The modules then need to be tested by charging and discharging them.

然后需要通过对模块进行充电和放电来测试模块。

He discovered some very important principles of electricity, including the notions of charges and discharges.

他发现了一些非常重要的电学原理，包括充电和放电的概念。

It is able, for example, to cope with up to 1m charge and discharge cycles, says Qamar Abbas, a member of the team.

例如，研究小组成员卡马尔·阿巴斯说，它能够应付高达100万次的充放电循环。

Now at the end of this process, each and every battery cell needs to be charged and discharged in certain patterns to gain its properties.

现在，在此过程结束时，每个电池单元都需要以某种模式充电和放电，以获得其特性。