduction in myelinated axons and the mechanism by which it leads to transmission across a chemical synapse. Readers Respond to the April 2018 Issue 2018-08-03T04:00:00Z

This triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and might contribute to synapse loss. An age-old story of dementia 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z

The result is a reconstruction that lets researchers zoom in on the features of an individual synapse. In a ‘tour de force,’ researchers image an entire fly brain in minute detail 2018-07-19T04:00:00Z

For example, neurotransmitters are released across a synapse to transfer messages between neurons Figure 1.3. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

At the level of the spinal cord at which the preganglionic sympathetic fiber exits the spinal cord, a branch will synapse on a neuron in the adjacent chain ganglion. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

But Glanzman said he is convinced RNA is playing a role that eclipses the synapse. Memory Transferred Between Snails, Challenging Standard Theory of How the Brain Remembers 2018-05-14T04:00:00Z

But some synapse misfired in the presidential amygdala, and what Haley thought she knew was no longer the case. Opinion | Trust Trump, look like a fool. Just ask Nikki Haley. 2018-04-18T04:00:00Z

This memory enables such devices to mimic the behaviour of a neural synapse, making them of great interest for creating brain-inspired neuromorphic computing architectures. Multi-terminal memtransistors from polycrystalline monolayer molybdenum disulfide 2018-02-20T05:00:00Z

Genes known to harbor spontaneous mutations linked to these conditions also fall within one of the synapse modules. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z

This fiber then makes a synapse on the ganglionic neuron that projects to the target effector. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Yet these devices are still inefficient, especially when they transmit information across the gap, or synapse, between transistors. Artificial neurons compute faster than the human brain 2018-01-25T05:00:00Z

It probed the roles of different types of glial cell—astrocytes and microglia—in synapse elimination, for example. Ben Barres (1955–2017) 2018-01-02T05:00:00Z

Among other things, the glia appeared to help neurons form synapse connections to transmit electrical signals throughout the brain. Ben Barres, transgender brain researcher and advocate of diversity in science, dies at 63 2017-12-30T05:00:00Z

Like a bastardised chocolate bar, each causes a microscopic synapse of surprise to fire, a sensation we fleetingly mistake for fun. Why novelty versions of Monopoly are just wrong | David Mitchell 2017-09-17T04:00:00Z

These fibers synapse on motor neurons in the ventral horn. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The more the synapse is stimulated, the more the connection is reinforced and learning improved. Quick-Thinking AI Camera Mimics the Human Brain 2017-06-22T04:00:00Z

The problem, researchers say, is some as-yet-undiscovered short-fuse in the mind, a mental hiccup or thorn, some synapse firing right instead of left. Jon Lester picks off a runner, and other famous cases of athletes battling the yips - Golf Digest 2017-06-06T04:00:00Z

Less important memories may not get entirely axed but merely pared down—although each synapse shrinks, the overall pattern of connections that constitute a memory remains. Sleep Shrinks the Brain's Synapses to Make Room for New Learning 2017-06-03T04:00:00Z

These changes at the synapse level cause neural restructuring that very likely has important consequences for normal and abnormal brain function. Why Is Synaptic Pruning Important for the Developing Brain? 2017-05-29T04:00:00Z

The synapse is the gap between nerve cells, or between a nerve cell and its target, for example, a muscle or a gland, across which the impulse is transmitted by chemical compounds known as neurotransmitters. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Sarin and these insecticides inhibit enzymes that rapidly break down acetylcholine after it is released from a synapse to terminate the signal. Sickness that lasts a lifetime: Survivors of the gas attack in Syria face long-term illness 2017-04-13T04:00:00Z

Currently, you can model someone’s brain at the synapse level only by slicing it up after the person is dead. Silicon Valley’s Quest to Live Forever 2017-03-27T04:00:00Z

Owing to the peculiar architecture of neurons, it is a challenge for these cells to alter local gene expression at the synapse in response to neuronal input or changes in the synaptic environment. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z

There is abundant evidence to support a physiological role for amyloid-β at the synapse, and the data also suggest that synaptic activity is an important source of amyloid-β in the parenchyma26. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z

When a neuron is sufficiently stimulated, it generates an action potential that propagates down the axon towards the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

They are the ones who serve as that delicate synapse between young Americans willing to die for their country, and the elected leaders who order them to be ready to do so. Donald Trump's Coming Clash With the Military Generals 2016-09-11T04:00:00Z

“It’s like every synapse in my body was firing,” he says. The Story Behind TIME's Original 9/11 Cover 2016-09-10T04:00:00Z

“Once we had recognized that immunological proteins can tag and mark synapses for pruning, we asked, What process does the actual pruning? Who does the synapse editing?” Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z

The effects of amyloid-β on synapse activity vary with its extracellular concentration: low levels of amyloid-β promote excitatory activity and higher levels depress it. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z

If enough neurotransmitters are released at the synapse to stimulate the next neuron or target, a response is generated. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Some models might be very small and detailed, for example, focusing on a single synapse. Neural modelling: Abstractions of the mind : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-03-01T05:00:00Z

"If nerve cell A is connected to nerve cell B, and A takes part in firing B, then the synapse - the connection between A and B - will be strengthened," Prof Bliss explained. 'Brain Prize' for UK research on memory mechanisms - BBC News 2016-03-01T05:00:00Z

Perhaps C4A, like the other immunological factors that Stevens had identified in synapse pruning, marks neuronal synapses destined to be eliminated during normal brain development. Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z

Indeed, the onset of autism often follows a period when there is a burst of synapse formation. Brain gains 2016-01-27T05:00:00Z

The ACh molecules diffuse across a minute space called the synaptic cleft and bind to ACh receptors located within the motor end-plate of the sarcolemma on the other side of the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The details of these variations differ from synapse to synapse. Will You Ever Be Able to Upload Your Brain? 2015-10-10T04:00:00Z

In a second step, each neuron was matched with a certain pattern of electrical activity, and each synapse assigned to either activate a neighboring neuron or inhibit it. Rat brain—or a smidgeon of it—is modeled in a computer 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z

Sekar and McCarroll soon launched a series of collaborative experiments with Beth Stevens to determine how C4A might be involved in synapse editing, and how synapse editing, in turn, might be linked to schizophrenia. Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z

The answer to what confers these preferences may be found in ongoing studies to identify the molecular components of each synapse, says neuroscientist Seth Grant at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Crumb of mouse brain reconstructed in full detail 2015-07-29T04:00:00Z

In an electrical synapse, there is a direct connection between the two cells so that ions can pass directly from one cell to the next. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Why does a synapse need to be so complex? Will You Ever Be Able to Upload Your Brain? 2015-10-10T04:00:00Z

In addition to the brain neuron and synapse changes, the mice exhibited decreased performance on learning and memory tests. A space odyssey: cosmic rays may damage the brains of astronauts 2015-05-01T04:00:00Z

There was evidence of synapse pruning in the cortex of the brain during learning, cognition, and the formation of memories. Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z

“That implies to me that the memory wasn’t stored in the synapse.” Memories likely can’t be erased: Research offers new clues to how we remember 2015-04-04T04:00:00Z

If one cell is depolarized in an electrical synapse, the joined cell also depolarizes because the ions pass between the cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Without being able to characterize how each synapse would respond in real time to new inputs and modify itself in response to them, we cannot reconstruct the dynamic, learning, changing entity that is the mind. Will You Ever Be Able to Upload Your Brain? 2015-10-10T04:00:00Z

If memory is not located in the synapse, then where is it? Memories May Not Live in Neurons’ Synapses 2015-03-28T04:00:00Z

I'm not sure it would make much difference whether each synapse is binary, or decimal, etc. Sebastian Seung’s Quest to Map the Human Brain 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z

There’s no way that we will understand the function of complex biological systems such as the brain by just describing another synapse or describing another neuron or pathway or modelling on paper and blackboards. MedidataVoice: Where Are the Funds for Life Sciences' Greatest Challenges? 2014-10-23T04:00:00Z

This section will concentrate on the chemical type of synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

It is not clear if too many synapses are the main reason for autism, but many genes linked to autism play a role in synapse pruning. Researchers reverse autism symptoms in mice by paring extra synapses

“That implies to me that the memory wasn't stored in the synapse.” Memories May Not Live in Neurons’ Synapses 2015-03-28T04:00:00Z

It seems unlikely that a synapse can store many bits. Sebastian Seung’s Quest to Map the Human Brain 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z

By late childhood, synapse density fell by about half in the brains of children without autism, but fell only 16 percent in the brains of those with autism. Kids With Autism Have Extra Brain Connections, Study Says 2014-08-21T04:00:00Z

This includes the NMJ as an example of a cholinergic synapse, but cholinergic synapses are found in other parts of the nervous system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The team chose rapamycin because it works by inhibiting a protein called mTOR whose overactivity, the team found, inhibits synapse pruning. Researchers reverse autism symptoms in mice by paring extra synapses

When the neuroscientists took a closer look at the brain cells, they found that even when the synapse was erased, molecular and chemical changes persisted after the initial firing within the cell itself. Memories May Not Live in Neurons’ Synapses 2015-03-28T04:00:00Z

“A synapse is a very costly thing to support.” I Don't Love Lucy: New Movie, Bad Science 2014-07-28T04:00:00Z

The researchers measured "synapse density" in a small section of tissue in each brain. Kids With Autism Have Extra Brain Connections, Study Says 2014-08-21T04:00:00Z

Amino acid neurotransmitters are eliminated from the synapse by reuptake. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

And the discovery that synapse pruning reversed autistic behavior in the lab mice suggests that overconnectivity may be key. Researchers reverse autism symptoms in mice by paring extra synapses

Their disappearance severs the connection to the hair cells across the tiny gap, or synapse. Just 1 Rock Concert or Football Game May Cause Permanent Hearing Damage 2014-04-14T12:40:38Z

“The synapse is a hugely complicated machine — how can we mess with it in such a way that we can get a disorder where people develop normally for a couple of decades?” asks Sullivan. Genetics: Unravelling complexity 2014-04-02T17:21:00.997Z

The researchers also noted extremely low levels in these mice brains of a biochemical associated with healthy synapse function. Well: How Fat May Hurt the Brain, and How Exercise May Help 2014-03-05T05:01:35Z

Dopamine is removed from the synapse by transport proteins in the presynaptic cell membrane. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

A synapse is where one neuron communicates with another, forming functional circuits. Researchers reverse autism symptoms in mice by paring extra synapses

The pathways highlighted by these mutations link HSP to cellular transport, nucleotide metabolism, and synapse and axon development. [Research Article] Exome Sequencing Links Corticospinal Motor Neuron Disease to Common Neurodegenerative Disorders 2014-01-30T19:25:57.025Z

When Hh signaling is disrupted, centrosome polarization to the immunological synapse is reduced, and cytotoxic T cell–mediated killing is impaired. [Report] Hedgehog Signaling Controls T Cell Killing at the Immunological Synapse 2013-12-05T18:57:29.425Z

But low levels of the marker of synapse health suggested to the researchers that in these obese animals’ inflamed brains, synapses were no longer functioning properly and messages between neurons likely jerked, hiccuped or stalled. Well: How Fat May Hurt the Brain, and How Exercise May Help 2014-03-05T05:01:35Z

In neurons, these kinds of changes are often the basis of stronger connections between cells at the synapse and may be the basis of learning and memory. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

When such a cell fires, an electrical impulse travels down its length until it reaches a synapse—a point at which one nerve cell abuts another. The 2013 Nobel prizes: Higgs’s bosuns 2013-10-10T15:00:39Z

When a neuron “fires”, it undergoes something called an action potential, a wave of changing voltages that goes along the membrane until it reaches the synapse. Lighting up the brain with ArcLight 2013-08-12T13:45:03.067Z

Each virtual synapse tracks both sets of statistics. As Machines Get Smarter, Evidence Grows that They Learn Like Us 2013-07-24T19:15:00.687Z

A synapse is a connection between two neurons, across which they communicate via messenger molecules called neurotransmitters. Understanding Alzheimer’s disease: Beta testing 2013-06-20T15:05:37Z

Axons from the peripheral sensory organs, or intermediate nuclei, synapse in the thalamus, and thalamic neurons project directly to the cerebrum. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

To sustain élan toward the other, there must be a synapse to cross. Unexcited? There May Be a Pill for That 2013-05-22T11:01:03Z

At the synapse, the changing voltages trigger neurotransmission, where chemical signals are released from one neuron to then simulate receptors on other neurons. Lighting up the brain with ArcLight 2013-08-12T13:45:03.067Z

If the neurons it connects fire in close sequence more frequently when driven by data than when they are firing randomly, the weight of the synapse is increased by an amount proportional to the difference. As Machines Get Smarter, Evidence Grows that They Learn Like Us 2013-07-24T19:15:00.687Z

Taking a cue from the Human Genome Project of the 1990s, the $30 million Human Connectome Project aims – ultimately – to help create a digitized map of every neuron and synapse in the human nervous system. Why Brain-Mapping Efforts Matter - Even If They Don t Succeed 2013-03-18T13:45:00.420Z

It is a requisite synapse in any sensory pathway, except for olfaction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

What happens, for instance, if a neurotransmitter like dopamine escapes from the immediate connection point, a synapse, and interacts with a synapse at some distance. Big Neuroscience: Billions and Billions (Maybe) to Unravel Mysteries of the Brain 2013-02-25T16:45:05.473Z

We conclude that cortical growth impairments are associated with diffuse disturbances in the dendritic arbor and synapse formation of cortical neurons, which may underlie the cognitive and learning disabilities in survivors of preterm birth. [Research Articles] Prenatal Cerebral Ischemia Disrupts MRI-Defined Cortical Microstructure Through Disturbances in Neuronal Arborization 2013-01-16T20:25:08.363Z

Firing may trigger connected neurons to fire, too, depending on the weight of the synapse between them. As Machines Get Smarter, Evidence Grows that They Learn Like Us 2013-07-24T19:15:00.687Z

Neuroscientists estimate that a human brain may contain about 150 trillion of them, and no two are quite identical – either to one another, or to any synapse in anyone else’s brain. Why Brain-Mapping Efforts Matter - Even If They Don t Succeed 2013-03-18T13:45:00.420Z

The contact is a synapse where another graded potential is caused by the release of a chemical signal from the axon terminals. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

These cells are probably generated, in part, from grid cells in the MEC, one synapse upstream. The entorhinal grid map is discretized 2012-12-11T21:22:10.423Z

The amount of neurotransmitters released varies depending on a few factors, including how often a particular synapse is used. What is a Neural Network? 2012-11-14T14:15:00.217Z

But if two neurons more often fire together during random firing than data-driven firing, the synapse connecting them is too thick and consequently is weakened. As Machines Get Smarter, Evidence Grows that They Learn Like Us 2013-07-24T19:15:00.687Z

We may not map every synapse of the human brain in our own lifetimes – but after all, front-page breakthroughs aren’t really what hard science is about. Why Brain-Mapping Efforts Matter - Even If They Don t Succeed 2013-03-18T13:45:00.420Z

Another synapse passes the information along to the next neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Many researchers believe that autism begins at the synapse, and mutations in have appeared in some forms of the disorder. Rewiring the Autistic Brain 2012-09-13T20:00:00Z

When an electrical impulse—or action potential—reaches a twig, the neuron flings spurts of chemical messages across the synapse. The Neuroscience of Twenty-Somethings 2012-08-29T15:45:03.363Z

The findings suggested that the same mechanism — PV synapse proliferation followed by pruning — underlies all critical periods. Neurodevelopment: Unlocking the brain 2012-07-04T17:20:51.997Z

At everyone of these, a synapse occurs with some probability, as if it were the outcome of tossing a biased coin. Another Perspective on Massive Brain Simulations 2012-06-11T16:15:00.407Z

The neurotransmitter diffuses across the short distance of the synapse and binds to a receptor protein of the target neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Given the spate of new imaging studies, he says, “I think microglia cells are probably extremely important for synapse remodelling and plasticity in development.” Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z

These are the human faces to your synapse, neurotransmitter and amygdala coordination, or lack thereof. Science, meet life: Why I write on addiction in the Bronx 2012-04-11T19:15:00.187Z

The frontal lobe – responsible for executive functions such as planning and inhibiting inappropriate behavior – shows a marked fall in synapse density as the result of neuronal pruning. Scientists Track the Dynamics of Sleep 2012-02-16T19:09:27Z

For example, neurotransmitter molecules might escape from one synapse, and diffuse away to be sensed by a more distant neuron. Another Perspective on Massive Brain Simulations 2012-06-11T16:15:00.407Z

At another synapse, neurotransmitter is released and binds to its receptor. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

“I think there's a way to connect all of these observations, and to really test the idea that they're all part of a signalling system for synapse elimination,” Shatz says. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z

We found that the neuron receiving the connection talks to the neurons sending the transmitter, and regulates the reliability of the synapse, so that it is not too excited or silent — it maintains a balance. Turning point: Tiago Branco 2012-01-05T02:50:28.457Z

The EEG changes reflect significant milestones in brain development, including increased myelination and synapse formation as well as development of connections between the left and right cerebral cortices. Surety Bond: Breast-Feeding May Increase Children's IQ 2011-11-16T20:45:00.300Z

Neural Darwinism includes activity-dependent synapse elimination, which makes the surviving connections end up nonrandom. Another Perspective on Massive Brain Simulations 2012-06-11T16:15:00.407Z

Acetylcholine is released at this specialized synapse, which causes the muscle action potential to begin, following a large potential known as an end plate potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

In the human brain, a synapse is the structure which enables a neuron to send information to other parts of the brain. MIT Scientists Develop A Chip That Mimics Brain Synapses 2011-11-15T21:48:11Z

The sight of an off-speed pitch, though, triggers some synapse, and when Beltre connects, he drops one knee to the ground as though he’s praying not to whiff. Adrian Beltre?s Unique Home Run Swing Set Up Rangers? Comeback 2011-10-25T08:22:01Z

But the physicochemical effect that it induces at a synapse must be different in kind. 50 Years Ago: Nerve Cells Talking 2011-09-14T11:45:05.593Z

This could lead to interactions between neurons not connected by a synapse, or even between neurons that do not actually contact each other. Another Perspective on Massive Brain Simulations 2012-06-11T16:15:00.407Z

The sensory pathway for gustation travels along the facial and glossopharyngeal cranial nerves, which synapse with neurons of the solitary nucleus in the brain stem. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

These proteins connect two nerve cells, stabilizing the synapse between them and enabling the transmission of signals from cell to cell. Splintered by Stress 2011-08-25T12:45:02.287Z

In Parkinson’s disease, neurons fire incorrectly due to the lack of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that carries the electrical signal across the tiny gap between neurons known as a synapse. The Neuron Whisperers 2011-07-12T14:26:00Z

The contact of the axon of one neuron with the dendrons of another is called a synapse. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z

The emerging pathway is likely a problem that occurs at the synapse, the point of contact between neurons, Zoghbi says. Clues to Autism Emerge in Protein Network 2011-06-08T19:27:40Z

This is a specialized synaptic structure at which multiple axon terminals synapse with the muscle fiber sarcolemma. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Inside a nerve cell, new proteins form and this cascading set of molecular events eventually ends up altering the structure of the synapse, the connection point between neurons. Memories Are Made of This: Drugs to Boost Recall—or Destroy It 2011-06-03T21:15:03.160Z

"Certainly to describe a biological neuron or synapse, you need to do a lot more computation," Bettencourt says. Too Hard for Science? Simulating the Human Brain 2011-05-09T13:15:00.320Z

These are transferred from neuron to neuron through the synapse. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z

This week, investors will try to assess the economic damage to the world's third-largest economy, a country hard wired into every synapse of global finance's nervous system. Investors Survey a Damaged Economy 2011-03-13T19:39:23Z

What are referred to here as synapses may not fit the strictest definition of synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The only way to provide a full account of what goes on at the synapse is to build a computer model that is as realistic as possible. Signals in a Storm: Seeing Brain Cells Communicate (preview) 2011-03-09T13:45:02.597Z

In addition, simple models describing each synapse as firing about 10 times per second fail to capture the full complexity of the real system. Too Hard for Science? Simulating the Human Brain 2011-05-09T13:15:00.320Z

If what we might call, to borrow a figure from electricity, the voltage of the cell impulse be sufficient to overcome the resistance at the synapse, the impulse passes from neuron to neuron. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z

This suggests the possibility that increasing the amount of this enzyme in neurons would strengthen every synapse on the neuron. A Pill to Remember 2011-03-04T23:15:00.840Z

Figure 15.5 Autonomic Varicosities The connection between autonomic fibers and target effectors is not the same as the typical synapse, such as the neuromuscular junction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

To keep the memory, that synapse must endure. Enzyme Can Strengthen Old Memories 2011-03-04T00:45:00.450Z

In October researchers at Columbia University reported that young mice predisposed to acquiring Alzheimer’s accumulate protein clusters in synaptic mitochondria and that these clusters directly impair synapse function. A Case of Low Energy: The Link between Alzheimer's and Mitochondria 2011-02-02T14:15:00.237Z

At the side of a synapse that belongs to the transmitting neuron, an electrical signal arrives and releases packets of chemicals. In Map of Brain Junction, Avenues to Answers 2010-12-21T00:36:08Z

"We now recognize that these synapse proteins are the molecular basis of many brain diseases," he told reporters before presenting his findings at the Forum for European Neuroscience in Amsterdam on Monday. Brain diseases linked to nerve cell junction defects 2010-07-05T15:18:00Z

Also, to increase the effectiveness of adrenergic chemicals released from the fibers, some of these drugs may block the removal or reuptake of the neurotransmitter from the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The neurons use a network of genes to build a complete scaffolding to support the synapse. The Search for Genes Leads to Unexpected Places 2010-04-26T20:22:00Z

Toddlers sit on the sidewalk, bewitched to stillness in the breeze that sweeps the notes around us, vibrations subtle and impermanent as the synapse of a fading memory. Metropolitan Diary 2010-04-19T01:43:00Z

The tools are optical, like the microscopes I build to observe and manipulate synapse function. 2010-02-09T03:44:00Z

In a follow-up study using mice, Grant's team found that by using various drugs to change the proteins in the synapse, the link to disease was also altered. Brain diseases linked to nerve cell junction defects 2010-07-05T15:18:00Z

They both emerge from the inner ear, pass through the internal auditory meatus, and synapse in nuclei of the superior medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The place of juxtaposition of the end of one neurone against the beginning of another is called the synapse. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis"

Every synapse sagged under the increasing load of sensitivity. Turning Point

Repeated exercise may probably bring a synapse from a very loose condition to a state of close interweaving and excellent power of transmitting the nerve current. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

The fibers of the small animals grew slowly along the neural arcs, replacing each nerve cell, forming a junction at each synapse. Collectivum

Collateral branches of these fibers synapse on neurons in the pons, which then project into the cerebellar cortex through the middle cerebellar peduncles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

We began by resurrecting a huge number of "Summaries"; we dredged into Dead File for at least three years back, re-ran them under a synapse intensifier. We're Friends, Now

The synapse is like the network wire, or phone company wiring. Terminal Compromise: computer terrorism: when privacy and freedom are the victims: a novel

The more a synapse is used, the better synapse it becomes, and the better linkage it provides between some stimulus and some response. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

That synapse is in the spinal cord or brain stem, so it has to involve the CNS. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Smell is the one sensory modality that does not synapse in the thalamus before connecting to the cerebral cortex. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

It reached synapse and a tiny blip registered on cue. We're Friends, Now

Conversely, the axons of the corticospinal tract are largely contralateral, meaning that they cross the midline of the brain stem or spinal cord and synapse on the opposite side of the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

This particular synapse between the visual and the speech centers, being thus exercised, is left in an improved condition. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

Neurons in the salivary nuclei of the medulla project through these two nerves as preganglionic fibers, and synapse in ganglia located in the head. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

These neurons extend their axons to the dorsal horn, where they synapse with the second neuron in their respective pathway. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

"Post-subjective synapse!" another tech yelled, and there was a sudden scurry of activity about the screen. We're Friends, Now

The simplest reflex arc consists then of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone, meeting at a synapse in a lower or reflex center. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

Exercise makes a synapse closer, disuse lets it relapse into a loose and poorly conducting state. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

The synapse, then, is not a thing, but simply a junction between two neurones. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

Some axons project from the vestibular ganglion directly to the cerebellum, with no intervening synapse in the vestibular nuclei. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Could you—ah—clarify? arnold: Why, a synapse is the primary adjunct to memory! We're Friends, Now

Now here is a curious and significant fact: the dendrites are receiving organs, not transmitting; they pick up messages from the end-brushes across the synapse, but send out no messages to those end-brushes. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

In "c," the arrow points to a "basket"--an end-brush enveloping the cell body; while "d" shows what might be called a "telegraph-wire synapse." Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

Communication across a synapse is always in one direction, from end-brush to dendrites. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

With respect to the “wiring” involved, the synapse with the ganglionic neuron occurs at chain ganglia superior or inferior to the location of the central neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

F. Communication from one neurone to another occurs across a _____ called the synapse. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life

单词	synapse
例句	synapse The questions that drove me here are lost in some crippled synapse between us. The Adoration of Jenna Fox 2008-04-29T00:00:00Z “Either that or a synapse in my brain just got a fresh shot of BDNF.” The Smartest Kid in the Universe 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z How satisfying for us to think that a momentary synapse twitch in our brains counts as a meaningful step towards change. When Is 'Awareness' Awareness Month? 2014-10-06T04:00:00Z I became hardened by it, expecting them even, a synapse always firing and ready to spring into action across all platforms, because trolls will find you on every platform. Trolls and clapbacks: Are they the trolls, or am I? 2019-06-03T04:00:00Z The listening being depicted is a cognitive event: it happens in the skull and leaps from synapse to synapse, as if it were registering on a brain scan. Music, Fiction, and the Value of Attention 2015-01-27T05:00:00Z There’s no exploration, the language has no synapse to fire across, so it never illuminates. Throwing Weight Into Sound: Kaveh Akbar on Poetry and Power 2019-04-19T04:00:00Z Out on the street after the performance, your every synapse remains on high alert. ‘Downstate’ Review: A Foulness in the Very Air They Breathe 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z In an on-camera interview, Sam Roberts of The Times describes a “missing synapse” of empathy with the city’s African-American population, though “Koch” does not pursue this theme as far as it might. Movie Review: ‘Koch,’ Neil Barsky’s Documentary on the Former Mayor 2013-01-31T16:55:40Z That disruption would cause the dopamine to build up in the synapse and super-hella overstimulate the receptors, which, in seconds, would feel to her like aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah—the bliss of all bliss. The “I Do” of Addiction 2019-03-04T05:00:00Z Here, at least, they serve as poetic reminders of the great synapse between art and experience. Art in Review: Julien Bismuth: ‘An image as the _______ of a surface’ 2014-01-16T22:46:52Z Beyond the turnstiles, huge black fiberglass faces and silver “synapse” sculptures greet travelers while shifting, lenticular “mutablob” symbols tattoo the walls. \| The IRT, Italian Style 2011-04-20T18:15:12Z Limitations of the current study include an incomplete understanding of how this complex RNA machinery specifies neuron and synapse identity. 'Circular logic' of RNAs in Parkinson's disease 2023-09-18T04:00:00Z They each communicate with fellow neurons, muscles or other cells by releasing neurotransmitter chemicals at "synapse" junctions, ultimately producing functions ranging from emotions to motions. Individual neurons mix multiple RNA edits of key synapse protein, fly study finds 2023-09-18T04:00:00Z A memristor could "remember" its electric history, in a similar way to a synapse in a biological system. Prototype 'Brain-like' chip promises greener AI, says tech giant 2023-08-10T04:00:00Z Next, the data pass through the neural network layer by layer: the value of the neuron in one layer is multiplied by weight of the synapse and transferred to the neuron from the next layer. New Tool Reveals How AI Makes Decisions 2023-06-15T04:00:00Z Spinal motor neurons, which synapse on muscle cells, use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z These terminals in turn then synapse with other neurons, muscle, or target organs. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But when Dr. Kittelmann and her colleagues started to inspect the comb jelly neurons, they struggled to find a synapse between the neurons. Bizarre Sea Creatures Illuminate the Dawn of the Animal Kingdom 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z Earlier studies measuring glucose uptake in the brain during childhood suggest some of this work is neuronal growth and synapse development. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z Like the guys outside Price’s, I sat and pondered that bird, hoping the next bite would trigger some synapse to release the answer like a gumball from a quarter machine. Review \| Little Chicken is a downtown playground built with a lot of hard work 2022-10-10T04:00:00Z Once the target is reached, this well-studied first phase of axon growth culminates with formation of a junction with another neuron, known as a synapse. Giraffes vs. Blue Whales vs. Dinosaurs: Contest Reveals Which One Builds Its Nervous System Fastest to Evade Predators 2022-09-29T04:00:00Z Some of them are connected by lines, indicating a synapse between those particular neurons. How Squishy Math Is Revealing Doughnuts in the Brain 2022-09-26T04:00:00Z Figure 11.2 Early in prophase I, homologous chromosomes come together to form a synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z At the level of the spinal cord at which this axon makes a synapse, a graded potential occurs in the cell membrane of a lower motor neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This meant that forming an associative memory involves synapse formation and loss, but not necessarily changes in the strength of existing synapses, as previously thought. Where are memories stored in the brain? Research suggests they may be in connections between cells 2022-01-16T05:00:00Z Musser, Arendt, and their colleagues report finding some of these neuroid cells and documenting that they have active genes in common with the side of a synapse that sends a signal to another nerve cell. Sponge innards suggest how nerve cells evolved 2021-11-03T04:00:00Z It is easy to convert this static image into a graph because it indicates the data points, as well as the lines between them: two neurons are connected if a synapse linking them is firing. How Squishy Math Is Revealing Doughnuts in the Brain 2022-09-26T04:00:00Z In preparation for the first division of meiosis, homologous chromosomes replicate and synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Sensory axons enter the brain to synapse in a nucleus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It's still unknown whether synapse generation and loss actually drive memory formation. Where are memories stored in the brain? Research suggests they may be in connections between cells 2022-01-16T05:00:00Z And next to neuroid cells are digestive cells whose active genes include those typically expressed in the receiving cell of a synapse, the scientists showed. Sponge innards suggest how nerve cells evolved 2021-11-03T04:00:00Z Once tau pathology is clearly established, however, microglia may drive synapse loss and the death of neurons. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z These terminals in turn synapse on other neurons, muscle, or target organs. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Neurons located in the primary motor cortex, named Betz cells, are large cortical neurons that synapse with lower motor neurons in the brain stem or in the spinal cord. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Intriguingly, a number of the molecular mechanisms involved in fortifying and preserving synapse strength appear to require significant downtime between bouts of activity. Cramming may help for next-day exams. But for long-term memory, spacing out study is what works. 2020-11-27T05:00:00Z That’s reminiscent of communicating nerve cells and suggests neuroid and digestive cells may be ancestral to cells that form the two sides of the synapse. Sponge innards suggest how nerve cells evolved 2021-11-03T04:00:00Z She thinks that perturbations in brain development, particularly during the period of rapid synapse formation and pruning during puberty, might create structural and functional conditions that predispose certain people to migraines. Closing the gender gap in migraine research 2020-10-13T04:00:00Z In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The central neuron projects from the spinal cord or brain stem to synapse on the ganglionic neuron that projects to the effector. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z First, there will be a lag between release of ATP by a synapse and the production of local ADO after microglial processes are drawn to that synapse. Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z That research explores topics as diverse as protein synthesis in yeast and synapse formation in embryonic fruit flies. Female scientists allege discrimination, neglect of research on women at NIH’s child health institute 2020-04-02T04:00:00Z In the hippocampus, using similar methods, Andersen and Eccles together pinpointed the first inhibitory synapse in the brain, going from basket cells to the bodies of pyramidal cells. Per Andersen (1930–2020) 2020-03-19T04:00:00Z In a chemical synapse, the action potential causes release of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, which projects to the submandibular gland and sublingual gland. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z His University of Pavia lab studies synapse formation as well as collagen production and its possible implications in cancer metastasis. Labs go quiet as researchers brace for long-term coronavirus disruptions 2020-03-13T04:00:00Z It turns out that strengthening a synapse cannot produce a memory on its own, except for the most elementary reflexes in simple circuits. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z For some reason, exposure to space radiation activates these cells in male mice only and can cause synapse loss in the hippocampus, the brain structure that mediates memory formation. We Should Send Women on a Mars Mission 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z Multiple signals from a single synapse are integrated at the axon hillock, which then passes the signal into the axon, where the signal is transferred to another cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The parasympathetic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in the otic ganglion, which projects to the parotid gland. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Many mental illnesses and neurological conditions, from Alzheimer's to depression, are accompanied by synapse loss or dysfunction. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z A narrow focus on the synapse has given us a mere stick-figure conception of how learning and the memories it engenders work. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z This suggests that glypican 3 is necessary and sufficient in the context of glioblastoma to regulate seizures by controlling synapse formation in the neuronal tissue around the tumour. Brain tumours manipulate neighbouring synapses 2020-01-28T05:00:00Z Nerve impulses traveling down motor neurons cause the release of the acetylcholine from vesicles in the axon terminus into the synapse between the neuron and the muscle fiber. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z At a chemical synapse, neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic element and diffuses across the synaptic cleft. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Instead, there is a tiny bit of space between the cells; this is called the synapse. Glutamate Built the Brain—Can It Treat It Too? 2020-01-13T05:00:00Z Surprisingly, research in the past decade has shown that astrocytes positioned close to the synapse between two neurons can regulate synaptic transmission during learning by releasing or taking up neurotransmitters there. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z During that disturbance, some of the proteins at the synapse that help receive and interpret these signals get broken down and recycled. Ketamine disrupts memories to help heavy drinkers cut back 2019-11-26T05:00:00Z The poison form the krait snake’s bungarotoxin binds irreversibly to acetylcholine receptors interfering with acetylcholine binding at the synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The particular characteristics of a synapse vary based on the neurotransmitter system produced by that neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Baker and his students, including senior graduate student Evan Hess, want to challenge the dogma that the critical communication within the brain, particularly by glutamate, only occurs within the synapse. Glutamate Built the Brain—Can It Treat It Too? 2020-01-13T05:00:00Z In venturing beyond the synapse, we are beginning to fill out the stick-figure skeleton of synaptic plasticity to create a fuller picture of what happens in our brain when we learn. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z The researchers’ RNA sequencing revealed changes in genes related to the role of the microglia in synapse organization and assembly. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z The junction between nerve cells where signal transmission occurs is called a synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These axons then travel to the spinal cord level at which they synapse with a lower motor neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The “sleep time” transcripts tended to be for proteins that regulate building other proteins, while the “wake time” instructions were for proteins linked to synapse function. Sleep Deprivation Shuts Down Production of Essential Brain Proteins 2019-10-10T04:00:00Z Hanahan and his colleagues showed that when breast-cancer cells infiltrate the brain, they form a specialized type of synapse that allows them to soak up a chemical called glutamate. Cancer cells have ‘unsettling’ ability to hijack the brain’s nerves 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z These intriguing findings raise the possibility that approaches targeting specific types of glutamate receptor, postsynaptic signalling processes or the mechanisms needed for synapse formation might provide therapeutic targets for slowing tumour proliferation. Dangerous liaisons as tumour cells form synapses with neurons 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another or to another type of cell such as a muscle cell occurs across a junction called a synapse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the ventral horn, these axons synapse with their corresponding lower motor neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This finding prompted researchers to ask just how cells translated Arc RNA into a protein at the synapse. A protein in your brain behaves like a virus, infecting your cells with memories 2019-08-12T04:00:00Z That connection strength is determined by the amount of a particular type of receptor found at the synapse. The forgotten part of memory 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z “You couldn’t get further from the truth of what a synapse actually is than a single number in a matrix,” Sussillo says. How AI and neuroscience drive each other forwards 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z For example, the knee reflex that a doctor tests during a routine physical is controlled by a single synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The corticospinal fibers that project to the ventral horn of the spinal cord have branches that also synapse in the pons, which project to the cerebellum. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Whereas the original connectomes report each synapse as simply being present, Cook et al. provide each with a physical location and a weight — an indirect measure of strength based on physical size. Neural networks mapped in both sexes of the worm 2019-07-02T04:00:00Z Instead, I’m talking about a voter synapse that Biden is well positioned to fire like few Democrats have since Jimmy Carter carried the Sunday school vote in 1976. Opinion \| Trump is a religious poser. That gives Biden an opportunity. 2019-05-31T04:00:00Z Researchers next plan to track people over time to measure changes in synapse levels. Researchers find clues that depression may speed brain aging 2019-02-14T05:00:00Z Multiple signals from a single synapse are integrated at the axon hillock, which then passes the signal into the axon, where the signal is transferred to another cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The interneuron receives a synapse from the axon of the sensory neuron that detects that the hand is being burned. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z At the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Janelia Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia, for instance, researchers are working to map every neuron and synapse in the Drosophila fruit fly. Technologies to watch in 2019 2019-01-22T05:00:00Z Imagine a similar situation, in which the target was another port: the synapse, the specialized port of communication between neurons. Prehistoric Viruses and the Function of the Brain 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z When the synapsin is phosphorylated, the droplet rapidly dissipates and the vesicles are freed to spill the neurotransmitters into the synapse. "Lava-Lamp" Proteins May Help Cells Cheat Death 2018-11-28T05:00:00Z A signal is released from axon terminal, passes through the axon, and synapse with dendrites. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z All of these motor pathways project to the spinal cord to synapse with motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Then, instead of processing every signal individually, these signals are added up by a transistor that mimics the biological synapse. Moving skin beyond the biological 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z For example, one gene might be involved in turning up the volume on one side of the synapse, while another gene might ask the other side of the synapse to turn up the gain. Prehistoric Viruses and the Function of the Brain 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z When a neuron fires, the pulse of electricity from one synapse to another can be converted into sound—something between a pop and a scratch. How to Control a Machine with Your Brain 2018-11-19T05:00:00Z A signal is released from the axon terminal, passes through the axon, and synapse with dendrites. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These bulbs are what make the connection with the target cell at the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z And some smart researchers went for a crowdsourcing approach to this tedious work of outlining all synapse and converted that to Eyewire, a game to map the brain. How Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Can Revolutionize Science 2018-10-30T04:00:00Z Scores of laboratories all over the world are focused on understanding the rules controlling how neurons communicate across the synapse. Prehistoric Viruses and the Function of the Brain 2018-12-11T05:00:00Z From there, it’s but the wink of a synapse to “he’s crooked” or “it’s fixed.” Perspective \| If legalized gambling is the future, our sports are really in trouble 2018-10-05T04:00:00Z Chemical and electrical synapse are two mechanisms by which signals can be transferred between neurons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Many of these transient signals originate at the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The point at which two neurons meet is called a synapse and chemical signals are transported between neurons, across these synapses. Why scientists are transplanting artificially grown “brains” into living brains 2018-09-14T04:00:00Z However, the hearing system includes a large synapse called the calyx of held. Tulane researcher gets 5-year grant for hearing research 2018-08-12T04:00:00Z A new study found that tame foxes are likely to carry a unique version of SorCS1, a gene that helps ferry proteins involved in synapse formation and nervous system signaling. Top stories: friendly foxes, a creature from a lost world, and wasps that won’t wait 2018-08-10T04:00:00Z These neurons are dedicated to that particular stimulus and synapse with particular neurons in the brain or spinal cord. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The neurotransmitter is cleared from the synapse either by enzymatic degradation, neuronal reuptake, or glial reuptake. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But Eagles raises a fair point that the theory does not currently explain why myelination increases the speed of nerve pulses or how a mechanical pulse might trigger neurotransmitter release at a synapse. Readers Respond to the April 2018 Issue 2018-08-03T04:00:00Z The world is a dark place, so when light comes our way, it is our duty as human beings to embrace it with every sinew and synapse that we can muster. England v India: first Test, day one - live! 2018-08-01T04:00:00Z The molecule inhibits an enzyme called nSMase2, which plays an important part in the release of vesicles in which tau crosses the synapse. Ways to stop the spread of Alzheimer’s disease 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z When the hairs bend, they release an excitatory neurotransmitter at a synapse with a sensory neuron, which then conducts action potentials to the central nervous system. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A simple case is a reflex caused by a synapse between a dorsal sensory neuron axon and a motor neuron in the ventral horn. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Among them are how Heimburg's model accounts, quantitatively, for the increased velocity of conduction in myelinated axons and the mechanism by which it leads to transmission across a chemical synapse. Readers Respond to the April 2018 Issue 2018-08-03T04:00:00Z This triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and might contribute to synapse loss. An age-old story of dementia 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z The result is a reconstruction that lets researchers zoom in on the features of an individual synapse. In a ‘tour de force,’ researchers image an entire fly brain in minute detail 2018-07-19T04:00:00Z For example, neurotransmitters are released across a synapse to transfer messages between neurons Figure 1.3. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z At the level of the spinal cord at which the preganglionic sympathetic fiber exits the spinal cord, a branch will synapse on a neuron in the adjacent chain ganglion. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But Glanzman said he is convinced RNA is playing a role that eclipses the synapse. Memory Transferred Between Snails, Challenging Standard Theory of How the Brain Remembers 2018-05-14T04:00:00Z But some synapse misfired in the presidential amygdala, and what Haley thought she knew was no longer the case. Opinion \| Trust Trump, look like a fool. Just ask Nikki Haley. 2018-04-18T04:00:00Z This memory enables such devices to mimic the behaviour of a neural synapse, making them of great interest for creating brain-inspired neuromorphic computing architectures. Multi-terminal memtransistors from polycrystalline monolayer molybdenum disulfide 2018-02-20T05:00:00Z Genes known to harbor spontaneous mutations linked to these conditions also fall within one of the synapse modules. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z This fiber then makes a synapse on the ganglionic neuron that projects to the target effector. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Yet these devices are still inefficient, especially when they transmit information across the gap, or synapse, between transistors. Artificial neurons compute faster than the human brain 2018-01-25T05:00:00Z It probed the roles of different types of glial cell—astrocytes and microglia—in synapse elimination, for example. Ben Barres (1955–2017) 2018-01-02T05:00:00Z Among other things, the glia appeared to help neurons form synapse connections to transmit electrical signals throughout the brain. Ben Barres, transgender brain researcher and advocate of diversity in science, dies at 63 2017-12-30T05:00:00Z Like a bastardised chocolate bar, each causes a microscopic synapse of surprise to fire, a sensation we fleetingly mistake for fun. Why novelty versions of Monopoly are just wrong \| David Mitchell 2017-09-17T04:00:00Z These fibers synapse on motor neurons in the ventral horn. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The more the synapse is stimulated, the more the connection is reinforced and learning improved. Quick-Thinking AI Camera Mimics the Human Brain 2017-06-22T04:00:00Z The problem, researchers say, is some as-yet-undiscovered short-fuse in the mind, a mental hiccup or thorn, some synapse firing right instead of left. Jon Lester picks off a runner, and other famous cases of athletes battling the yips - Golf Digest 2017-06-06T04:00:00Z Less important memories may not get entirely axed but merely pared down—although each synapse shrinks, the overall pattern of connections that constitute a memory remains. Sleep Shrinks the Brain's Synapses to Make Room for New Learning 2017-06-03T04:00:00Z These changes at the synapse level cause neural restructuring that very likely has important consequences for normal and abnormal brain function. Why Is Synaptic Pruning Important for the Developing Brain? 2017-05-29T04:00:00Z The synapse is the gap between nerve cells, or between a nerve cell and its target, for example, a muscle or a gland, across which the impulse is transmitted by chemical compounds known as neurotransmitters. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Sarin and these insecticides inhibit enzymes that rapidly break down acetylcholine after it is released from a synapse to terminate the signal. Sickness that lasts a lifetime: Survivors of the gas attack in Syria face long-term illness 2017-04-13T04:00:00Z Currently, you can model someone’s brain at the synapse level only by slicing it up after the person is dead. Silicon Valley’s Quest to Live Forever 2017-03-27T04:00:00Z Owing to the peculiar architecture of neurons, it is a challenge for these cells to alter local gene expression at the synapse in response to neuronal input or changes in the synaptic environment. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z There is abundant evidence to support a physiological role for amyloid-β at the synapse, and the data also suggest that synaptic activity is an important source of amyloid-β in the parenchyma26. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z When a neuron is sufficiently stimulated, it generates an action potential that propagates down the axon towards the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They are the ones who serve as that delicate synapse between young Americans willing to die for their country, and the elected leaders who order them to be ready to do so. Donald Trump's Coming Clash With the Military Generals 2016-09-11T04:00:00Z “It’s like every synapse in my body was firing,” he says. The Story Behind TIME's Original 9/11 Cover 2016-09-10T04:00:00Z “Once we had recognized that immunological proteins can tag and mark synapses for pruning, we asked, What process does the actual pruning? Who does the synapse editing?” Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z The effects of amyloid-β on synapse activity vary with its extracellular concentration: low levels of amyloid-β promote excitatory activity and higher levels depress it. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z If enough neurotransmitters are released at the synapse to stimulate the next neuron or target, a response is generated. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Some models might be very small and detailed, for example, focusing on a single synapse. Neural modelling: Abstractions of the mind : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-03-01T05:00:00Z "If nerve cell A is connected to nerve cell B, and A takes part in firing B, then the synapse - the connection between A and B - will be strengthened," Prof Bliss explained. 'Brain Prize' for UK research on memory mechanisms - BBC News 2016-03-01T05:00:00Z Perhaps C4A, like the other immunological factors that Stevens had identified in synapse pruning, marks neuronal synapses destined to be eliminated during normal brain development. Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z Indeed, the onset of autism often follows a period when there is a burst of synapse formation. Brain gains 2016-01-27T05:00:00Z The ACh molecules diffuse across a minute space called the synaptic cleft and bind to ACh receptors located within the motor end-plate of the sarcolemma on the other side of the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The details of these variations differ from synapse to synapse. Will You Ever Be Able to Upload Your Brain? 2015-10-10T04:00:00Z In a second step, each neuron was matched with a certain pattern of electrical activity, and each synapse assigned to either activate a neighboring neuron or inhibit it. Rat brain—or a smidgeon of it—is modeled in a computer 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z Sekar and McCarroll soon launched a series of collaborative experiments with Beth Stevens to determine how C4A might be involved in synapse editing, and how synapse editing, in turn, might be linked to schizophrenia. Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z The answer to what confers these preferences may be found in ongoing studies to identify the molecular components of each synapse, says neuroscientist Seth Grant at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Crumb of mouse brain reconstructed in full detail 2015-07-29T04:00:00Z In an electrical synapse, there is a direct connection between the two cells so that ions can pass directly from one cell to the next. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Why does a synapse need to be so complex? Will You Ever Be Able to Upload Your Brain? 2015-10-10T04:00:00Z In addition to the brain neuron and synapse changes, the mice exhibited decreased performance on learning and memory tests. A space odyssey: cosmic rays may damage the brains of astronauts 2015-05-01T04:00:00Z There was evidence of synapse pruning in the cortex of the brain during learning, cognition, and the formation of memories. Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z “That implies to me that the memory wasn’t stored in the synapse.” Memories likely can’t be erased: Research offers new clues to how we remember 2015-04-04T04:00:00Z If one cell is depolarized in an electrical synapse, the joined cell also depolarizes because the ions pass between the cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Without being able to characterize how each synapse would respond in real time to new inputs and modify itself in response to them, we cannot reconstruct the dynamic, learning, changing entity that is the mind. Will You Ever Be Able to Upload Your Brain? 2015-10-10T04:00:00Z If memory is not located in the synapse, then where is it? Memories May Not Live in Neurons’ Synapses 2015-03-28T04:00:00Z I'm not sure it would make much difference whether each synapse is binary, or decimal, etc. Sebastian Seung’s Quest to Map the Human Brain 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z There’s no way that we will understand the function of complex biological systems such as the brain by just describing another synapse or describing another neuron or pathway or modelling on paper and blackboards. MedidataVoice: Where Are the Funds for Life Sciences' Greatest Challenges? 2014-10-23T04:00:00Z This section will concentrate on the chemical type of synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It is not clear if too many synapses are the main reason for autism, but many genes linked to autism play a role in synapse pruning. Researchers reverse autism symptoms in mice by paring extra synapses “That implies to me that the memory wasn't stored in the synapse.” Memories May Not Live in Neurons’ Synapses 2015-03-28T04:00:00Z It seems unlikely that a synapse can store many bits. Sebastian Seung’s Quest to Map the Human Brain 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z By late childhood, synapse density fell by about half in the brains of children without autism, but fell only 16 percent in the brains of those with autism. Kids With Autism Have Extra Brain Connections, Study Says 2014-08-21T04:00:00Z This includes the NMJ as an example of a cholinergic synapse, but cholinergic synapses are found in other parts of the nervous system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The team chose rapamycin because it works by inhibiting a protein called mTOR whose overactivity, the team found, inhibits synapse pruning. Researchers reverse autism symptoms in mice by paring extra synapses When the neuroscientists took a closer look at the brain cells, they found that even when the synapse was erased, molecular and chemical changes persisted after the initial firing within the cell itself. Memories May Not Live in Neurons’ Synapses 2015-03-28T04:00:00Z “A synapse is a very costly thing to support.” I Don't Love Lucy: New Movie, Bad Science 2014-07-28T04:00:00Z The researchers measured "synapse density" in a small section of tissue in each brain. Kids With Autism Have Extra Brain Connections, Study Says 2014-08-21T04:00:00Z Amino acid neurotransmitters are eliminated from the synapse by reuptake. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z And the discovery that synapse pruning reversed autistic behavior in the lab mice suggests that overconnectivity may be key. Researchers reverse autism symptoms in mice by paring extra synapses Their disappearance severs the connection to the hair cells across the tiny gap, or synapse. Just 1 Rock Concert or Football Game May Cause Permanent Hearing Damage 2014-04-14T12:40:38Z “The synapse is a hugely complicated machine — how can we mess with it in such a way that we can get a disorder where people develop normally for a couple of decades?” asks Sullivan. Genetics: Unravelling complexity 2014-04-02T17:21:00.997Z The researchers also noted extremely low levels in these mice brains of a biochemical associated with healthy synapse function. Well: How Fat May Hurt the Brain, and How Exercise May Help 2014-03-05T05:01:35Z Dopamine is removed from the synapse by transport proteins in the presynaptic cell membrane. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A synapse is where one neuron communicates with another, forming functional circuits. Researchers reverse autism symptoms in mice by paring extra synapses The pathways highlighted by these mutations link HSP to cellular transport, nucleotide metabolism, and synapse and axon development. [Research Article] Exome Sequencing Links Corticospinal Motor Neuron Disease to Common Neurodegenerative Disorders 2014-01-30T19:25:57.025Z When Hh signaling is disrupted, centrosome polarization to the immunological synapse is reduced, and cytotoxic T cell–mediated killing is impaired. [Report] Hedgehog Signaling Controls T Cell Killing at the Immunological Synapse 2013-12-05T18:57:29.425Z But low levels of the marker of synapse health suggested to the researchers that in these obese animals’ inflamed brains, synapses were no longer functioning properly and messages between neurons likely jerked, hiccuped or stalled. Well: How Fat May Hurt the Brain, and How Exercise May Help 2014-03-05T05:01:35Z In neurons, these kinds of changes are often the basis of stronger connections between cells at the synapse and may be the basis of learning and memory. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When such a cell fires, an electrical impulse travels down its length until it reaches a synapse—a point at which one nerve cell abuts another. The 2013 Nobel prizes: Higgs’s bosuns 2013-10-10T15:00:39Z When a neuron “fires”, it undergoes something called an action potential, a wave of changing voltages that goes along the membrane until it reaches the synapse. Lighting up the brain with ArcLight 2013-08-12T13:45:03.067Z Each virtual synapse tracks both sets of statistics. As Machines Get Smarter, Evidence Grows that They Learn Like Us 2013-07-24T19:15:00.687Z A synapse is a connection between two neurons, across which they communicate via messenger molecules called neurotransmitters. Understanding Alzheimer’s disease: Beta testing 2013-06-20T15:05:37Z Axons from the peripheral sensory organs, or intermediate nuclei, synapse in the thalamus, and thalamic neurons project directly to the cerebrum. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To sustain élan toward the other, there must be a synapse to cross. Unexcited? There May Be a Pill for That 2013-05-22T11:01:03Z At the synapse, the changing voltages trigger neurotransmission, where chemical signals are released from one neuron to then simulate receptors on other neurons. Lighting up the brain with ArcLight 2013-08-12T13:45:03.067Z If the neurons it connects fire in close sequence more frequently when driven by data than when they are firing randomly, the weight of the synapse is increased by an amount proportional to the difference. As Machines Get Smarter, Evidence Grows that They Learn Like Us 2013-07-24T19:15:00.687Z Taking a cue from the Human Genome Project of the 1990s, the $30 million Human Connectome Project aims – ultimately – to help create a digitized map of every neuron and synapse in the human nervous system. Why Brain-Mapping Efforts Matter - Even If They Don t Succeed 2013-03-18T13:45:00.420Z It is a requisite synapse in any sensory pathway, except for olfaction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z What happens, for instance, if a neurotransmitter like dopamine escapes from the immediate connection point, a synapse, and interacts with a synapse at some distance. Big Neuroscience: Billions and Billions (Maybe) to Unravel Mysteries of the Brain 2013-02-25T16:45:05.473Z We conclude that cortical growth impairments are associated with diffuse disturbances in the dendritic arbor and synapse formation of cortical neurons, which may underlie the cognitive and learning disabilities in survivors of preterm birth. [Research Articles] Prenatal Cerebral Ischemia Disrupts MRI-Defined Cortical Microstructure Through Disturbances in Neuronal Arborization 2013-01-16T20:25:08.363Z Firing may trigger connected neurons to fire, too, depending on the weight of the synapse between them. As Machines Get Smarter, Evidence Grows that They Learn Like Us 2013-07-24T19:15:00.687Z Neuroscientists estimate that a human brain may contain about 150 trillion of them, and no two are quite identical – either to one another, or to any synapse in anyone else’s brain. Why Brain-Mapping Efforts Matter - Even If They Don t Succeed 2013-03-18T13:45:00.420Z The contact is a synapse where another graded potential is caused by the release of a chemical signal from the axon terminals. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These cells are probably generated, in part, from grid cells in the MEC, one synapse upstream. The entorhinal grid map is discretized 2012-12-11T21:22:10.423Z The amount of neurotransmitters released varies depending on a few factors, including how often a particular synapse is used. What is a Neural Network? 2012-11-14T14:15:00.217Z But if two neurons more often fire together during random firing than data-driven firing, the synapse connecting them is too thick and consequently is weakened. As Machines Get Smarter, Evidence Grows that They Learn Like Us 2013-07-24T19:15:00.687Z We may not map every synapse of the human brain in our own lifetimes – but after all, front-page breakthroughs aren’t really what hard science is about. Why Brain-Mapping Efforts Matter - Even If They Don t Succeed 2013-03-18T13:45:00.420Z Another synapse passes the information along to the next neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Many researchers believe that autism begins at the synapse, and mutations in have appeared in some forms of the disorder. Rewiring the Autistic Brain 2012-09-13T20:00:00Z When an electrical impulse—or action potential—reaches a twig, the neuron flings spurts of chemical messages across the synapse. The Neuroscience of Twenty-Somethings 2012-08-29T15:45:03.363Z The findings suggested that the same mechanism — PV synapse proliferation followed by pruning — underlies all critical periods. Neurodevelopment: Unlocking the brain 2012-07-04T17:20:51.997Z At everyone of these, a synapse occurs with some probability, as if it were the outcome of tossing a biased coin. Another Perspective on Massive Brain Simulations 2012-06-11T16:15:00.407Z The neurotransmitter diffuses across the short distance of the synapse and binds to a receptor protein of the target neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Given the spate of new imaging studies, he says, “I think microglia cells are probably extremely important for synapse remodelling and plasticity in development.” Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z These are the human faces to your synapse, neurotransmitter and amygdala coordination, or lack thereof. Science, meet life: Why I write on addiction in the Bronx 2012-04-11T19:15:00.187Z The frontal lobe – responsible for executive functions such as planning and inhibiting inappropriate behavior – shows a marked fall in synapse density as the result of neuronal pruning. Scientists Track the Dynamics of Sleep 2012-02-16T19:09:27Z For example, neurotransmitter molecules might escape from one synapse, and diffuse away to be sensed by a more distant neuron. Another Perspective on Massive Brain Simulations 2012-06-11T16:15:00.407Z At another synapse, neurotransmitter is released and binds to its receptor. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “I think there's a way to connect all of these observations, and to really test the idea that they're all part of a signalling system for synapse elimination,” Shatz says. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z We found that the neuron receiving the connection talks to the neurons sending the transmitter, and regulates the reliability of the synapse, so that it is not too excited or silent — it maintains a balance. Turning point: Tiago Branco 2012-01-05T02:50:28.457Z The EEG changes reflect significant milestones in brain development, including increased myelination and synapse formation as well as development of connections between the left and right cerebral cortices. Surety Bond: Breast-Feeding May Increase Children's IQ 2011-11-16T20:45:00.300Z Neural Darwinism includes activity-dependent synapse elimination, which makes the surviving connections end up nonrandom. Another Perspective on Massive Brain Simulations 2012-06-11T16:15:00.407Z Acetylcholine is released at this specialized synapse, which causes the muscle action potential to begin, following a large potential known as an end plate potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the human brain, a synapse is the structure which enables a neuron to send information to other parts of the brain. MIT Scientists Develop A Chip That Mimics Brain Synapses 2011-11-15T21:48:11Z The sight of an off-speed pitch, though, triggers some synapse, and when Beltre connects, he drops one knee to the ground as though he’s praying not to whiff. Adrian Beltre?s Unique Home Run Swing Set Up Rangers? Comeback 2011-10-25T08:22:01Z But the physicochemical effect that it induces at a synapse must be different in kind. 50 Years Ago: Nerve Cells Talking 2011-09-14T11:45:05.593Z This could lead to interactions between neurons not connected by a synapse, or even between neurons that do not actually contact each other. Another Perspective on Massive Brain Simulations 2012-06-11T16:15:00.407Z The sensory pathway for gustation travels along the facial and glossopharyngeal cranial nerves, which synapse with neurons of the solitary nucleus in the brain stem. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These proteins connect two nerve cells, stabilizing the synapse between them and enabling the transmission of signals from cell to cell. Splintered by Stress 2011-08-25T12:45:02.287Z In Parkinson’s disease, neurons fire incorrectly due to the lack of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that carries the electrical signal across the tiny gap between neurons known as a synapse. The Neuron Whisperers 2011-07-12T14:26:00Z The contact of the axon of one neuron with the dendrons of another is called a synapse. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z The emerging pathway is likely a problem that occurs at the synapse, the point of contact between neurons, Zoghbi says. Clues to Autism Emerge in Protein Network 2011-06-08T19:27:40Z This is a specialized synaptic structure at which multiple axon terminals synapse with the muscle fiber sarcolemma. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Inside a nerve cell, new proteins form and this cascading set of molecular events eventually ends up altering the structure of the synapse, the connection point between neurons. Memories Are Made of This: Drugs to Boost Recall—or Destroy It 2011-06-03T21:15:03.160Z "Certainly to describe a biological neuron or synapse, you need to do a lot more computation," Bettencourt says. Too Hard for Science? Simulating the Human Brain 2011-05-09T13:15:00.320Z These are transferred from neuron to neuron through the synapse. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z This week, investors will try to assess the economic damage to the world's third-largest economy, a country hard wired into every synapse of global finance's nervous system. Investors Survey a Damaged Economy 2011-03-13T19:39:23Z What are referred to here as synapses may not fit the strictest definition of synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The only way to provide a full account of what goes on at the synapse is to build a computer model that is as realistic as possible. Signals in a Storm: Seeing Brain Cells Communicate (preview) 2011-03-09T13:45:02.597Z In addition, simple models describing each synapse as firing about 10 times per second fail to capture the full complexity of the real system. Too Hard for Science? Simulating the Human Brain 2011-05-09T13:15:00.320Z If what we might call, to borrow a figure from electricity, the voltage of the cell impulse be sufficient to overcome the resistance at the synapse, the impulse passes from neuron to neuron. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z This suggests the possibility that increasing the amount of this enzyme in neurons would strengthen every synapse on the neuron. A Pill to Remember 2011-03-04T23:15:00.840Z Figure 15.5 Autonomic Varicosities The connection between autonomic fibers and target effectors is not the same as the typical synapse, such as the neuromuscular junction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To keep the memory, that synapse must endure. Enzyme Can Strengthen Old Memories 2011-03-04T00:45:00.450Z In October researchers at Columbia University reported that young mice predisposed to acquiring Alzheimer’s accumulate protein clusters in synaptic mitochondria and that these clusters directly impair synapse function. A Case of Low Energy: The Link between Alzheimer's and Mitochondria 2011-02-02T14:15:00.237Z At the side of a synapse that belongs to the transmitting neuron, an electrical signal arrives and releases packets of chemicals. In Map of Brain Junction, Avenues to Answers 2010-12-21T00:36:08Z "We now recognize that these synapse proteins are the molecular basis of many brain diseases," he told reporters before presenting his findings at the Forum for European Neuroscience in Amsterdam on Monday. Brain diseases linked to nerve cell junction defects 2010-07-05T15:18:00Z Also, to increase the effectiveness of adrenergic chemicals released from the fibers, some of these drugs may block the removal or reuptake of the neurotransmitter from the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The neurons use a network of genes to build a complete scaffolding to support the synapse. The Search for Genes Leads to Unexpected Places 2010-04-26T20:22:00Z Toddlers sit on the sidewalk, bewitched to stillness in the breeze that sweeps the notes around us, vibrations subtle and impermanent as the synapse of a fading memory. Metropolitan Diary 2010-04-19T01:43:00Z The tools are optical, like the microscopes I build to observe and manipulate synapse function. 2010-02-09T03:44:00Z In a follow-up study using mice, Grant's team found that by using various drugs to change the proteins in the synapse, the link to disease was also altered. Brain diseases linked to nerve cell junction defects 2010-07-05T15:18:00Z They both emerge from the inner ear, pass through the internal auditory meatus, and synapse in nuclei of the superior medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The place of juxtaposition of the end of one neurone against the beginning of another is called the synapse. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Every synapse sagged under the increasing load of sensitivity. Turning Point Repeated exercise may probably bring a synapse from a very loose condition to a state of close interweaving and excellent power of transmitting the nerve current. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life The fibers of the small animals grew slowly along the neural arcs, replacing each nerve cell, forming a junction at each synapse. Collectivum Collateral branches of these fibers synapse on neurons in the pons, which then project into the cerebellar cortex through the middle cerebellar peduncles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z We began by resurrecting a huge number of "Summaries"; we dredged into Dead File for at least three years back, re-ran them under a synapse intensifier. We're Friends, Now The synapse is like the network wire, or phone company wiring. Terminal Compromise: computer terrorism: when privacy and freedom are the victims: a novel The more a synapse is used, the better synapse it becomes, and the better linkage it provides between some stimulus and some response. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life That synapse is in the spinal cord or brain stem, so it has to involve the CNS. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Smell is the one sensory modality that does not synapse in the thalamus before connecting to the cerebral cortex. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It reached synapse and a tiny blip registered on cue. We're Friends, Now Conversely, the axons of the corticospinal tract are largely contralateral, meaning that they cross the midline of the brain stem or spinal cord and synapse on the opposite side of the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This particular synapse between the visual and the speech centers, being thus exercised, is left in an improved condition. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life Neurons in the salivary nuclei of the medulla project through these two nerves as preganglionic fibers, and synapse in ganglia located in the head. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These neurons extend their axons to the dorsal horn, where they synapse with the second neuron in their respective pathway. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z "Post-subjective synapse!" another tech yelled, and there was a sudden scurry of activity about the screen. We're Friends, Now The simplest reflex arc consists then of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone, meeting at a synapse in a lower or reflex center. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life Exercise makes a synapse closer, disuse lets it relapse into a loose and poorly conducting state. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life The synapse, then, is not a thing, but simply a junction between two neurones. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life Some axons project from the vestibular ganglion directly to the cerebellum, with no intervening synapse in the vestibular nuclei. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Could you—ah—clarify? arnold: Why, a synapse is the primary adjunct to memory! We're Friends, Now Now here is a curious and significant fact: the dendrites are receiving organs, not transmitting; they pick up messages from the end-brushes across the synapse, but send out no messages to those end-brushes. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life In "c," the arrow points to a "basket"--an end-brush enveloping the cell body; while "d" shows what might be called a "telegraph-wire synapse." Psychology A Study Of Mental Life Communication across a synapse is always in one direction, from end-brush to dendrites. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life With respect to the “wiring” involved, the synapse with the ganglionic neuron occurs at chain ganglia superior or inferior to the location of the central neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z F. Communication from one neurone to another occurs across a _____ called the synapse. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life
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