Shadow exchange rate refers to the distortion of exchange rate when the government intervenes in the foreign exchange market through economic and administrative means.

影子汇率是指当政府通过经济和行政手段干预外汇市场时，汇率的扭曲。

The fixed exchange rate refers to the government's use of administrative or legal means to choose a basic reference, and determine, publication and maintenance of the national currency the unit of reference between the fixed price.

固定汇率是指政府利用行政或法律手段选择一个基本参考，并确定、公布和维持国家货币与参考单位之间的固定价格。