During surgery, physical damage to vessels activates the clotting cascade.

在手术过程中，血管壁的物理损伤激活了凝血系统。

During stasis, platelets and other clotting factors contact the endothelium, and prolonged interaction leads to clotting factor adhesion, and, ultimately, activation of the clotting cascade.

当血流瘀滞发生时，血小板、其他凝血因子、内皮细胞长时间的互相作用，最终导致凝血级联反应的激活。

Long-term treatment to prevent future thrombi from forming can include anticoagulant medications like warfarin or heparin, which inhibit the clotting cascade and prevent clot formation.

预防DVT的长期疗法包括华法林、肝素等抗凝药物的使用，可以阻断凝血反应。