And in particular, they build the brain's prefrontal cortex.

尤其有助于前额叶皮质的发育。

Now, all this happens primarily in your brain's prefrontal cortex.

所有的这些主要发生在你大脑的前额叶皮层。

The basal ganglia, structures tucked beneath the brain's cerebral cortex, play a critical role in initiating a variety of motor activities.

基底神经节，隐藏在大脑皮层下的结构，在启动各种肌动活动中起着关键作用。

This is a condition someone has at birth or develops in infancy, and it's blindness caused by a dysfunction in the brain's occipital visual cortex.

这是一种人在出生时就有或在婴儿期就形成的疾病，它是由大脑枕叶视觉皮层的功能障碍引起的失明。

That visual information then slips through a chain of progressively complex levels as it travels from optic nerve, to the thalamus, and on to the brain’s visual cortex.

从眼球运向大脑。 然后视觉信息穿过一系列的复杂阶段， 从视神经到丘脑，到。

In the context of the brain, the processing unit that represents a word is likely a pattern of firing activity across a group of neurons in the brain's cortex.

在大脑中，每个单词的处理单元可能就是大脑皮层中的一群神经元的放电模式。

In a healthy body, the upper motor neurons, which sit in the brain's cortex, transmit messages from the brain to the lower motor neurons, situated in the spinal cord.

在健康的身体中，上部运动神经元位于大脑皮层，将信息从大脑传递到位于脊髓的下运动神经元。

A striking example is that in blind people, the brain's visual cortex is repurposed for auditory tasks- such as detecting motion and pinpointing where a sound is coming from.

一个有力例证是，盲人大脑的视觉皮层被转用于听觉任务——比如检测运动和确定声音的来源。

People with schizophrenia tend to score lower on measures of auditory processing, and they frequently report having auditory hallucinations, two things that are likely related to the brain's auditory cortex.

精神分裂症患者在听觉处理方面的得分往往较低，他们经常报告有听觉幻觉，这两种情况可能与大脑的听觉皮层有关。

A striking example is that in blind people, the brain's visual cortex is repurposed for auditory tasks—such as detecting motion and pinpointing where a sound is coming from.

一个引人注目的例子是， 在盲人中，大脑的视觉皮层被重新用于听觉任务——例如检测运动和精确定位声音的来源。

In their 2010 study, they found that conscientiousness, for example, is significantly correlated with the volume of the middle frontal gyrus, a section of the brain’s prefrontal cortex.

例如， 在他们 2010 年的研究中， 他们发现责任心与额中回（大脑前额叶皮层的一部分） 的体积显着相关。

In a healthy body, the upper motor neurons, which sit in the brain’s cortex, transmit messages from the brain to the lower motor neurons, situated in the spinal cord.

在健康的身体中，位于大脑皮层的上运动神经元将信息从大脑传递到位于脊髓的下运动神经元。

And while breathing does have a voluntary control through the brain's motor cortex, where we can stop and start at will, there's also an involuntary control through the brainstem that keeps us breathing when we're unconscious.

虽然呼吸确实有通过大脑运动皮层的自愿控制，我们可以随意停止和开始， 但也有通过脑干的非自愿控制， 让我们在失去知觉时保持呼吸。