By today's bioethical standards, withholding treatment in a research study without a patient's informed consent is morally abhorrent.

按照今天的生物伦理标准，在没有患者知情同意的情况下在研究中拒绝治疗在道德上是可恶的。

Similarly, suppose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later.

同样，再假设为了缩短而不是延长死亡到来的时间，医生终止某种治疗是无可指责的做法。

Similarly, suppose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill?

同样，再假设为了缩短而不是延长死亡到来的时间，医生终止某种治疗是无可指责的做法，那么如果这位医生使用足够的镇痛剂致使病人死亡，他就一定大错特错吗？