GN is often caused by antigen-antibody complexes depositing in the glomerular tissue.

肾小球肾炎通常是由于抗原-抗体复合物沉积在肾小球组织。

IgA nephropathy is therefore a type III hypersensitivity disorder, meaning that pathology and inflammation will happen at the site the immune complexes deposit, not where they are formed.

因此IgA肾病是一种III型超敏反应，意味着病理和炎症反应会发生在免疫复合物沉积的地方，而不是发生在免疫复合物形成的地方。

On light microscopy, there'll often be mesangial proliferation, or expansion of the mesangium, and upon getting a closer look with electron microscopy, there'll be immune complexes deposited within the mesangium.

光学显微镜下，常常可见系膜增生或系膜扩张，进一步电镜下观察，可见免疫复合物沉积于系膜上。

Alright, quick recap—membranous glomerulonephritis is where immune complexes deposit in the GBM, causing a thickening of that GBM and a " spike and dome" appearance that leads to nephrotic syndrome.

好，快速回顾一下：在膜性肾小球肾炎中，免疫复合物沉积在肾小球基膜，引起肾小球基膜增厚和“钉状突起”，导致肾病综合征。

When the abnormal IgA1-IgG immune complexes deposit in the mesangium, the alternative complement pathway is activated, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and migration of macrophages into the kidney, all of which contributes to glomerular injury.

当异常的IgA1-IgG免疫复合物沉积在系膜上时，补体旁路途径被激活，导致促炎因子的释放，同时促进巨噬细胞向肾迁移，以上所有反应会导致肾小球的损伤。