For chronic laryngitis, though, laryngoscopy can be useful.

但对于慢性喉炎，喉镜很有价值。

In chronic laryngitis the normal columnar cells undergo dysplasia, which is when they transform into squamous epithelium to adapt to the chronic irritation.

慢性喉炎中，正常柱状细胞异型增生转变为鳞状上皮细胞，来适应慢性刺激。

Chronic laryngitis is less common and it's associated with allergies, or the result of chronic exposure to irritating agents, like cigarette smoke.

慢性喉炎相对不常见，与过敏有关，或长期暴露于刺激物的结果，如吸烟。

For chronic laryngitis, it's important to treat the underlying issue, for example, using allergy medication, avoiding irritating agents, and using gastroesophageal reflux medications.

对于慢性喉炎，处理原发病很重要，比如施用抗过敏药物、避开过敏原以及施用抗胃食管反流药物。

Finally, there's overuse of the voice, like yelling or a really prolonged karaoke session involving the Beatles, that could lead to both acute and chronic laryngitis.

最后，过度发声，比如大喊大叫，或是长时间唱披头士的卡拉OK，会导致急性或慢性喉炎。

Reflux laryngitis is another cause of chronic laryngitis and develops in people with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease where acid from the stomach goes all the way up the esophagus into the pharynx.

反流性喉炎是另一个慢性喉炎的病因，见于严重胃食管反流病的患者：胃酸通过食管，向上进入咽部。