" You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's new novel." These three opening lines, from Ralph Ellison's " Invisible Man, " Virginia Woolf's " Mrs. Dalloway, " and Italo Calvino's " If on a winter's night a traveler, " each establish a different point of view.

“你即将开始阅读伊塔洛·卡尔维诺的新小说。 ” 拉尔夫·埃里森的《隐形人》、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《达洛维夫人》和伊塔洛·卡尔维诺的《如果在冬夜， 一个旅人》中的这三句开场白， 每一句都建立了一个不同的观点。