Because the northern states could not compete with southern states. Northern states paid their labor by the piece.

因为北方各州无法与南方各州竞争。 北方各州按计件支付劳动力。

A poor independent workman will generally be more industrious than even a journeyman who works by the piece.

一个可怜的独立工人通常甚至比一个按件工作的熟练工更勤奋。

And twelve times he fell through a bridge and was saved by the piece of wood, which caught on the sides of the hole.

12次他都跌了下来, 幸而有木板的边缘撑住冰洞。佩诺特才得以生还。

A collier working by the piece is supposed, at Newcastle, to earn commonly about double, and, in many parts of Scotland, about three times, the wages of common labour.

在纽卡斯尔， 按计件工作的矿工通常赚取普通劳动工资的两倍左右， 而在苏格兰的许多地方， 则约为普通劳动工资的三倍。

Workmen, on the contrary, when they are liberally paid by the piece, are very apt to overwork themselves, and to ruin their health and constitution in a few years.

相反，工人在按件计酬时很容易过度劳累， 并在几年内毁掉他们的健康和体质。

Plus, it was one of those solid iron affairs that never gets damaged, the kind you see at the scene of an accident, paint unscratched, surrounded by the pieces of the foreign car it had destroyed.

而且，它是那种结结实实，永远也坏不了的铁疙瘩，就是你在车祸现场看到的那种结实玩意儿：自己身上漆都没蹭掉一点儿，而周围却一片狼藉，全是毁在它手下的外国汽车的碎块儿。

The institution of long apprenticeships has no tendency to form young people to industry. A journeyman who works by the piece is likely to be industrious, because he derives a benefit from every exertion of his industry.

长期学徒制度没有培养年轻人进入工业的趋势。一个按件工作的熟练工很可能是勤奋的，因为他从他勤奋的每一次努力中得到好处。

Something of the same kind happens in many other trades, in which the workmen are paid by the piece; as they generally are in manufactures, and even in country labour, wherever wages are higher than ordinary.

许多其他行业也发生了类似的情况，在这些行业中，工人是按件计酬的。因为他们通常在制造业，甚至在工资高于普通水平的乡村劳动中也是如此。

" Approach, venerable Catherine Nicaise Elizabeth Leroux" ! said the councillor, who had taken the list of prize-winners from the president; and, looking at the piece of paper and the old woman by turns, he repeated in a fatherly tone—" Approach! approach" !

" 过来，可敬的卡特琳·尼凯丝·伊丽沙白·勒鲁！" 州议员说，他已经从主席手里接过了得奖人的名单。他审查一遍名单，又看一遍老婆子，然后用慈父般的声音重复说：" 过来， 过来！"